交联型直链淀粉手性固定相制备及其手性拆分

通过区域选择法制备了6-(三乙氧基硅基)直链淀粉衍生物,利用6-位上的三乙氧基硅基分子间缩聚将直链淀粉衍生物固定在硅球基质上,制备了交联型直链淀粉固定相。结果表明,采用分子间缩聚法制备交联型直链淀粉手性固定相具有制备简单、固定效率高的特点。考察了固定相手性拆分性能以及影响拆分能力的的因素。溶剂耐受性实验表明分子间缩聚法制备交联型直链淀粉手性固定相对四氢呋喃及氯仿流动相有良好的耐受能力。     

双选择体的涂覆量对手性固定相分离特性的影响

研究了涂敷量对双选择体手性固定相分离特性的影响。分别将纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)与纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯),直链淀粉-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)与直链淀粉-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)进行共混,得到两种共混合物。以这两种共混合物为手性选择体,制备了涂覆量分别为17%及25%的四种手性固定相。评价了这些固定相的手性分离性能,结果表明:增加手性选择体的涂覆量,直链淀粉衍生物双选择体固定相的手性分离性能得到提高,而纤维素衍生物固定相的手性分离性能则稍有降低。较高涂覆量的纤维素衍生物固定相在含叔丁醇、异丁醇和正丁醇流动相中的保留因子依次减小,而其手性识别能力依次增强。     

淀粉及纤维素三(3-三氟甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相的制备及其性能评价

为了扩展多糖类手性固定相的种类,制备了基于淀粉及纤维素三(3-三氟甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)的涂敷型手性固定相,以正己烷-异丙醇混合液为流动相,对8种手性化合物进行了高效液相色谱拆分。研究表明: 虽然与应用最广泛的分别以淀粉及纤维素三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)为手性选择因子的商品化手性柱Chiralpak AD和Chiralcel OD相比,所制备的手性固定相的手性分离能力较低,但纤维素三(3-三氟甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相显示出特异的手性识别能力,一些手性化合物在此固定相上得到了比在Chiracel OD上更好的分离;所制备的手性固定相的手性识别能力随流动相中异丙醇含量的降低而变好,当流动相中正己烷与异丙醇的体积比为95:5时所制备的手性固定相显示出相对较高的手性识别能力;总体来说,淀粉三(3-三氟甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相的手性识别能力稍强于纤维素三(3-三氟甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相,同时两种手性固定相的手性识别能力具有一定的互补性。     

多糖衍生物手性固定相的制备方法

手性固定相色谱法已成为手性药物拆分的一个重要方法,其关键和核心在于手性固定相的研制,现已开发了众多手性固定相。其中,多糖衍生物手性固定相拆分能力强,可拆分大多数手性药物,广泛应用于手性药物的分析与制备。本文对这类固定相的四种制备方法(涂敷法、键合法、整体成球法以及交联-共聚法)进行了详尽的介绍,并比较了各种制备方法的优缺点。     

纤维素类手性色谱固定相的制备及其应用

对映体的分离、分析及检测是目前医药与生化领域研究的热点之一。使用手性固定相并通过高效液相色谱直接拆分手性消旋体是现行单一对映体获取最直接且有效的手段之一,其中长链多糖类化合物如纤维素衍生物具有较强的手性识别能力,以此作为手性识别体的手性色谱固定相占有广阔的市场。本文对现有纤维素类手性色谱固定相的制备方法加以分类,评述了近年来该类别涂敷型、键合型及杂化型手性固定相的制备新方法,总结了采用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱技术、X射线衍射、固体核磁、密度泛函理论模拟等手段研究其手性识别机理的研究进展,综述了其在制备型超临界流体色谱和模拟移动床色谱中的应用情况。今后,对纤维素手性固定相的研究将主要集中在改善手性识别性能、提高样品处理能力以及降低溶剂消耗等方面,因此新型手性识别体的开发和负载方式的优化革新将是新一代手性固定相的研究关键,同时,应用领域的拓宽也将是其重要的发展方向之一。     

新型键合型纤维素类手性固定相的制备及安息香分离

采用六亚甲基二异氰酸酯作为键合试剂,制备了键合型纤维素3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯手性固定相。分别往正己烷/乙醇或正己烷/异丙醇中添加四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷,系统地考察了四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷的含量对安息香外消旋体拆分的影响。实验结果表明,安息香两对映体的容量因子随二者含量的增加而降低,但分离效果变化不大,分离因子均在1.2以上。所制备的CSP在采用含有高浓度四氢呋喃(23%)、二氯甲烷的流动相进行手性分离时仍具有良好的稳定性。与涂敷型固定相相比,流动相选择范围更广。     

