新疆孕马结合雌激素原料药中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜含量测定

建立了测定孕马结合雌激素（CE）原料药中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜残留量的方法。采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（AAS）测定铅、镉、铜含量;原子荧光光谱法（AFS）测定砷、汞含量。铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的回收率（n=6）分别为93.4%,98.2%,102.8%,95.0%,96.4%。该方法操作简便,快速,可用于原料药中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜重金属残留量的测定。     

ICP-AES测定铝合金中Mg、Be、Mn、Mo、Fe、Ti、Si和Zn

采用ICP-AES同时测定铝合金中合金元素和杂质元素,优化ICP光谱仪的工作条件,测定回收率96%—106%,RSD0.28%—6.26%,结果令人满意。     

ICP-AES测定RA合金中铝、镉、铜、铁、铅、锰和硅含量

电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法直接测定RA合金中Al、Cd、Cu、Fe、Pb、Mn和Si等元素含量。优选了适宜的仪器测定参数和分析谱线。方法简便快速。回收率在97%—103%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)<5%。     

ICP-AES同时测定满山香子中的铜、铁、锌、钙、镁、锰和钴

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 (ICP- AES)测定中药满山香子中的铜、铁、锌、钙、镁、锰、钴等 7种元素的含量。研究了样品溶解酸、元素分析线的选择。各元素测定的相对标准偏差为 1.6 0 %— 6 .38% ,加标回收率为 97.0 0 %— 10 5 .0 0 % ,方法方便、可靠 ,具有良好的准确度和精密度。     

ICP-AES测定铅及铅合金中铁、铜、镉和锡

铅及铅合金样品经硝酸溶解,使用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定铁、铜、镉、锡含量.加标回收率铁82.6%-108.9%、铜93.7%-111.4%、镉87.2%-99.1%、锡90.0%-100.6%,测定相对标准偏差(RSD)Fe≤3.32%、Cu≤4.36%、Cd≤2.16%、Sn≤3.26%.方法简便,测定速度快,结果准确,适用于铅及铅合金的检测.     

ICP-AES法同时测定银锭中铋、锑、铅、铜、铁杂质元素

本文介绍ICP-AES法同时测定银锭中Bi、Sb、Pb、Cu、Fe杂质元素的方法。试样用稀硝酸溶解后测定,回收率为93.0%-105.0%,RSD为0.36-4.2%。     

火焰原子吸收法测定石油焦中的铁、镍、钠

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定石油焦中的铁、镍、钠,方法简便、快速、准确。回收率为96.5%-105.3%,样品测定的相对标准偏差小于6.3%,对实际样品的测定结果令人满意。     

ICP-AES测定镁合金中Nd、Al、Ni、Cu、Be、Zn、Mn、Ce和Si等9种元素

采用ICP-AES测定了镁合金中的Nd、Al、Ni、Cu、Be、Zn、Mn、Ce、Si9元素,进行了溶解试验、酸度试验和氢氟酸用量等试验,研究并校正了基体及共存元素对测定元素的干扰,测定值与标钢原值符合较好,低含量范围元素(<0.001mg/mL)的相对标准偏差RSD<10%;较高含量元素(0.001mg/mL)的相对标准偏差RSD<2%。方法简便、快速、可靠,可获得满意的分析结果。     

碰撞池ICP-MS测定大米中Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Ni、As、Se、Sr、Cd、Ba和Hg的研究

建立碰撞池ICP-MS测定大米中Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Ni、As、Se、Sr、Cd、Ba和Hg的分析方法。采用微波消解方法消解样品后直接进行ICP-MS分析,并采用碰撞池技术消除质谱干扰,混合内标溶液校正基体干扰和漂移。方法的精密度均小于5%,回收率为85%—113%,并对标准物质（大米）GBW 10010GSB-1进行方法验证,获得较满意的结果。本法快速、简单,能满足大米中常量、微量、痕量金属元素同时测定的分析需求。     

ICP-AES直接测定海泥中的铅、锡、锌和镉

使用ICP-AES同时测定了海泥样品中的铅、锡、锌、镉。方法加标回收率为95.3%—103.2%,11次测定的RSD(n=11)小于4.59%。方法操作方便,分析速度快,结果准确。     

发射光谱法测定高纯银中微量金、铂、钯、铑、铱、锑、铅、铋、铁、铜、镍、铬、铝和锌

本文研究了贵金属标准溶液除氯离子的有关问题，解决了高纯硝酸银中贵金属等杂质元素的标样配制，以硝酸银直接压样于普通电极中直流电弧激发，可测定９９．０～９９．９９％的高纯银，该方法简便、快速、准确。     

ICP-AES法测定松香中铁、铅、铜、锌、铝

本文研究了用ICP－AES法测定松香中的铁、铅、铜、锌、铝的方法，确定了松香中杂质元素同时测定的最佳工作条件，并对实际样品进行了AAS法对比测定，回收率在91％－104％之间，结果令人满意。该方法快速、简便、可靠，适用于出口松香的日常检验。     

EDXRF法快速测定玩具塑料中8种有害元素

铬、砷、硒、镉、锑、钡、汞和铅8种有害元素是玩具安全领域必检项目.目前,标准方法大多需采用湿化学法处理样品,再用仪器进行测试,前处理过程复杂,耗时长、成本高.EDXRF法具有无须样品前处理、对样品非破坏性、成本低、效率高等优点,已广泛用于电子电气产品中有害物质的快速筛选分析,但由于玩具材料和待测元素种类多,大多元素限量...     

