边界元法求解瞬态弹性动力学问题的一种新解法

本文首次将Newmark法引入到边界元法之中,从而使得边界元法与有限元法有机地结合起来,使边界元法的通用性在求解瞬态弹性动力学问题上大大加强,在程序的实现过程中应用一定的技巧,提出了多重子单元划分法,解决了时间步长与单元网格之间的耦合关系。提高了计算精度,缩短了计算时间,从所给出的算例可知,此算法是可行的,程序也是可靠的。     

间隙元在钻柱瞬态动力学分析中的应用

为了描述钻柱与井壁的随机碰撞接触状态，本文构造了动力间隙元，并推导了动力间隙元的相对压缩量和迭代求解格式。把动力间隙元与梁单元相结合，采用Newmark直接积分法和冲量定理，进行了钻柱碰撞接触非线性瞬态动力学分析。经工程应用表明，构造的动力间隙元能够描述钻柱的碰撞接触状态，所设计的偏心防斜钻具已在大庆油田得到应用，取得了明显的经济和社会效益。     

一种微静电开关系统的非线性动力学

在微型电子机械（MEMS）中，存在着多种非线性因素，诸如：几何非线性、静电力的非线性以及空气阻力的非线性等，它们严重影响着微机械系统的行为。对于一种具有典型结构的微静电开关，考虑机械、静电、挤压气隙三部分的因素，导出了系统单自由度非线性运动方程（保留到三阶非线性），用数值方法分析了静电激励变化导致的分岔，发现倍周期分岔、逆倍周期分岔广泛存在于该类系统中。     

非线性动力学方程的一种级数解

本文针对n维未知向量v的一阶微分议程v=Hv f(v,t)进行求解,其中Hv和f(v,t)分别是右端项的线性剂次部分和非线性部分,首先,将非线性部分f(v,t)在所论时刻tk处展成t-tk=τ的泰勒级数,并通过求原函数的方法直接给出每一项的积分,从而获得了待求微分方程在级数形式下的闭合争,它的具有不同精度的各次静似解可表示成τ的分段解析函数,便于研究非线性动力学行为与其物理参数的依赖关系。本文还用算例验证了各次近似解之间的数值关系,并和解析解等作了比较。     

有限元瞬态响应分析软件的一种并行开发方法

瞬态响应分析是有限元动力分析的重要内容之一，而串行计算机上运行的有限元软件在解题规模和速度上都受到很大限制。为此，基于系统集成思想对串行有限元软件进行并行开发。分析得出了瞬态响应分析并行开发的重点——位移方程组的瞬态响应，给出了线性方程组并行求解的思路和实现方法。用一个实例系统的实现验证了上述开发思路，从而也为并行应用软件开发探索了一条新的途径；最后对并行求解程序进行了算例验证。     

弹磁强化能量阱瞬态动力学响应实验研究

为提升传统刚度基立方非线性能量阱的性能,在立方刚度振子两侧加入弹磁元件,从而构造出一种新型弹磁强化非线性能量阱,通过实验研究了该能量阱的瞬态动力学响应。弹磁元件是由压缩弹簧和安装在弹簧上的永磁铁构成的,该磁铁与安装在质量块上的磁铁之间存在斥力。当立方振子进行往复运动时,磁斥力可以对振子的响应进行调节。在不同初始位移下,对比研究了加入磁铁前后振子的位移响应之间的差异,分析了弹磁元件对振子的弹性势能与衰减至平衡状态所需时间的影响,并研究了压缩弹簧的线径和弹磁间隙对振子响应的影响。结果表明,当线径较小时,安装弹磁元件的振子在绝大部分情况下振动衰减时间更短,弹性势能更小;当线径较大且初始位移较大时,则安装弹磁元件的振子的振动衰减时间较长,弹性势能较大。     

