电位法测定谷胱甘肽转移酶活性的研究

谷胱甘肽转移酶(GSTs)是生物体内一种重要的解毒酶,催化异源物与谷胱甘肽结合,有多种方法测定其活性,但都基于大分子产物。本实验基于H.Habig方法,探讨用氯离子选择电极,根据反应体系中Cl-浓度的变化来测定谷胱甘肽转移酶的活性。研究结果表明,利用透析膜包裹电极可以消除底物谷胱甘肽(GSH)对电极的干扰,生物反应体系中可能存在的离子、小分子(如Br-I、-、H2O2和Vc)对电极没有影响。此方法重现性良好,相对标准偏差为3.54%。     

基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法区分大肠杆菌糖基转移酶基因

采用高能碰撞诱导解离(CID)-负离子模式基质辅助激光解吸离子化-飞行时间质谱技术(MALDI TOF MS)区别efgD(大肠杆菌O152中O抗原基因簇内)编码的β-1,3-葡萄糖转移酶和wfgD(大肠杆菌O77中O抗原基因簇内)编码的α-1,3-甘露糖转移酶酶促反应产物-两个脂寡糖非对应异构体.结果表明:由高能CI...     

O-GlcNAc转移酶及其抑制剂

O-GlcNAc转移酶(OGT)是一种哺乳动物必需的酶,其将单个的N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(GlcNAc)以β-构型的O-糖苷键连接到蛋白质的丝氨酸和苏氨酸(Ser/Thr)羟基上.O-GlcNAc糖基化在细胞质和细胞核中广泛地存在,这种蛋白质的翻译后修饰对细胞内的许多信号通路具有调节作用,并与多种重大疾病的发生和发展密切相关.本文主要对OGT的结构、催化机制、活性测定方法和抑制剂的研究现状进行综述,并对研究前景进行展望.     

酶促合成2′,3′-双脱氧双脱氢-5-氟胞嘧啶核苷的研究

从瑞士乳酸杆菌Lactobacillus helveticus(ATCC8018)中提取了N-脱氧核苷转移酶进行催化合成抗病毒药物2′,3′-双脱氧双脱氢-5-氟胞嘧啶核苷(D-D4FC)的反应.考察了反应时间、反应液的pH值、缓冲液以及反应底物浓度对反应产率的影响.     

酶促合成2'',3''-双脱氧双脱氢-5-氟胞嘧啶核苷的研究

从瑞士乳酸杆菌Lactobacillus helveticus(ATCC8018)中提取了N-脱氧核苷转移酶进行催化合成抗病毒药物2',3'-双脱氧双脱氢-5-氟胞嘧啶核苷(D-D4F℃)的反应.考察了反应时间、反应液的pH值、缓冲液以及反应底物浓度对反应产率的影响.     

曼氏血吸虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Sm26/2的抗原肽研究

在计算机辅助下,应用Goldkey和PC-Gene程序,根据新报道的曼氏血吸虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Sm26/2的氨基酸序列,进行亲水性、柔韧性、可接近性、电荷分布和二级结构分析,预测出6个抗原肽,并用固相法进行了合成.经Dot-ELISA法测定,其中的2个对抗日本血吸虫免疫球蛋白多克隆抗体(抗-Sj-IgG-PcAb)显示出较好的抗原性,1个对抗血吸虫表膜单克隆抗体(A6McAb)显示出较好的抗原性,可作为抗血吸虫病合成多肽疫苗的候选肽段.     

生物功能化纳米SiO2 微球的构建及对谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的捕获分离

采用巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)一步水解法制备了表面带有巯基(-SH)的纳米SiO2微球(nSiO2-SH), 探讨了水/醇体积比、 反应温度、 MPS初始浓度及反应时间对nSiO2-SH微球形貌的影响, 并分析了反应机理. 制备的nSiO2-SH微球进一步与还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)中的-SH反应生成双硫键(-S-S-), 在微球表面键合上GSH分子, 得到了生物功能化的纳米nSiO2-GSH微球. 通过扫描电子显微(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和热重分析仪(TG)对样品的表面形貌、 尺寸和组成等进行了表征. 利用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS-PAGE)检测样品对谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)的分离效果, 结果表明, nSiO2-GSH微球能从混合蛋白中特异性吸附GST, 达到了分离GST的目的.     

