Rigorous spectral representation of relativistic random phase approximation for finite nuclei

By using the rigorous spectral representation of relativistic random phase approximation, the low-lying excitation of finite nuclei and its longitudinal response function for quasielastic electron scattering are calculated in the σ-ω model of quantum hadrodynamics. It is shown that the reproduction of the correct order of the 1- and 3- excitation states of 16O is due to the contribution of the exchange vertex. There is no significant influence of the retardation effect on the low-lying excitation states. In contrast, the retardation effect plays an important role in the electron scattering process of nuclei. The theoretical longitudinal responses of 12C and 40Ca, including the contributions of the exchange vertex and the retardation effect, are suppressed and reproduce the experimental data better than the results excluding them.     

The Reaction Cross Section and Neutron Removal Cross Sections of 17C

The reaction cross section, together with the one-, two- and three neutron removal cross sections, of ¹⁷C with the energy of 79A MeV on carbon target were measured using the radioactive beam line RIPS of RIKEN. The reaction cross section and the one-neutron removal cross section were analyzed within the frame of Glauber model. Both the analyses favor the dominant configuration of a ¹⁶C core (2⁺) plus a d_5/2 valence neutron for ¹⁷C. The work for the neutron-rich carbon isotope on the reaction cross section σ_R and the interaction cross section σ_I on ^{12C target are summarized.}     

多壁碳纳米管束储氢机理的X射线吸收谱研究

采用X射线吸收精细结构光谱探索性地研究了多壁碳纳米管束.在多壁碳纳米管束不同入射角的X射线吸收精细结构光谱中，观察到C—H σ^*共振峰强度随入射角的变化而发生变化.在常温常压下出现C—H键可能与多壁碳纳米管束中存在缺陷有关，缺陷数量越大C—H σ^*共振峰的强度越大.光谱中C—C π^*和C—C σ^*共振峰强度的变化趋势都不同于C—H σ^*共振峰，这有力地证明了在常温常压条件下氢原子是吸附在多壁碳纳米 关键词： X射线吸收精细结构光谱 碳纳米管 储氢 化学吸附     

有机固体薄膜的交流电导

本文讨论了有机固体薄膜交流电导的频率依赖性,指出在较高频率下,电导正比于频率两次方的依赖性,是由于电极接触电阻和薄膜电容所引致的假象。作者建议了一种外加串联电阻法来求取电极接触电阻值,从而使电导和电容的频率依赖性实验数据得到改正。提出了表征有机固体薄膜交流电导特性的三个参数,即在极低频下的直流电导率σ_d.c.值、在较高频区σ(f)∝fⁿ中的n值和在lgσ-lgf图上高频区直线与σ_d.c.水平线的交点f_x。对聚乙烯咔唑( 关键词：     

Determination of sulfoxide bond dissociation enthalpies of dibenzothiophene S‐oxide derivatives with computational methods

Photodeoxygenation of dibenzothiophene S‐oxide (DBTO) has been suggested as a clean way to generate atomic oxygen in solution. Sulfoxide bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) are important to the quantum yield and mechanism of this photodeoxygenation. In this study, BDE of substituted DBTO molecules with various functional groups were determined using M062X/aug‐cc‐pV(T + d)Z and MP2/aug‐cc‐pV(T + d)Z levels of theory. The sulfoxide BDE was determined using an isodesmic reaction. The observed effect of substitution was that functional groups with negative σ_para values (electron donating) strengthen the sulfoxide bond and that substituents with positive σ_para values (electron withdrawing) weaken the sulfoxide bond. The Mulliken charge on sulfur for DBTO and the corresponding dibenzothiophene were identified as a suitable indicator of the predicted S–O BDE. Moreover, steric and hydrogen bonding interactions were found to affect sulfoxide BDE for certain functional groups when located at the 1 or 4 positions of the substituted DBTO. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Measurement of Reaction Cross Section for 17C and Finite-Range Glauber Model Analysis

We have measured the reaction cross section σ_R of ¹⁷C on the carbon target at the intermediate energy of 97A MeV by using transmission method.finite-range Glauber model has been employed to investigate the density distribution of ¹⁷C by fitting the present result and the previous result of interaction cross section σ_I.By contrast with the result from the analysis of σ_I,a tail in the neutron density distribution of ¹⁷C is found necessary to interpret the present result.Considering the configuration of the valence neutron,a dominant 1d_5/2(77±21%)occupancy is found,which is in agreement with results of momentum distribution measurements.     

