(NH4)15[La(PMo9V2O39)2].6H2O 杂多配合物对苯酚羟化的催化作用

合成了(NH4)15[La(PMo9V2O39)2].6H2O杂多配合物, 并考察其对苯酚过氧化氢羟化反应的催化活性. 探讨了温度、催化剂用量、反应时间、 n(PhOH)/n(H2O2)摩尔比以及反应介质的pH值对反应的影响. 实验结果表明, 以甲醇为溶剂、 n(PhOH)/n(H2O2)=1∶2、反应体系的pH值为5左右、反应温度343 K、反应时间约4 h的条件下, 苯酚转化率可达44.30%, 对苯二酚产率达43.35%. 并采用ICP、 IR、 UV和XRD等技术, 对(NH4)15[La(PMo9V2O39)2].6H2O进行表征, 初步证实了(NH4)15[La(PMo9V2O39)2].6H2O具有Keggin结构.     

钛酸酯催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换反应的研究

用Ti(OBu)4、Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4和T(OPh)43种钛酸酯作催化剂,对碳酸二甲酯（DMC）与苯酯的酯交换反应进行了研究。以Ti(OBu)4为催化剂,对反应的热力学、原料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等工艺条件进行了考察 。实验表明,当DMC：苯酚：Ti(OBu)4(摩尔比）＝1.5:1:0.05、反应温度175℃、反应时间为25h时,酯交换反应基本上达到平衡,苯酚的转化率为47.4％,MPC的选择性为90.9%,DPC的选择性为9.14%.     

不同掺杂元素的钛基PbO2电极对苯酚电催化氧化性能的影响

本文在SnO2-Sb2O5氧化物为中间层的钛基体上,采用电沉积法制备了无掺杂的Ti/PbO2、掺杂F的Ti/PbO2(Ti/PbO2+F)和掺杂Co3O4纳米粒子的Ti/PbO2电极(Ti/PbO2+Nano-Co3O4).用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析和观察了电极材料的组成、结构和形貌,并通过电化学方法研究了这三种电极对苯酚的电催化氧化性能.结果表明,Ti/PbO2+F电极的析氧电位较Ti/PbO2电极的发生明显正移,但其苯酚的氧化峰和析氧峰并不能分开;而Ti/PbO2+Nano-Co3O4电极虽然其析氧电位负移,但对苯酚的氧化峰出现在析氧峰之前.这一结果表明,体系存在着某种反应特别快的瞬态中间体,即在水分子被解离之前已与苯酚发生了反应,从而更有利于苯酚的转化和降解.     

TiO2/BixTiyOz气相光催化降解苯的动力学模型及反应机理

在密闭不锈钢反应器内考察了TiO2/BixTjyOz催化剂气相光催化降解苯的性能.结果表明,TiO2负载于Bi12TiO20,Bi2Ti2O7和Bi4Ti3O12上制成的催化剂,光催化活性得到很人的提高,TiO2最佳负载量为2.0%;其中,TiO2/Bi12TiO20的光催化活性最高,苯最高转化率是纯TiO2的2倍,催化剂使用寿命也延长了1倍.在本文实验条件下,TiO2/Bi12TiO20上苯气相光催化降解符合Lang-muir-Hinshelwood动力学模型,光催化反应速率常数k和Langmuir吸附常数K分别为0.006 4mg/(L·min)和9.670 2L/mg.采用红外光谱对失活的催化剂进行表征,结果表明催化剂表面出现了羰基与羟基等的振动峰,同时检测到主要的中间产物是2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚,它吸附在催化剂表面活性化上而导致催化剂失活.最后推测了苯在催化剂表面气相光催化降解的反应机理.     

2-甲基-6-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)对苯二醌的合成

以邻甲基苯酚为原料,与1-氯-2-甲基-2-丁烯反应生成2-甲基-6-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)苯酚,然后催化氧化得到目标产物2-甲基-6-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)对苯二醌。该合成路线简单,易于操作,最终收率51%。     

