酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及固化反应动力学研究

利用自制的有机蒙脱土 ,采用浇模固化成型法制备酚醛树脂 /六次甲基四胺 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料 ,并用XRD观察有机蒙脱土分别在热塑性和热固性酚醛树脂中复合行为 .研究发现 ,由于两种树脂的固化反应机理不同 ,热固性酚醛树脂与蒙脱土复合 ,可得插层型纳米复合材料 ;而采用热塑性酚醛树脂进行固化 ,则得到部分剥离的纳米复合材料 .通过DSC进一步研究热塑性酚醛树脂 /蒙脱土复合体系的固化反应动力学 .运用Kissinger ,Flynn Wall Ozawa ,Crane方法求出活化能和反应级数等动力学参数 .结果发现 ,加入蒙脱土使固化反应活化能下降 ,反应级数减小 ,从而有利于固化工艺的实现 ,便于纳米复合材料实际应用 .     

环氧树脂/桐油酸酐/蒙脱土纳米复合材料固化动力学

环氧树脂/桐油酸酐/蒙脱土纳米复合材料固化动力学;固化反应;DSC     

丙烯酸树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备研究

采用离子交换法,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)进行改性制备了有机蒙脱土(OMMT).用丙烯酸(AA)、硫酸化蓖麻油、乳化剂OP-10、过硫酸钾为原料进行水溶液聚合制得丙烯酸树脂.将丙烯酸树脂与改性蒙脱土通过聚合插层制备了丙烯酸树脂/ 蒙脱土纳米复合材料.通过傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)和X-射线衍射 (XRD)等手段对复合材料的结构进行了表征,结果表明:丙烯酸树脂插层进入有机蒙脱土内可形成插层型或剥离型的纳米复合材料.蒙脱土含量及蒙脱土与丙烯酸树脂的反应温度、反应时间均对复合材料的剥离行为产生影响,在蒙脱土含量为树脂固含量的7%、温度为70℃、反应4h的条件下可得到完全剥离的纳米复合材料.     

4,4'-二氨基二苯醚二苯酮固化环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料的研究

采用离子交换法, 用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵处理钙基蒙脱土(MMT), 使蒙脱土的层间距由1.49 nm扩大到2.21 nm, 制备了环氧树脂/ BADK/MMT纳米复合材料, 并用XRD等手段研究了有机蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的插层及剥离行为. 研究结果表明, 蒙脱土含量及环氧树脂与有机土的混合温度和时间均对固化后复合材料的剥离产生影响, 只有在特定条件下才能得到剥离型纳米复合材料.     

动态扭振法观察环氧树脂/蒙脱土插层聚合物的二次固化

聚合物 /无机纳米复合材料是当今材料研究中的热点。但由于无机纳米颗粒在聚合物中不易分散 ,有时用具有纳米层间距的片晶结构的无机矿物 ,如蒙脱土作填料 ,通过聚合时的热效应来撑开片晶达到蒙脱土的纳米级分散 ,制得所谓的插层聚合物〔1〕。插层型纳米复合材料不仅物理力学性能有很大提高 ,并且也为高分子凝聚态物理工作者提供了研究聚合物分子在二维空间受限情况的理想模型。由于在蒙脱土层间和层外的聚合物所处的环境不一样 ,它们的一些行为会有所不同。本文在用动态扭振法研究环氧树脂 /蒙脱土插层聚合物的等温固化行为时 ,观察到了该…     

电子束固化树脂基复合材料进展

综述了电子束固化树脂基复合材料的树脂基体、电子束固化工艺的优越性、吵固化复合材料在国内外的发展状况以不固化复合材料中存在的一些待解决的问题。     

液晶环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备和固化反应动力学研究

用带有介晶基元的联苯二酚二缩水甘油醚 (BP)、4 氨基苯基磺酰胺 (SAA)和有机化蒙脱土 (93A)采用浇铸成模固化成型的方法制备出液晶环氧树脂 蒙脱土纳米复合材料 .WRXD结果表明 93A含量是 2 %时可形成剥离型纳米材料 ,而当 10 %时形成插层型纳米材料 ,5 %时则形成剥离和插层混合型的纳米材料 ;POM结果表明蒙脱土的存在能够破坏原有的扇形近晶相液晶织构 .DSC研究表明体系的固化反应动力学 ,可用变形的Kissinger Akahira Sunose法 (VKAS)表征 ,从求出的反应活化能和转化率关系 ,发现反应初期 ,蒙脱土使反应活化能降低 ,能够促进液晶环氧树脂的固化 .     

基于乙炔基-苯并噁嗪单元双重交联反应的聚酰亚胺树脂的制备与性能

为开发可低温固化的聚酰亚胺树脂, 通过分子结构设计将苯并噁嗪单元引入聚酰亚胺树脂中, 合成了含苯并噁嗪单元及乙炔基封端的双官能化新型聚酰亚胺预聚体(PIBzA). 经高温处理, 苯并噁嗪单元发生开环交联, 同时, 乙炔基端基发生三聚成环反应, 从而在固化树脂中形成双重交联网络结构. 苯并噁嗪单元的引入使聚酰亚胺树脂最快固化反应温度降低约32 ℃, 有效降低了固化温度. 同时, 苯并噁嗪单元的引入未大幅度降低树脂的耐热稳定性, 其玻璃化转变温度(T_g)介于266~290 ℃之间, 5%热失重温度(T_d,5%)接近500 ℃, 依然可以满足耐高温复合材料的应用需求. 此外, PIBzA固化树脂具有低介电特性, 其介电常数k介于2.3~3.0, 介电损耗介于0.002~0.008, 可满足透波复合材料及先进微电子封装材料的应用需求.     

二亚乙基三胺固化环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

插层;玻璃化转变温度;二亚乙基三胺固化环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究     

电子束作用下双酚A型环氧树脂体系的固化特征

当前 ,先进树脂基复合材料基本上都是采用加热固化成型的 ,由于其工艺周期长 ,造成复合材料的制造成本较高 ,同时 ,热固化采用的固化剂和有机溶剂往往会对操作人员及环境造成危害 .为顺应复合材料低成本化和无公害化的发展趋势 ,树脂基复合材料的电子束辐射固化技术逐渐发展起来 .复合材料的电子束固化技术是在 2 0世纪 80年代初 ,由法国Ａｅｒｏｐａｔｉｃｌｅ的研究人员首先进行的[1] .近年来 ,美国、日本、加拿大及欧洲的许多国家都在积极从事于研究和利用此项技术 ,并且已经取得了可观的成果[2 ] .我国在这方面的研究工作也开始起步 .作…     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。