激光参数对红外成像系统干扰效果影响的实验研究

 针对激光对红外成像系统的干扰效果是光电对抗领域的一个研究热点,采用波长10.6 μm的CO2调谐脉冲激光器,通过漫反射板反射激光能量到像元数为320×240的多晶硅非制冷焦平面红外热像仪上进行激光干扰红外成像系统的实验。在实验中研究了干扰激光能量、重复频率、波长、光斑大小等激光参数对干扰效果的影响,并从图像质量的角度分析了激光参数对干扰效果的影响。结果表明,随着干扰激光能量密度、重复频率、波长和光斑的增大,干扰效果提高。此外,漫反射干扰的效果证明这种干扰方式是可行的,该方式可避免干扰源成为未来将出现的反辐射光电制导武器的诱饵,为CO2激光干扰装备提供一种新的战术配置方法。     

Seeing time-reversal transmission characteristics through kinetic anti-ferromagnetic Ising chain

As an example of our new approach to complex near-field (NF) scattering of electromagnetic waves, the time-reversal (TR) transmission process on an NF current-element array is mapped to the statistical process on a kinetic Ising transmission chain. Equilibrium statistical mechanics and non-equilibrium Monte Carlo (MC) dynamics help us to find signal jamming, aging, annihilating, creating, and TR symmetry breaking on the chain with inevitable background noises; and these results are general in NF systems where complex electromagnetic scattering arises.     

红外激光对可见光CCD成像系统的干扰

采用连续波红外激光对可见光面阵CCD成像系统进行了干扰实验,观察到饱和串扰、全屏饱和等干扰现象,并测到串扰阈值小于2.0×102W/cm2,全屏饱和阈值为1.2×104W/cm2。通过分析CCD输出电压、视频信号,提出基于有效干扰面积的干扰效果评估方法,并利用该方法对干扰面积与激光功率密度、辐照时间之间的关系进行了半定量分析。结果显示:激光功率密度对干扰效果的影响较大,而辐照时间在0.5~2.0 s之间时,辐照时间对CCD干扰效果的影响不明显。     

Full-Duplex Relay with Delayed CSI Elevates the SDoF of the MIMO X Channel

In this article, the sum secure degrees-of-freedom (SDoF) of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) X channel with confidential messages (XCCM) and arbitrary antenna configurations is studied, where there is no channel state information (CSI) at two transmitters and only delayed CSI at a multiple-antenna, full-duplex, and decode-and-forward relay. We aim at establishing the sum-SDoF lower and upper bounds. For the sum-SDoF lower bound, we design three relay-aided transmission schemes, namely, the relay-aided jamming scheme, the relay-aided jamming and one-receiver interference alignment scheme, and the relay-aided jamming and two-receiver interference alignment scheme, each corresponding to one case of antenna configurations. Moreover, the security and decoding of each scheme are analyzed. The sum-SDoF upper bound is proposed by means of the existing SDoF region of two-user MIMO broadcast channel with confidential messages (BCCM) and delayed channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). As a result, the sum-SDoF lower and upper bounds are derived, and the sum-SDoF is characterized when the relay has sufficiently large antennas. Furthermore, even assuming no CSI at two transmitters, our results show that a multiple-antenna full-duplex relay with delayed CSI can elevate the sum-SDoF of the MIMO XCCM. This is corroborated by the fact that the derived sum-SDoF lower bound can be greater than the sum-SDoF of the MIMO XCCM with output feedback and delayed CSIT.     

剪切波对时间反转调相的经颅聚焦超声的影响*

为研究颅骨中的剪切波对经颅聚焦超声的影响,该文利用Kelvin-Voigt固体声波方程并结合时间反转法,分别模拟了考虑剪切波和不考虑剪切波时,256-单元平面相控阵为实现超声经颅聚焦所需的相位调控,并将这两种相位调控都分别作用于考虑剪切波和不考虑剪切波时的聚焦情形。对这两种相位调控以及基于它们的经颅聚焦超声场的对比分析结果表明:聚焦深度较大时,剪切波对基于时间反转进行的相位调控影响较小;不过,剪切波对经颅聚焦超声场的强度分布影响较大,忽略剪切波会导致对焦域处声场聚焦强度的高估以及对颅骨附近声能量沉积的低估。     

水声工程中基于均匀圆阵列的涡旋声波性能分析*

声波作为信息和能量的载体,一直以来在水下通信中被广泛采用,但尚未解决带宽窄、速率低的问题。在光学领域和电磁波领域,轨道角动量都表征了螺旋相位结构的自然属性;通过引入轨道角动量到声学领域中,水声通信系统的传输能力以及频谱效率都得到扩展。基于换能器圆阵列产生涡旋声波进行分析和检测,研究涡旋声波波束的阵列产生方法,给出涡旋声波波束在水下传播的特性。在主轴方向,采用均匀圆阵列产生不同拓扑模式的涡旋声波波束,确定轨道角动量拓扑模式与换能器阵列之间的对应关系;为生成不同拓扑模式下的涡旋声波,研究阵列单元数目、阵列半径、传输频率等对涡旋声波的影响。通过研究发现模式数越高,涡旋声波主瓣波束角越大,主瓣峰值越小。阵列半径越大,主瓣波束角越大,而主瓣峰值则随着阵列半径的增大而减小;频率越高,主瓣波束角越小,主瓣峰值变化不大;阵列单元数对主瓣波束角无影响,但与主瓣峰值成正比关系,阵列单元数越多,主瓣峰值越大。     