一种S-腺苷甲硫氨酸依赖的甲基转移酶活性的检测方法

通过PCR扩增获得了S-腺苷-L-高半胱氨酸核苷酶(SAHN)和S-核糖基高半胱氨酸酶(SRHH)的基因序列, 克隆入表达载体, 转化宿主细胞, 表达纯化得到带有组氨酸标签的重组蛋白, 基于SAHN和SRHH重组酶建立了一种酶偶联分析S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(AdoMet)依赖的甲基转移酶活性的检测方法. 甲基转移酶的共同产物S-腺苷-L-高半胱氨酸(AdoHcy)首先被SAHN酶水解生成腺嘌呤和S-核苷高半胱氨酸, 后者进一步被SRHH酶裂解生成高半胱氨酸, 最后高半胱氨酸与Ellman's试剂反应生成5-硫代-2-硝基苯甲酸(TNB). 实验结果表明, 重组表达获取的2种酶蛋白均具有良好的催化活性, 酶偶联反应生成的TNB与初始AdoHcy浓度呈现显著的线性正相关. 该检测方法克服了S-腺苷甲硫氨酸依赖的甲基转移酶的共同产物AdoHcy的反馈抑制, 使甲基化反应进行完全, 从而保证了对甲基转移酶活性准确有效的定量分析.     

鼠源雌激素硫酸转移酶的结构模型研究

利用同源模建和分子动力学模拟方法搭建了鼠源雌激素硫酸转移酶的三维结构,并用Profile-3D和Prostat评估了模型的可靠性.鼠源雌激素硫酸转移酶的三维结构的提出对硫酸转移酶家族催化机理的深入研究提供了重要的参考信息.     

人类谷胱甘肽S-转移酶M1a-1a催化的亲核芳香取代反应的理论研究

利用分子力学和量子力学方法研究人类谷胱甘肽S-转移酶M1a-1a催化谷胱甘肽对1-氯-2,4二硝基苯(CDNB)的亲核芳香取代反应的细节.所获得的反应路径显示反应仅经历一个过渡态且能垒很低.电荷布居分析证明电子从谷胱甘肽基团流向二硝基苯,验证了反应的发生.计算结果表明活性位点3个残基(Tyr6,His107和Tyr115)参与了催化反应,尤其是His107,它在反应后期通过与产物形成氢键从而加速了Cl的释放.结果支持了Patskovsky等人提出的机理,并有助于其他谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的研究.     

Synthetic Studies on Sialoglycoconjugates 27: Synthesis of Sialyl-α(2→6)-Lewis X

ABSTRACT

Synthesis of a positional isomer of sialyl Lewis X with regard to the substitution of the terminal galactose residue of the pentasaccharide by N-acetylneuraminic acid is described. Dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate-promoted coupling of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-L-fucopyranosyl)-(1→3)-O-(2-acetamido-6-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→3)-O-(2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-ß-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-ß-D-glucopyranoside (1) with methyl O-(methyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonate)-(2→6)-2,4-di-O-benzoyl-3-O-benzyl-1-thio-ß-D-galactopyranoside (2) gave the desired hexasaccharide 3. Compound 3 was converted into the α-trichloro-acetimidate 6, via reductive removal of the benzyl groups, O-acetylation, removal of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl group, and treatment with trichloro-acetonitrile, which, on coupling with (2S, 3R, 4E)-2-azido-3-O-benzoyl-4-octadecene-1,3-diol (7), gave the ß-glycoside 8. Finally, 8 was transformed, via selective reduction of the azide group, coupling with octadecanoic acid, O-deacylation, and hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, into the title ganglioside 11 in good yield.     

Tomatoside a from the seeds ofLycopersicum esculentum

Results are given which confirm the structure of the furostanol glycoside from tomato seeds forming wastes of the preserving industry. From a butanolic extract of the seeds ofLycopersicum esculentum Mill. we have isolated the furostanol glycoside tomatoside A (I) the structure of which has been established as 25(S)-5α-furostan-3β,22α,26-triol 26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 3-O-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside]. At the same time, by enzymatic and chemical transformations three new spirostanol glycosides of neotigogenin have been obtained: tomatoside B (III), which is 25(S)-5α-spirostan-3β-ol 3-O-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside], 25(S)-5α-spirostan-3β-ol 3-O-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside] (V), and 25(S)-5α-spirostan-3β-ol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (IV).     

Steroid glycosides of the leaves of Yucca aloifolia

Two new steroid glycosides have been isolated from the leaves of aloe yucca and their structures have been established. Glycosides B and C are tigogenin penta-and hexaosides. Glycoside B, which we have called yuccaloeside B is (25R)-5α-spirostan-3β-ol 3-{[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside}, and glycoside C, which we have called yuccaloeside C is (25R)-5α-spirostan-3β-ol 3-{[(O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside}.     