Quenching of neutron spectroscopic factors of radioactive carbon isotopes with knockout reactions within a wide energy range

The quenching factors of one-neutron spectroscopic factors,which are ratios of theoretical to experimental one-neutron removal cross sections,are studied for the carbon isotopes ~(15-19)C,with ~(12)C and ~9Be targets within incident energies from around 50 to 900 MeV/nucleon.The resulting values of quenching factors do not show strong energy dependence within such an energy range.The average values of the these quenching factors agree well with the systematics in [J.A.Tostevin and A.Gade,Phys.Rev.C,90 057602(2014)],which was established for a large set of radioactive nuclei with different masses below 305 MeV/nucleon.     

Fabrication of transparent and flexible carbon‐doped ZnO field emission display on plastic substrate

Transparent and flexible carbon doped ZnO (C:ZnO) field emission device was successfully fabricated on an arylite substrate. Excellent adhesion of deposited C:ZnO on the flexible substrate was achieved with low sputtering power and Ar flow rate. In the fabricated device, nanostructured C:ZnO and as‐deposited thin films were used as field emitter and phosphor screen, respectively. The C:ZnO thin film showed a transparency of about 80% at 550 nm wavelength and average sheet resistance of 1.96 kΩ/□. The C:ZnO phosphor screen emitted red light during the field emission measurement, correlating the dominant cathodoluminescence peak at 646 nm. Thus, a promising transparent and flexible field emission display can be realized with C:ZnO based material.

Transparent and flexible C:ZnO film phosphor screen (anode) and nanocone emitters (cathode) for field emission device.     

利用直接核反应研究轻丰中子核的奇特结构

直接核反应(包括弹性散射、非弹性散射、转移反应等)是研究丰中子核奇特结构的常用实验手段之一。以6,8He、11Li、11,12Be、14,15B、15,16C等N=8附近核的结构研究为例,综述了如何利用这几种反应从实验上研究丰中子核的奇特结构。利用6,8He,11Be等晕核在质子和氘靶上的弹性散射数据,拟合得到了这些反应体系的有效相互作用(光学势)。利用16C在质子和氘靶上的非弹性散射数据,抽取了16C 的形变参数,结果表明16C的形变不可忽略。利用单核子转移反应,定量研究了8He, 11,12Be等丰中子核基态及低占据态中的p-,s-,以及d-波成分的强度。结果表明:8He基态中的4个价中子,除了可以构成正常的 (0p_3/2)4 组态外,还有一定的几率构成($ 0 p_{3/2} $)2(0p_1/2)2组态;12Be的基态以d波闯入为主,而其临近的11Be的基态以s波闯入为主。     

Fourier transform infrared studies of cyclohexane and benzene adsorbed on Pt/Al2O3: Evidence for π- and σ-bonded chemisorbed species

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been applied to the study of cyclohexane adsorbed on Al₂O₃ and Pt/Al₂O₃ surfaces. Earlier studies of benzene on these same materials have also been extended to include benzene adsorbed on a Pt/Al₂O₃ surface which contains structured carbon residues. The data provide indirect evidence for the formation of a carbon residue on Pt/Al₂O₃ which retains the six-membered cyclic structure of the parent adsorbates. The carbon residue can be formed upon vacuum heating of the parent C₆ ring molecules chemiorbed on Pt/Al₂O₃. There is spectroscopic evidence that cyclohexane dehydrogenates on Pt/Al₂O₃ at 300 K to form two different chemisorbed species; a π-bonded benzene and a dissociated σ-bonded benzene. These two chemisorbed species have CH stretching vibrations centered at 3030 and 2947 cm^?1, respectively. Benzene added to a clean catalyst surface forms only a π-bonded benzene. However, benzene added to Pt/Al₂O₃ with ordered carbon residues forms both π- and σ-bonded benzenes. The addition of H₂ at 300 K to any of the π- or σ-bonded benzenes or to the carbon residue results in the formation of cyclohexane physisorbed on the catalyst. The absence of CH₃ groups upon hydrogenation suggests the lack of CC bond breaking during adsorption or hydrogenation. Simultaneous infrared and thermal desorption studies on chemisorbed deuterated benzene (from C₆D₁₂) indicate that the a-bonded species exchange H from the surface OH groups of the alumina support more readily than does the π-bonded benzene. In addition to hydrogen exchange with the support, thermal desorption experiments indicate the oxidation of a portion of the chemisorbed hydrocarbons and/or carbon residue by oxygen from the alumina support. Therefore, the support is capable of playing a direct role in reactions occurring on the catalyst surface.     