分子间缩聚制备纤维素手性固定相及其手性拆分性能

以微晶纤维素、3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯和3-(三乙氧基硅)丙基异氰酸酯为原料,通过区域选择法合成了6位带有三乙氧基硅基团的纤维素-二(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)衍生物,利用三乙氧基硅基团的分子间缩聚将纤维素衍生物高效的固定到硅胶基质上,制备了交联型纤维素手性固定相。在正己烷-异丙醇(体积比4:1),流速1 mL/min,检测波长230 nm时,甲霜灵对映体得到了很好的分离,分离度(Rs)为4.36。此外,还探讨了流动相的配比,不同醇类改性剂对拆分效果的影响,优化了色谱条件。结果表明,交联型纤维素手性固定相对甲霜灵对映体具有较好的手性拆分能力,并且允许使用含有氯仿和四氢呋喃的流动相。     

外消旋萘普生酯类在四种纤维素衍生物手性柱上分离及手性 识别机理研究

在纯聚合物型的纤维素三醋酸酯(CTA)、纤维素三苯甲酸酯(CTB)与涂敷型的CTB、纤维素三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)(CTMB)四种纤维素衍生手性柱上成功地分离了几种外消旋萘普生酯,研究了流动相组成以及溶质的结构对手性分离的影响,探讨了纤维素衍生物手性固定相对外消旋萘普生酯手性识别的机理,得出溶质在固定相手性空腔中体积大小的适应性,尤其是立体结构上的空间适应性是手性识别的关键,不同的固定相这种适应性有所不同,     

外消旋萘普生酯类在四种纤维素衍生物手性柱上分离及手性 识别机理研究

在纯聚合物型的纤维素三醋酸酯(CTA)、纤维素三苯甲酸酯(CTB)与涂敷型的CTB、纤维素三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)(CTMB)四种纤维素衍生手性柱上成功地分离了几种外消旋萘普生酯,研究了流动相组成以及溶质的结构对手性分离的影响,探讨了纤维素衍生物手性固定相对外消旋萘普生酯手性识别的机理,得出溶质在固定相手性空腔中体积大小的适应性,尤其是立体结构上的空间适应性是手性识别的关键,不同的固定相这种适应性有所不同,     

键合型纤维素—苯基氨基甲酸酯手性固定相的制备及用于对映异构？…

采用化学键合法,利用４,４′－二苯基甲基二异氰酸酯作间隔臂,通过纤维素葡萄糖单元上２、３或６－位上的羟基将纤维素衍生物键合在氨丙基硅胶上,制备了键合型纤维素－苯基氨基甲酸酯手性固定相。同时,以微晶纤维素和苯基异氰酸酯为原料,合成了纤维素－三苯基氨基甲酸酯,并以未修饰的硅胶为载体,制备了涂敷型纤维素－三苯基氨基甲酸酯手性固定相。分别对键合型和涂敷型两类手性固定相进行了表征,并首次在纤维素－苯基氨基甲     

Impact of immobilized polysaccharide chiral stationary phases on enantiomeric separations

Immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) are gaining importance in the resolution of racemic compounds due to their stable nature on working with normal solvents and those prohibited for use with coated phases (tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dichloromethane, acetone, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, and certain other ethers). This review discusses the use of immobilized polysaccharide CSPs in the chiral resolution of various racemates by liquid chromatography. The discussion includes immobilization methodologies, enantioselectivities, efficiencies, and a comparison of chiral recognition capabilities of coated vs. immobilized CSPs. Some applications of immobilized CSPs to the chiral resolution of racemic compounds are also presented.     

手性固定相AD、AS和OD的拆分性能

手性固定相-高效液相色谱法在手性药物、手性农药等的分离分析中应用广泛。本文采用3种多糖衍生物的手性固定相(即EnantioPak AD、AS和OD)对20种手性化合物开展手性分离研究,进而探讨样品分子结构、多糖骨架和衍生基团对手性分离的影响。结果表明,除化合物13外,其余化合物在EnantioPak AD上均实现基线分离,分离度多在2.0以上,在正己烷-醇流动相中加入酸碱添加剂可改善和优化酸性或碱性化合物的分离效果;芳香醇(化合物13~16)随着侧链碳数增加在色谱柱上的保留减弱,其分离度呈现增加的趋势;对比8种化合物在3种手性固定相上的分离结果可知,EnantioPak AD表现出更优的分离性能。这为深入研究和了解多糖手性固定相、拓展其手性分离应用提供了参考。     

