Flow mechanisms in the face-centred cubic micellar gel of a diblock copolymer

The mechanisms of flow of a face-centred cubic micellar phase were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for samples under either steady or oscillatory shear in two different geometries: Couette cell and planar shear sandwich. The system studied was a gel formed by a poly(oxyethylene)–poly(oxypropylene) diblock copolymer in water. SAXS indicated that under steady shear in a Couette cell, flow occurs via sliding of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) layers with a close-packed [110] direction along the shear direction. Under oscillatory shear in the planar shear sandwich, coexistence between this orientation and one in which the hcp layers are rotated by 30° (and flow is in a [211] direction) was observed; however, when subject to oscillatory shear in the Couette cell, flow only occurred along a [110] direction. This observation of flow in a non-close-packed direction may be due to alignment induced by the walls of the shear sandwich. Received: 24 February 2001 Accepted: 21 March 2001     

Small-angle X-ray scattering study of a poly(oxyphenylethylene)–poly(oxyethylene) diblock copolymer gel under shear flow

 The structure and flow behaviour of a micellar “cubic” phase is studied, using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and constant stress rheometry on a poly(oxyphenylethylene)–poly(oxyethylene) diblock copolymer in water. The predominant structure is a face-centred cubic (fcc) array of spherical micelles, which under shear undergoes layer sliding to give a scattering pattern from stacked hexagonal close-packed layers. A detailed analysis of the SAXS data indicates the presence of a fraction of grains with a structure distorted from a fcc phase. The additional reflections that characterize this structure can be indexed to a rhombohedral unit cell, space group R3ˉm, with the same volume as the fcc unit cell. The rhombohedral unit cell corresponds to a cubic cell that has been “stretched” along a [111] direction, and it is suggested that such a structure results from the gradient in shear velocity in the Couette cell employed. Shearing at high shear rates leads to a “smearing out” of the reflections, but upon cessation of shear under these conditions a highly oriented SAXS pattern is obtained, which confirms the persistence of rhombohedral ordering. The shear-induced changes in orientation are correlated to a plateau observed in the stress plotted against shear rate, such a plateau being a sign of inhomogeneous flow. Received: 8 September 2000 Accepted: 29 November 2000     

溶致液晶模板电化学沉积束状铂纳米材料

以非离子型三嵌段共聚物EO106PO70EO106 (F127)/正丁醇/氯铂酸水溶液构建的溶致液晶层状相为模板, 电化学沉积制备铂纳米材料. 透射电镜和扫描电镜显示, 产物为具有高长径比的纳米线形成的束状结构, 能量弥散谱与电极电势分析证实产物为铂单质, 而循环伏安测量表明产物的比表面积约为53 m2•g−1. 对影响产物形貌的因素和产物生成的可能机理进行了分析.     

基于嵌段共聚物的纳米材料

嵌段共聚物由于具有自组装的特性,在制备纳米材料方面已引起研究者的广泛关注。本文综述了基于嵌段共聚物自组装制备纳米材料的研究进展,包括嵌段共聚物直接用作纳米材料、嵌段共聚物用作模板制备纳米材料、嵌段共聚物纳米复合材料等,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Salt‐Induced Micellization of Pluronic F88 in Water

The effect of potassium chloride on the micellization of a poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(propylene oxide)‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO‐PPO‐PEO) triblock copolymer (Pluronic F88: EO₁₀₃PO₃₉EO₁₀₃.) in water was studied by fluorescence, FTIR, ¹H NMR, dynamic light scattering, and dye solubilization. The critical micellization temperature (CMT) values of the copolymer decreased with an increase of KCl concentration while micellar core gets progressively dehydrated. The results reveal the leading role of salt‐water interaction in promoting the micellization of PEO‐PPO‐PEO copolymer by the addition of salt. No significant micellar growth was seen even at temperatures close to cloud point.     