A systematic study of (n, 2n) cross sections at 14 MeV

The experimental (n,2n) cross sections around 14 MeV have been collected, analyzed, and evaluated. Data were taken from 124 nuclei for A=19–209 up to the end of 1983. Relation between σn, 2n and (N-Z)/A has been studied. No neutron shell effect is found. The cross sections for some nuclei have been calculated by using a statistical theory. The good agreement with the experimental σn, 2n at 14 MeV has been obtained in terms of a single set of fitting parameters.     

Self-consistent description of finite nuclei based on a relativistic quark model

Relativistic Hartree equations for spherical nuclei have been derived from a relativistic quark model of the structure of bound nucleons which interact through the (self-consistent) exchange of scalar (σ) and vector (ω and ϱ) mesons. The coupling constants and the mass of the σ-meson are determined from the properties of symmetric nuclear matter and the rms charge radius in ⁴⁰Ca. Calculated properties of static, closed-shell nuclei from ¹⁶O to ²⁰⁸Pb are compared with experimental data and with results of Quantum Hadrodynamics (QHD). The dependence of the results on the nucleon size and the quark mass is investigated. Several possible extensions of the model are also discussed.     

Final state interaction in pion electroproduction from nuclei near threshold

We have calculated cross sections for pion electroproduction from nuclei near threshold, including the distortion of the pion wave function by the pion-nucleus optical potential. Distortion effects near threshold are found to be significant, changing the ratio σ_π-/σ_π+ for production of 10 MeV pions from ¹⁶O by nearly fifty percent.     

Estimate of the cross section for thermal neutrons

Cross section of the thermal neutrons is considered in the framework of the statistical approach to the complicated nuclei. The probability distribution ?(z = σ/σ*) to have given cross section σ (determined by fluctuations of resonance positions and widths), where σ* is the cross section for the model of equidistant resonances with the same width, has been calculated. The last quantity can be represented in terms of the neutron strength function for given nuclei. The probability distribution ?(z) is universal for all nuclei.     

Competition between σ-hole pnicogen bond and π-hole tetrel bond in complexes of CF2=CFZH2 (Z = P,As, and Sb)

ABSTRACT

A computational study of the complexes formed by F₂C=CFZH₂ (Z?=?P, As, and Sb) and F₂C=CFPF₂ with two Lewis bases (NH₃ and NMe₃) has been carried out. In general, two minima complexes are found, one with a σ-hole pnicogen bond and the other one with a π-hole tetrel bond in most complexes but two σ-hole pnicogen bonded complexes are obtained for F₂C=CFZH₂ and NH₃. They have similar stability though F₂C=CFSbH₂ engages in a much stronger σ-hole pnicogen bond with NMe₃. The –PF₂ substitution makes the π-hole on the terminal carbon form a tetrel bond with NH₃. A heavier –ZH₂ group engages in a stronger σ-hole pnicogen bond but results in a weaker π-hole tetrel bond. Other than electrostatic interaction, the stability of both complexes is attributed to the charge transfer from the N lone pair into the C–Z/H–Z anti-bonding orbital in the pnicogen bond and the C=C anti-bonding orbital in the tetrel bond.