Enantioseparation of 1-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline on Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases

The enantiomers of 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline have been directly separated on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The normal phase separation of (S)- and (R)-1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline was accomplished by screening of the immobilized Chiralpak IC column with different eluents. The effect of mobile phase type on retention, selectivity and resolution was studied. 2-Propanol or ethanol/n-hexane/ethanolamine mixtures were applied as mobile phases by screening of following polysaccharide-based immobilized (Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC) and coated (Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Amylose-2) CSPs. Polar organic and reversed-phase conditions were also tested for direct enantioseparation of 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.     

Chromatographic Enantioseparation of Ten Amino Acid Amide Derivatives on Three Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases

Enantioseparation of ten kinds of amino acid amide derivatives bearing aniline moieties on three polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) was first systematically investigated. The chromatographic experiments were performed in the normal phase mode, namely, with n-hexane and 2-propanol as mobile phase. The effects of chiral columns, concentration of 2-propanol and column temperature on the enantioseparation were studied in detail. These compounds can be well resolved on Chiralcel OD-H column with the resolution above 1.5. Enantioseparation mechanism of chiral analytes and the CSPs are proposed based on the thermodynamic analysis of the experimental data. Our study establishes a simple, fast and efficient analytical method for amino acid amide derivatives by chiral HPLC, and provides a reference for enantioseparation of chiral amino acid amide derivatives and similar chiral compounds.     

Enantioselective HPLC separation of bioactive C5-chiral 2-pyrazolines on lux amylose-2 and lux cellulose-2: Comparative and mechanistic approaches

Stereoselective analytical HPLC separations have been developed for a series of biologically active chiral 2-pyrazolines (1-22) to be used in monitoring their resolution reactions or to custom semipreparative HPLC separations prior to biological assessment of both enantiomers. Polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), namely, Lux amylose-2 and cellulose-2, have been used. Both normal (n-hexane/ethanol) and polar organic (ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, or mixtures thereof) elution modes were very beneficial for the achievement of baseline separations. The impact of various chemical moieties embedded in the structures of 2-pyrazolines 1-22 and the adopted stationary phases on chiral recognition has been investigated. A case of reversed order of elution following alterations in either stationary phase or elution mode has been observed. Our findings recommend that normal elution mode can be used for optimizing semipreparative HPLC methods whereas polar organic mobile phases (such as acetonitrile and ethanol) are more suited to stereoselective reactions monitoring, routine quality control work, or for pharmacological and toxicological assays. These results settle the implementation of polysaccharide-based CSPs using different elution modes and declare the practicality of such CSPs in stereoselective HPLC.     

Polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation

Recent developments of polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the direct separation of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are mainly reviewed together with the results on mechanistic studies by means of chromatography, NMR and mass spectroscopies, and computational methods. Miscellaneous applications of polysaccharide derivatives to the newly developed, chiral dynamic high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) for obtaining a nonracemic compound are also described.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法结合多糖衍生物手性固定相拆分氰戊菊酯

建立了以多糖衍生物为手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)直接拆分氰戊菊酯对映体的方法。在反相液相色谱条件下,考察了手性固定相的种类、流动相组成、柱温、流速对氰戊菊酯4个立体异构体分离的影响。同时,利用热力学方法对氰戊菊酯的立体异构体与固定相之间的色谱保留和分离的热力学机理进行了探讨。结果表明:采用Lux Cellulose-3(纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯))手性色谱柱,在以流动相为乙腈-水(5 mmol/L甲酸铵)=(55:45,V:V)流速0.4 mL/min,柱温30℃的条件下,可在14 mins内实现氰戊菊酯4个立体异构体的基线分离。拓展了HPLC-MS/MS在菊酯类手性农药对映体分离及检测上的应用。     

Separation and Simultaneous Determination of Enantiomers of Tau-fluvalinate and Permethrin in Drinking Water

The chiral liquid chromatographic separation of two pyrethroid insecticides, tau-fluvalinate and permethrin, on different polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) has been investigated. Complete separation of these compounds was achieved with Chiralcel OJ under normal phase mode and a mobile phase of n-hexane:ethanol (90:10, v/v). This method has been used for determining these compounds in drinking water at ppb levels after solid-phase extraction (SPE) with C-18 cartridges. Recoveries ranged between 103–113% and precision values (expressed as relative standard deviations) were lower than 10%.