嵌段共聚物在本体中自组装形态的研究进展

综述了两嵌段和三嵌段共聚物在本体中自组装形态的研究进展, 主要包括由两嵌段共聚物形成的螺旋状形态;由三嵌段共聚物形成的CsCl 晶格型排列的球状形态、立方体心堆积的同心球状形态、层-球形态、柱-球形态、柱-环形态、同轴柱状形态、六角排列的柱状形态、层-柱形态、层-柱-Ⅱ 形态、有序三连续双金刚石状形态、核-壳双螺旋状形态、层状形态, 以及更加复杂的蘑菇状形态、球嵌球形态、编织图案形态等。并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

共轭聚合物在多组分共混体系中的聚集结构研究进展

基于本体异质结的聚合物太阳电池性能与相分离结构特别是聚合物的聚集结构密切相关. 本文综述了一些典型共轭聚合物聚集结构方面的研究进展,详细介绍了基于齐聚噻吩、二噻吩、苯并二噻吩及噻吩衍生物的D-A共聚物、二维共轭聚合物以及嵌段共聚物等体系的聚集结构特点,系统总结了一系列共轭聚合物在不同共混物、处理溶剂、退火温度、共混比例、分子量、侧链原子或基团等条件下相应的聚集结构变化规律. 在众多共轭聚合物中,研究最多的是D-A共聚物,故作重点介绍,而二维共轭聚合物、嵌段共聚物作简要介绍.     

ε-己内酯与环氧丙烷嵌段共聚合研究

Inoue等用四苯基卟啉(TPP)与εt_2AlCl的作用产物四苯基卟啉氯化铝(TPPAICl)进行环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷(PO)、β-丙内酯的开环聚合与嵌段共聚合已有很多报道,但Inoue近期文章也有己内酯开环聚合的报道,但1986前只用于开丙内酯聚合。所以我们1986年的文章(即本文的文献[2]是最早用此催化剂进行ε-己内酯聚合的。我们用此催化剂进行了CL的开环聚合。至于CL的嵌段共聚合,Endo等报道了用TPPAlCl/甲     

Design of water-soluble block copolymers containing poly(4-vinylpyridine) by atom transfer radical polymerization

The preparation of block copolymers consisting of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was investigated. The goal was to synthesize water-soluble block copolymers with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as first block, a water-soluble polymer at any pH. First, a PEO macroinitiator was prepared for the ATRP block copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine. In the second stage, the kinetic behaviour of this block copolymerization was investigated for two different types of PEO-macroinitiators and catalyst systems, based on CuCl or CuCl₂/Cu(0), with tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me₆-TREN) as the ligand. Various combinations of initiator and catalyst led to a controlled block copolymerization with optimized results obtained for chlorinated poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether as macroinitiator, together with CuCl₂/Cu(0)/Me₆-TREN as catalyst system. With the latter system, narrow polydispersities (1.25) could be reached for PEO-P4VP block copolymers.     

聚苯乙烯-b-聚2(5)-乙烯基对(间)苯二甲酸二钠嵌段共聚物的合成及其对PET结晶行为的影响

通过原子转移自由基聚合合成了线形及三臂聚苯乙烯-b -聚2(5)-乙烯基对(间)苯二甲酸二钠嵌段共聚物,通过凝胶渗透色谱、核磁共振和热失重表征证实得到了结构明确、分散度较窄的嵌段共聚物成核剂.采用熔融共混的方法制得聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)与成核剂共混样品.采用差示扫描量热仪与一维X射线衍射仪研究了PET及添加成核剂后PET的非等温结晶过程,对不同结构和组成成核剂的成核效果进行对比研究,结果表明所合成的一系列共聚物都能有效改善PET结晶过程,同时还能有效保持PET分子量.     

共聚物在聚合物共混体系中的增容作用I．嵌段共聚物

随着高分子合金领域的研究发展,以共聚物作为增容剂对不相容的聚合物共混体系进行改性已得到了广泛的研究和应用。本文分为两篇,分别介绍利用嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物和无规共聚物所做的增容改性研究。本篇着重讨论嵌段共聚物（包括两嵌段和三嵌段以及多嵌段共聚物）在聚合物共混体系中的增容作用和增容机理。     

活性阳离子聚合法合成嵌段共聚物的研究进展

在80年代,阳离子聚合研究的一个最重要突破可能就是活性阳离子聚合。目前为止,有关活性阳离子聚合的新引发体系、新单体及合成应用等方面已取得巨大进展。本综述主要介绍利用活性阳离子聚合合成二、三元嵌段和多元嵌段共聚物的研究成果。