Large force fluctuations in a flowing granular medium

We study fluctuations in the force at the boundary of a 2D granular flow. The forces are mainly impulsive at all flow rates. The probability distribution of impulses decays exponentially at large impulses, as do the forces in a static granular medium. At small impulses, the distribution evolves continuously with flow rate with no indication of the transition from collisional flow to intermittently jamming flows. However, the distribution of the time interval between collisions tends to a power law, P(tau) - tau(-3/2), showing a clear dynamical signature of the approach to jamming.     

多调制方式下的强度叠加编码多发多收大气光通信系统性能分析

对开关键控(OOK)、脉冲位置调制(PPM)、差分脉冲位置调制(DPPM)和数字脉冲间隔调制(DPIM)下强度叠加编码多发多收(MIMO)光通信系统的性能进行了比较分析。研究表明:随着调制阶数的提高,后三种调制在平均发射功率需求方面较OOK调制有很大优势,但是相应的传输容量却有所下降。在差错性能方面,OOK调制在接收功率较低时误包率相对其它三种调制要小,当接收功率提高到一定程度时,PPM,DPPM和DPIM调制相对OOK调制均体现出了3～10dB的误包率优势。     

Light transmission through metal films perforated with arrays of asymmetric cross-shaped hole

The transmission characteristics of metallic film perforated with an array of asymmetric cross-shaped hole are studied by using the three-dimensional finite difference time-domain method. We find that the wavelengths and intensities of transmission peaks depend strongly on the asymmetric parameters of the cross-shaped hole. The transmission peaks in the structure of asymmetric cross-shaped hole array originate from the splitting of the transmission peak in the corresponding one of symmetric cross-shaped hole array. Moreover, it is also found that the transmission spectra can be adjusted by changing other geometrical parameters of asymmetric cross-shaped hole due to the their effect on the distribution of the oscillating charges on metal surfaces.     

声速剖面反演对基阵倾斜失配的敏感性研究

通过推导基阵倾斜失配给声传播时间计算带来的误差,分析了这种参数失配对基于声传播时间的声速剖面反演结果的敏感性。研究结果表明,小角度倾斜时,由基阵倾斜所带来的声速剖面反演误差与倾斜俯仰角近似成正比,与声传播时间近似成反比。当基阵倾斜方位与声源一基阵连线方向一致时带来的误差最大,而垂直时误差最小。理论计算与仿真、实验结果在变化趋势和数量级上具有较好的一致性,为反演误差预报提供了参考。      

激光雷达干扰效果评估方法研究

研究了光电干扰对测距和跟踪测量激光雷达干扰效果的评估方法.在深入分析激光雷达光电干扰机理的基础上,提出了相应的干扰效果评估准则.对激光测距机的距离欺骗干扰效果采用测距误差-干扰成功率准则或准测率准则定量评估,对测距机的激光盲干扰效果依据盲激光对测距准确度、测距功能的影响程度进行评估.对于跟踪测量激光雷达,根据实施干扰后其跟踪误差是否超出正常跟踪准确度的三倍判定一次干扰是否有效,再依据多次试验的干扰成功率的大小评估干扰效果.     

Passivity analysis of coupled inertial neural networks with time-varying delays and impulsive effects

This paper is devoted to the passivity analysis of an array model for coupled inertial delayed neural networks (NNs) with impulses under different network structures, namely directed and undirected topologies. Firstly, utilising the information of eigenvectors for the directed coupling matrix, a new Lyapunov functional is constructed, by which, together with the aid of some inequality techniques and network characteristics, the two sets of sufficient criteria are established to, respectively, guarantee the strictly input passivity and strictly output passivity of the impulsive network with directed coupling. Secondly, benefited from the properties of the undirected coupling matrix, some more concise conditions that are easier to be verified for the passivities of the undirected coupled network accompanied by impulsive effects are proposed. Finally, two numerical examples are designed to execute the verification of the derived theoretical results.     

Characterization of micro-lenses based on single interferogram analysis using Hilbert transformation

Measurement of the shape, surface quality, and optical performance of micro-lenses, as well as, the uniformity of the parameters across the wafer is an important issue. In this paper we describe a reflection/transmission microscopic interferometer for characterization of micro-lens array. A Hilbert transform (HT) based method is applied to enhance the fringe contrast and to recover the phase from a single fringe pattern with closed fringes. The reflection mode of operation reveals the geometrical properties of the array whereas transmission mode of operation provides information regarding the focal properties of the micro-lenses. Experimental results on a square-packed fused silica micro-lens array are presented.     

The Fundamentals of Particle Size Analysis by Transmission Fluctuation Spectrometry.