Synthesis of Two Isomeric Tetrasaccharides 0-α-L-Fucopyranosyl-(1→3) and (1→4)-0-(2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-β-D-Glucopyranosyl)-(1→3)-0-(β-D-Galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-D-Glucopyranose and a Related Tetrasaccharide 0-α-L-Fucopyranosyl-(1→3)-0-(2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-0-(β-D-Galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-D-Glucopyranose

ABSTRACT

Synthesis of three tetrasaccharides, namely, 0-α-L-fucopyranosyl-(1→3)-0-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→3)-0-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranose (7), 0-α-L-fucopyranosyl-(1→4)-0-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→3)-0-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-D-glucopyranose (9), and 0-α-L-fucopyransoyl-(1→3)-0-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyransoyl)-(1→6)-0-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-D-glucopyranose (15) has been described. Their structures have been established by ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.     

Synthesis of two hyaluronan trisaccharides

[formula: see text] The synthesis of two hyaluronan trisaccharides, methyl O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1,3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1,4)-O-beta-D- glucopyranosiduronic acid and methyl O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1,4)-O-beta- D-glycopyranosyluronic acid)-(1,3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside, are described. Construction of the target molecules was achieved though a combination of the phenyl sulfoxide and trichloroacetimidate glycosylation methodologies. This is the first report on the synthesis of the beta-methyl derivatives, which represent the smallest fragments that incorporate all the structural features of polymeric hyaluronan.     

Combined Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of a Disialylated Tetrasaccharide Analogous to M and N Bloodgroup Determinants of Glycophorin a

Abstract

Reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-galactopyraaosyl bromide (1) with phenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-(4-methoxy-benzylidene)-α-D-galactopyranoside (3) mediated by mercuric salts, followed by removal of the 4-methoxybenzylidene group and O-deacylation afforded phenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-p-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (6). Compound 6 was used as a substrate for the selective introduction of two neuraminic acid residues with partially purified sialyltrans-ferase preparations. First, disaccharide 6 was treated with CMP-[¹⁴c]-NeuAc as donor substrate and CMP-NeuAc: Gal-p(l-3)-GalNac-a(2-3)sialyltransferase from human placenta to afford trisaccharide 7 (yield 85X), sialylated at C-3 of the galactose residue. Treatment of 7 with CMP-[³H]-NeuAc and a micro-somal fraction from regenerating rat liver, containing the CMP-NeuAc: NeuAc-a(2-3)-Gal-p(l-3)GalNAc-α(2-6) sialyltrans-ferase activity, gave the disialylated tetrasaccharide 8 in 10X yield.     

透明质酸三糖模拟物的高效合成

设计合成了2个透明质酸(HA)模拟物1和2, 通过最小基团MeO的引入修饰, 模拟天然HA片段的特性, 用于透明质酸合成酶(HAS)催化机理与抑制剂的研究.     

Synthesis of p-Trifluoroacetamidophenylethyl O-(2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-β-D-Galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-O-β-D- Galactopyanosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside,Containing the Trisaccharide Portion of the Asialo-GM2 Glycolipid

ABSTRACT

The p-trifluoroacetamidophenylethyl β-glycoside 9 of the trisaccharide O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-glucopyranose (gangliotriose, asialo-GM2) was synthesised. The key step was coupling of a suitably protected lactose derivative with a galactosamine thioglycoside derivative using sulfuryl chloride/trifluoromethanesulfonic acid activation.     

Steroid saponins and sapogenins ofAllium. XV. Eruboside B fromAllium erubescens

A new steroid glycoside of the spirostan series — eruboside B (I) — has been isolated from an ethanolic extract of the bulbs ofAllium erubescens C. Koh. In an acid hydrolysate, the aglycone β-chlorogenin (II) and the sugars D-glucose and D-galactose in a ratio of 3:1 have been found. By methylation, partial hydrolysis, and oxidation the structure of the spirostanol (I) has been established as (25R)-5α-spirostan-3β,6β-diol 3-O-{[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside}.     

Synthesis and conjugation of a sulfated disaccharide involved in the aggregation process of the marine sponge Microciona prolifera

The synthesis is reported of allyl (sodium 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl 3-sulfate)-(1→3)-α-l-fucopyranoside which represents an oligosaccharide fragment of the aggregation factor of the marine sponge Microciona prolifera. The title compound was obtained by coupling of 3-O-allyloxycarbonyl-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-2-phthalimido-β-d-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate with allyl 2,4-di-O-benzoyl-α-l-fucopyranoside, followed by de-isopropylidenation, acetylation, de-allyloxycarbonylation, sulfation, de-acylation, and finally N-acetylation. The allyl glycoside was eventually converted into a 3-(2-aminoethylthio)propyl glycoside and then coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) using diethyl squarate as the bivalent linker, yielding 8 hapten molecules per molecule of BSA.