ICP-AES测定意大利底漆中的铬、铁、铅和锌含量

为了充分利用ICP-AES仪器方便快捷地分析进口的意大利底漆中微量的铬、铁、铅和锌含量,采用炭化、煅烧、硝酸酸洗的方法对样品进行预处理,并确定了试验的最佳测试条件。结果表明,方法的检出限为0.0035—0.0048mg/L,回收率为96.7%—103.0%,RSD小于2%。该方法准确、快速、简便,本方法实现了利用硝酸介质的单元素标准溶液来测试有机溶剂中的金属离子含量,为ICP-AES在有机材料上的应用提供了一种方法借鉴。     

Clinical applications: MRI, SPECT, and PET

MRI, PET, and SPECT are all used to image abnormalities in the epileptic brain. Comparison of the techniques is difficult because they measure different aspects of the epileptic process—structure, metabolism, and perfusion. SPECT is the only one that can be systematically applied during seizures, while all three are used to image interictal abnormalities. Literature review suggests that of interictal techniques, PET has the highest diagnostic sensitivity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) (84% vs. 66% for SPECT, 55% for qualitative MRI, 71% for quantitative MRI) while SPECT has the highest sensitivity in extratemporal epilepsy (ETE) (60% vs. 43% for MRI and 33% for PET). The highest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were achieved by ictal imaging with SPECT (90% in TLE, 81% in ETE). The techniques, however, were not always redundant. One reason for the wide discrepancy of results in TLE and ETE might be the differing pathologic substrates. A literature review of imaging findings associated with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), developmental lesion or tumor as the underlying abnormality associated with epilepsy supports this explantion. PET and MRI are much more sensitive to MTS than SPECT (100%, 95% vs. 70%). On the other hand, in developmental lesions the three techniques are equally sensitive (88–92%) and in tumors, MRI was most sensitive (96%) and SPECT least (82%). A study at NIH explains the differing sensitivities: using PET to measure both blood flow and metabolism revealed discrepant findings in the same patients. Preliminary evidence also indicates that the distribution of hyperperfusion on ictal SPECT can differentiate subtypes of TLE. Combining the results of refined imaging techniques holds great promise in epilepsy localization and diagnosis.     

Comparison of TSE, TGSE, and CPMG measurement techniques for MR polymer gel dosimetry

A radiation dose distribution that optimally conforms to the target volume is of major interest for stereotactic radiotherapy. For this purpose treatment plans have to be verified experimentally before transferring to the patient. The requirements regarding dose accuracy and spatial resolution can be fulfilled with tissue equivalent polymer gel dosimeters which offer the possibility to visualize 3D dose distributions. Herewith, dosimetry can be performed by the spin-spin relaxation rate R2 which varies with the absorbed dose. In this work, different MR measurement techniques were evaluated: The standard Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) method, a modified Turbo-Spin-Echo (TSE) sequence, and a modified Turbo-Gradient-Spin-Echo (TGSE) sequence. Experiments were performed both with a homogeneous water phantom and an irradiated polymer gel. The results show that TGSE and especially TSE are suited well for MR polymer gel dosimetry: The acquisition time of both techniques can be reduced in comparison to CPMG by a factor of 5. The accuracy of dose determination for doses between 2 Gy and 13 Gy lies between 5.6% and 2.0% (TSE), 9.0% and 3.2% (TGSE), and 7.9% and 2.7% (CPMG). These investigations show that especially TSE can be handled as a substitute or at least an alternative to CPMG for the verification of treatment plans in stereotactic radiotherapy.     

微波消解电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法同时测定塑料中镉、铅、汞和铬

采用微波消解技术,电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法同时测定塑料中镉、铅、汞和铬.研究了消解程序和消解试剂,建立了塑料样品的微波消解方法.测定了多种浓度范围多种不同基体的塑料,RSD为1.8%-2.4%,回收率为97.3%-98.8%.通过测定有证参考物质和国际水平测试,证明该方法具有很好的准确度和精密度,适合同时测定各种塑料中镉、铅、汞和铬.     

ICP—AES法测定铁矿中铝,钙,镁,锰,钴,铜,钠和钾

本文研究了ICP-AES法测定铁矿中铝,钙、镁、锰、钴、铜、钠和钾的方法。对仪器工作参数,共存元素的光谱干扰和基体效应干扰进行了探讨。采用向标准系列中加入铁基空白溶液建立工作曲线,试样经酸处理后即可直接测定。本方法获得了良好的回收率(95～103%)和变异系数(0.5～1.3%,n=11),同原子吸收法进行比对试验,结果一致。     

微波消解ICP-MS测定冬虫夏草中铜、铅、砷和镉的含量

采用微波辅助消解冬虫夏草样品,用ICP-MS测定冬虫夏草中铜、铅、砷和镉4种重金属元素的含量,该方法简便,快速,可同时测定多元素,精密度好,回收率96%—103%,满足规范要求。     

ICP-AES法测定玩具涂料中重金属元素总量

研究了不同消解方法对玩具涂料中As,Ba,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb,Sb,Se有害重金属元素总含量测定结果的影响，确定以HNO3＋酒石酸＋H3PO4溶样并用全谱直读等离子体光谱仪同时测定其八种有害重金属元素总含量的方法。加标回收试验及模拟样品测定结果表明，该方法快速、准确、可靠，且能满足玩具安全标准对各元素的检出限要求，适于进出口玩具的日常检验。