A transmission signal measured on a flowing suspension of particles with a high spatial and temporal resolution shows significant fluctuations, which contain the complete information on particle size distribution and particle concentration. In Parts 1 and 2, the basic properties of signal fluctuations were studied for temporal averaging by a gliding time window and for spatial averaging by a circular beam of uniform intensity. However, the experimental implementation of such conditions is difficult. Now, the theory is extended for Gaussian beams of variable diameter and averaging by signal filtering in the frequency domain. This provides the basis for an experimental implementation by transmission of a laser beam and analog signal processing by an array of low pass filters.     

基于FRFT域分形特征的压制干扰存在性检测（英）

基于分数阶傅里叶变换（FRFT）域的分形特征研究压制干扰的存在性检测问题。首先,分析了典型的三种压制干扰的分形特征,说明了典型压制干扰信号具有分形特性,并采用盒维数和信息维数定量描述它们的分形特征。然后,发现了压制干扰和高斯白噪声在FRFT域具有不同的分形特征,进而提出了一种检测压制干扰存在性的方法。最后,仿真验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

Confinement of infrared radiation to nanometer scales through metallic slit arrays

One-dimensional metallic slit array has been intensively studied in the spectral range from ultraviolet to near-infrared due to its enhanced transmission for transverse magnetic waves. However, the transmission enhancement is sensitive to the wavelength of incident radiation because of resonance characteristics. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate that confining mid-infrared radiation to nanometer scales with a large transmission enhancement can be achieved from an aluminum slit array in a wavelength-insensitive manner, for potential applications in localized heating and nanothermal patterning. The Poynting vector and energy density calculated from the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) are used to explain the strong localization of electromagnetic energy in the near-field regime. Furthermore, the localization of energy is also studied when a dielectric substrate is used to support the slit array in practical applications.     

Auditory and behavioral responses of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) to impulsive sounds resembling distant signatures of underwater explosions

A behavioral response paradigm was used to measure masked underwater hearing thresholds in two bottlenose dolphins and one beluga whale before and after exposure to impulsive underwater sounds with waveforms resembling distant signatures of underwater explosions. An array of piezoelectric transducers was used to generate impulsive sounds with waveforms approximating those predicted from 5 or 500 kg HBX-1 charges at ranges from 1.5 to 55.6 km. At the conclusion of the study, no temporary shifts in masked-hearing thresholds (MTTSs), defined as a 6-dB or larger increase in threshold over pre-exposure levels, had been observed at the highest impulse level generated (500 kg at 1.7 km, peak pressure 70 kPa); however, disruptions of the animals' trained behaviors began to occur at exposures corresponding to 5 kg at 9.3 km and 5 kg at 1.5 km for the dolphins and 500 kg at 1.9 km for the beluga whale. These data are the first direct information regarding the effects of distant underwater explosion signatures on the hearing abilities of odontocetes.     

激光致盲干扰效果评估方法研究

研究了激光致盲干扰设备对光电制导系统、光电成像系统和激光测距机干扰效果的评估方法,分别提出了相应的干扰效果评估准则。对于光电制导系统,可以根据实施激光致盲干扰后制导武器的脱靶量是否超出正常制导精度的三倍或杀伤半径判定干扰是否有效,并根据干扰成功率的大小划分干扰等级。对观瞄用光电成像系统的干扰效果,可以按照致盲激光对成像功能的损伤、破坏程度划分为四个等级;对跟踪用光电成像系统的干扰效果可以根据实施干扰后成像系统能否输出有效跟踪脱靶量,以及脱靶量是否超出正常跟踪精度的三倍判定干扰是否有效。对激光测距机的干扰效果可以依据致盲激光对测距机测距精度、测距能力的影响程度划分为四个等级。     

频率漂移对耦合激光器阵列锁相状态的影响

耦合激光器阵列可以通过激光器之间的倏逝波耦合实现相位锁定,是有望实现光束相干合成的方案之一。为了探究该阵列锁相状态的稳定性,分析了频率漂移对两路激光器阵列相位锁定状态的影响。通过对耦合激光器阵列动力学方程的数值研究发现,频率漂移将破坏激光器阵列的锁相状态,并引入相位噪声,导致输出远场光强分布不稳定; 研究还发现：倏逝波耦合能够对频率漂移的影响起到一定的抑制作用,但这种抑制只在频率漂移较弱时才有效,因此,如果将该阵列用于光束合成,加入相应的抗干扰措施还是很必要的。数值分析的结果还表明：频率漂移的低频成分对于阵列相位锁定状态的影响更为剧烈,因此,抗干扰措施应主要针对低频干扰来进行。     

Impulsive control of time-delay systems using delayed impulse and its application to impulsive master-slave synchronization

This Letter is concerned with impulsive control of a class of nonlinear time-delay systems. Some uniform stability criteria for the closed-loop time-delay system under delayed impulsive control are derived by using piecewise Lyapunov functions. Then the criteria are applied to impulsive master-slave synchronization of some secure communication systems with transmission delays and sample delays under delayed impulsive control. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the derived results.