工程专业非线性动力学教材建设——介绍《非线性动力学》一书

非线性动力学不仅是基础研究中的重要课题,也有广阔的应用前景．随着理论研究的深入,其工程应用愈来愈受到重视．非线性动力学不仅是数学、物理学科教学内容,而且正在成为工程专业学生特别是研究生教学内容的一个重要方面．工程问题的研究者有必要理解和掌握非线性动力学的概念和方法,以便能从新的角度考察各自专业中的研究课题． 国外从１９８４年起陆续出版以混饨为主要内容的非线性动力学教材文献出,为最早的面向工程专业的非线性动力学教材,但除个别例子外与数理专业教材差别不大．文献［２～５］都是有工程专业特色的教材,但理…     

瞬态波作用下非线性岩土与非圆结构的相互作用

本文讨论了瞬态波作用下非线性岩土与非圆结构相互作用的问题。文中引用了一种多参数的非线性弹性岩土模型,应用复变函数方法求解了由小参数摄动展开得到的各阶渐近线性方程,并利用映射函数使计算得到简化。文中给出了瞬态波水平和垂直入射时直墙拱结构动力响应的位移和应力数值结果。     

Stability and dispersion analysis of reproducing kernel collocation method for transient dynamics

A reproducing kernel collocation method based on strong formulation is introduced for transient dynamics. To study the stability property of this method, an algorithm based on the von Neumann hypothesis is proposed to predict the critical time step. A numerical test is conducted to validate the algorithm. The numerical critical time step and the predicted critical time step are in good agreement. The results are compared with those obtained based on the radial basis collocation method, and they are in good agreement. Several important conclusions for choosing a proper support size of the reproducing kernel shape function are given to improve the stability condition.     

Global transient dynamics of nonlinear parametrically excited systems

In this paper we examine the response of a typical nonlinear system that is subjected to parametric excitation. Particular attention is paid to how basins of attraction evolve such that the global transient stability of the system may be assessed. We show that at a forcing level that is considerably smaller than that at which the steady-state attractor loses its stability, there may exist a rapid erosion and stratification of the basin, signifying a global loss of engineering integrity of the system.We also show, for a system near its equilibrium state, that the boundaries in parameter space can become fractal. The significance of such an analysis is not only that it corresponds to a failure locus for a system subjected to a sudden pulse of excitation, but since the phase-space basin is often eroded throughout its central region, the determination of basin boundaries in control space can often reflect the characteristics of the phase-space basin structure, and hence on the macroscopic level they provide information regarding the global transient stability of the system.     

基于水力瞬变与扩展卡尔曼滤波的管道流体监测与泄漏定位

引入一种长输管道流体监测与泄漏定位的新方法,将管道流动的瞬变流模型转化为状态空间模型的描述,以管线沿程流量、压强水头为状态变量,管道进口流量和出口压力视做非线性动态系统的控制输入,出口流量和进口压力观测序列构成系统的测量向量。基于小信号原理首先线性化处理非线性模型,然后用扩展的卡尔曼滤波器结合传统的双曲方程特征线解法估计泄漏尺寸与位置,并实时模拟出管道流体的压力流量过程及其沿管道的分布。试验和仿真算例表明此法模拟的管道流动状态能较快收敛到稳定状态,并且泄漏尺寸估计与定位的结果与给定值比较吻合。因此引入扩展的卡尔曼滤波能够提高瞬变流模拟管道非定常流动的准确性和跟踪能力。     

Extreme parameter sensitivity of transient persistence in spatially coupled ecological systems

This paper investigates persistence of transient dynamics depending on parameters in spatially coupled ecological systems. We emphasis that the persistence time can be obtained by populations of species or Lyapunov exponents of transient dynamics. It is found that extreme sensitive dependence of persistence on parameters occurs commonly in ecological models. A non-zero uncertainty exponent is used to characterize the high sensitivity in a reasonable parameter region. The result of a small uncertainty exponent indicates a fractal structure of transient persistence in the two-dimensional parameter space. In spite of different methods of measurement, the fractal dimensions have a good consistency. Since populations of natural communities with many coupled oscillators are often affected by disturbance of migration rates, the large probability of error in estimating persistence of transients should be concerned.     