The σ-hole pnicogen bonded and π-hole tetrel bonded complexes between F₂C=CFZH₂ (Z = P, As, and Sb) and two Lewis bases (NH₃ and NMe₃) have been compared. The results indicate that both interactions can compete, dependent on the nature of the N base.     

Diffractive open charm production at HERA

We use perturbative QCD to calculate the cross sections σ^LT for the diffractive production of open charm (cc) from longitudinally and transversely polarised photons (of virtuality Q2) incident at high energy (√S) on a proton target. We study both the Q ² and M ² dependence of the cross sections, where M is the invariant mass of the cc pair. Surprisingly, the result for σ^T, as well as for σ^L, is perturbatively stable. We estimate higher-order corrections and find a sizeable enhancement of the cross sections. The cross sections depend on the square of the gluon density g(x, K²), and we show that the observation of open charm at the HERA electron-proton collider can act as a sensitive probe of the gluon distribution for x = (Q ² + M ²)/s and scale K2 = (M ²c + )(1 + Q ²/M ²) where the average quark transverse momentum squared 〈k ₂ ^t ~ (M ²c . As compared to diffractive J/#x03C8; production, open charm has the advantage that it is independent of the non-perturbative ambiguities arising from the J/#x03C8; wave function. We estimate the fraction of diffractive events that arise from cc¯ production.     

Shear‐Enhanced Nucleation of Isotactic Polypropylene in Limited Space

The nucleation rate was measured by directly counting the number of nuclei, which were developed while an isotactic polypropylene melt was flowing under shear in a thin film. The nucleation rate was enhanced with an increased rate of shear, e.g., by a factor of 10 larger at the rate of shear of 14 s^?1 compared with the quiescent state, at 134°C. The ratio of the shear‐enhanced nucleation rate to the nucleation rate in the quiescent state was larger at a higher temperature of crystallization, i.e., about 10 times at 134°C to 590 times at 140°C. The increase of the nucleation rate under shear flow was explained by a reduction of the lateral and end (fold) surface free energies; the product σ _s ² σ _e decreased to 3.2×10^?7 for the sheared melt, from 6.0×10^?7 (J m^?2)³ for the isotropic state. The free energy reduction was caused by transition of the nucleus formation mode from three‐dimensional folded chain nuclei to two‐dimensional bundle nuclei, in which chains lie down on the glass substrate, aligning parallel to the flow direction.     

Cross sections of the reactions16O(γ,x)13 N and16O (γ,x)11 C,and Yield of12C (γ, t) up to 55 MeV

Yield curves of the reactions¹⁶O (γ, x)¹¹C,¹⁶O (γ, x)¹³N and¹²C(γ, t) have been measured relative to¹²C(γ, n)¹¹C with bremsstrahlung. The cross section σ[¹⁶O(γ, x)¹¹C] has a shape similar to σ[¹⁶O(γ, t)] and shows a broad maximum near 38 MeV. Differences between σ[¹⁶O(γ, x)¹³ N] and σ[¹⁶O(γ, t)] point to a reaction mechanism via quadrupole absorption in¹⁶O. The yield of¹²C(γ, t) exceeds the¹⁶O(γ,t) yield by a factor of two.     

Neutron Relativistic Phenomenological and Microscopic Optical Potentials

The experimental data of the neutron total cross section σ_t,nonelastic cross section σ_non and elastic scattering angular distribution σ_el(θ) for ten target nuclei ranging from ¹²C to ²³⁸U with incident energies E_n=20—1000MeV were used to optimize the relativistic phenomenological optical potential (RPOP) through automatic search of the best parameters by computer.In addition,a relativistic microscopic optical potential (RMOP) based on Walecka model were also used to analyze the same data and compare with the RPOP.
Through comparison between these two kinds of relativistic optical potential hints in improving both the RMOP and RPOP is indicated.     

选择性1NEPT技术及其在FX—90Q仪器上的应用

本文介绍一种~1H—~(13)C远程极化转移的脉冲序列.在JEOL FX—90QNMR波谱仪上实现了这种技术.对一些典型化合物的测定表明,选择性非灵敏核的远程极化转移增强法(SEL1NEPT)在测定季碳原子和进行谱带归属中,是一个有力的工具.