硼族元素掺杂对K2La2Ti3O10光催化产氢性能的影响

通过溶胶.凝胶法制备了层状钙钛矿结构的K2La2Ti3O10及硼族元素掺杂的K2La2Ti3O10,采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)等对K2La2Ti3O10及硼族元素掺杂K2La2Ti3O10进行表征.以I-为电子给体、分别在紫外和可见光辐射下研究了K2La2Ti3O10及硼族元素掺杂K2La2Ti3O10光催化分解水的产氢活性;采用第一性原理,计算了硼族元素掺杂对K2La2Ti3O10半导体能带结构和态密度的影响.从电子结构的变化揭示了掺杂引起光催化活性差异的原因.研究结果表明,硼族元素的掺入能够改善和提高K2La2Ti3O10的光解水产氢活性;在B,Al,Ga,In与Ti的物质的量的比为0.01:1的情况下,K2La2Ti3O10紫外光催化分解水产氢速率分别为151.7、119.6、155和119.2 umol·L-1·h-1,比K2La2Ti3O10掺杂改性前产氢速率分别提高了166%、110%、172%和109%,可见光分解水的产氢速率为67.0、60.5、55.0和50.0umol·L-1·h-1,分别为K2La2Ti3O10掺杂改性前产氢速率的4、3.7、3.3和3倍.     

Ti-MCM-41催化剂的表面性质及介质极性对

用不同的铝源改性Ti MCM 41催化剂 ,得到了具有长程有序结构、n(Si) /n(Ti) =2 5的不同Si/Al比的改性Ti MCM 41.通过研究芳烃羟化反应随催化剂表面性质的变化规律发现 ,调变催化剂的表面性质 ,可控制反应物苯及目的产物苯酚与Al Ti MCM 41催化活性中心接近的程度 ,从而可实现对芳烃羟化反应化学选择性的控制 .介质极性对芳烃的化学亲和选择性也有影响 ,只有富含供电子氧原子且其极性大于苯的介质才有利于芳烃的羟化反应     

以N2O为氧化剂, Fe-P-O催化剂气相催化氧化苯制苯酚的研究

考察了应用N2O为氧化剂，FePO4、FePO4／SiO2、Fe0．5Al0.5PO4为催化剂气相催化氧化苯制苯酚的反应。在450℃下，FePO4催化剂上苯的转化率为2％，苯酚的选择性为85%；FePO4／SiO2(5％)催化剂上苯的转化率约为7％，苯酚的选择性为89％．Fe0．5Al0.5PO4催化剂可以使反应温度降低约100℃，350℃下反应苯的转化率为3．5％，苯酚的选择性为60％．分析表明，四面体结构的FeO4在该催化反应中具有重要的作用。     

阳极电沉积Ti/MnO2电极及其苯酚降解的电催化性能

应用阳极电沉积法制备钛基二氧化锰(Ti/MnO2)电极. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱（EDS）表征电极结构形貌. 用V~logi及苯酚降解实验优化电极制备工艺参数：在电流密度4 mA•cm-2、Mn2+离子浓度0.5 mol•L-1及温度70 ℃条件下阳极电沉积Ti/MnO2电极. 以苯酚为目标有机物,评价该电极电催化氧化性能,降解7h降解效率达49.6%.     

钛钨改性HMS的合成及催化氧化苯甲醇合成苯甲醛

通过改变硅钛摩尔比和硅钨摩尔比合成了Ti-HMS和Ti/W-HMS型分子筛,并进行了NH3-TPD测试分析. 结果表明,当n(Si)∶ n(Ti)=30∶ 1、n(Si)∶ n(W)=400∶ 1时,分子筛的酸量最大. 利用上述不同HMS为催化剂,ω(H2O2)=30%的H2O2水溶液为氧化剂,在无有机溶剂及相转移催化剂条件下,氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛. 结果表明,Ti/W-HMS可选择性氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛;催化剂的酸量和酸强度越大,越有利于提高催化活性和选择性. 利用Ti(30)/W(400)-HMS为催化剂,当n(醇)∶ n(H2O2)=1∶ 2、ω(催化剂)=4%、反应时间为5 h时,苯甲醇的转化率和苯甲醛的选择性分别为72.6%、96.9%. 催化剂重复使用4次后,苯甲醇的转化率和苯甲醛的选择性分别为63.2%、89.1%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

关于"对‘燃料电池物理及化学性能的有限时间热力学分析方法'的讨论”答复

把有限时间热力学理论用于化学过程的研究,将会得到一系列新的结论,开展这方面的研究是很有意义的.文献[1]以燃料电池为例,在同时考虑化学反应及传热不可逆性的情况下,研究了燃料电池的性能界限,文献[2]指出了文献[1]计算化学反应及传热不可逆性而引起系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的错误以及由此而导致的结论所存在的问题,并进行了富有启发性的分析与讨论.但文献[2]对于系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算也是不正确的,由此得到的其它结论自然不能成立.本文将就此情况下系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算再次进行讨论,并给出电池功率和效率的有限时间热力学性能界限.