Flux vector splitting solutions for coupling hydraulic transient of gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow in pipelines

The gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixed flow is the most general in multiphase mixed transportation. It is significant to exactly solve the coupling hydraulic transient problems of this type of multiphase mixed flow in pipelines. Presently, the method of characteristics is widely used to solve classical hydraulic transient problems. However, when it is used to solve coupling hydraulic transient problems, excessive interpolation errors may be introduced into the results due to unavoidable multiwave interpolated calculations. To deal with the problem, a finite difference scheme based on the Steger-Warming flux vector splitting is proposed. A flux vector splitting scheme is established for the coupling hydraulic transient model of gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixed flow in the pipelines. The flux subvectors are then discretized by the Lax-Wendroff central difference scheme and the Warming-Beam upwind difference scheme with second-order precision in both time and space. Under the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and the corresponding boundary conditions, an effective solution to those points located at the boundaries is developed, which can avoid the problem beyond the calculation region directly induced by the second-order discrete technique. Numerical and experimental verifications indicate that the proposed scheme has several desirable advantages including high calculation precision, excellent shock wave capture capability without false numerical oscillation, low sensitivity to the Courant number, and good stability.     

Experimental research on transient heat transfer in sand

In order to examine if the heat conduction in porous material behaves like a wave as claimed by other researchers, experiments on transient heat transfer is conducted in casting sand. The results show that the heat propagation can be described neither by wave nor by diffusion model. The CV-wave concept is discussed and challenged according to the experimental results in the entire transient stage, including the transient response of temperature and the response curve of penetration-depth versus penetration-time.     

A new contact & slip model for tracked vehicle transient dynamics on hard ground

This study presents a new general transient contact and slip model for tracked vehicles on hard ground which is simple, accurate, and in agreement with the test results to a satisfactory level. Simulating zero track speed instances become possible with the new contact/shear model which is the major proposed improvement in addition to more accurate results for transient steering and tractive inputs. The model represents a general tracked vehicle having rear or front sprockets, with parameters for center of gravity, wheel positions, number of wheels, and track-pretention. To calculate longitudinal and lateral forces, a transient shear model is used. Shear stress under each track pad is assumed to be a function of shear displacement. The contact time formulation used in shear displacement calculation is improved to gain accuracy for transient and zero track speed conditions.The model is implemented on the Matlab/Simulink platform and verified with a comprehensive program of road tests composed of transient steering and tractive/braking scenarios. The results of the simulations and the road tests are satisfactorily similar for both constant and transient input maneuvers. Moreover, sensitivity simulations for vehicle parameters are conducted to show that the model responses are inline with the expected vehicle dynamics behaviours.     

基于瞬变流和遗传算法的管道泄漏辨识

输水系统管道的泄漏影响瞬变水击波波形的畸变和衰减特性,对泄漏的定位和定量是泄漏辨识研究的重要环节.考虑水力瞬变中非恒定摩阻的影响,将泄漏参数反映在建立的管道瞬变流时域数学模型中,给出离散网格和求解方法,分析不同泄漏参数对瞬变水击波的影响,用遗传算法结合瞬变流时域模型的特征线法最小化管道测点压力实测和计算响应值的均方误差来辨识泄漏参数,其中实测信号首先经过预滤波和小波去噪处理.通过模型试验对瞬变流数学模型和泄漏反问题分析模型作了率定和验证,结果表明此法能有效的辨识出小泄漏参数,并且检测信号主动,阀门扰动可操作性强.     

Experimental and theoretical investigation of transient convective regimes in a Hele-Shaw cell

Supercritical regimes of thermal convection in a Hele-Shaw cell heated from below are investigated experimentally and theoretically. A stability map of convective regimes is plotted. Novel stable and transient pulsatory convective flows are revealed. The numerical calculations performed for a cell with thermally insulated vertical faces are in agreement with the experimental data.