Relationship of the Sequence Distribution of a Polymer to the Catalytic Activity of Its Nd Complex

The sequence distribution of the monomelic units in the styrene-acrylic acid copolymer has been obtained by calculation. The probability of long sequences of styrene increases with an increase in the content of the monomer in the copolymer. The highest distribution of short sequences of styrene takes place for the copolymer containing equimolecular amounts of styrene and acrylic acid. The copolymer which has this latter structure is inadequate for the synthesis of highly active supported complexes. When the distributions of long and short sequences of styrene are approximately equal, the activity of the Nd and Fe prepared polymer complexes is higher.     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的表征及其催化聚合共轭双烯的活性

本文采用含一定量功能团的直链碳氢共聚物作为载体,如苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(SAAC),苯乙烯-2-(甲基亚硫酰基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物(SMC)。介绍了这类聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的合成方法,讨论了它们的红外光谱。聚合物载体-钕络合物催化剂具有很高的催化活性和定向效应.SAAC·Nd 三元体系的催化效率高达170kg聚丁二烯/gNd·小时,SMC·NdCl_3 二元体系的催化效率是小分子氯化钕二甲基亚砜络合物 NdCl_3·4DMSO的 2—3倍。聚丁二烯顺式-1,4结构含量在 98％以上。体系也适用于异戊二烯的聚合,产物顺式-1,4含量在95％左右。     

POLYMER-SUPPORTED LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF BUTADIENE

The characteristics of styrene-acrylic acid copolymer supported lanthanide complexes (SAAC Ln) (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tin, Yb, and Lu) were described. A comparison of the activities of SAAC·Ln was made. It was found that in the polymerization of butadiene, a peak in activity appeared at Nd and Pr, Sin, Eu and the heavy lanthanides exhibited low or no activities. The effects of some factors on the activities were discussed. The microstructure of the polymers obtained with all the lanthanides in the series were the same and the content of cis-1, 4 polybutadiene attained was more than 98%.     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的研究 Ⅷ.聚合物载体-双金属络合物对丁二烯聚合的催化活性

研究了苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物载体-双金属络合物(SAAC·Nd·Na,SAAC·Nd·Fe)的合成以及由其组成的新型丁二烯聚合催化体系.发现在双金属络合物中Nd与游离的-COOH功能团的摩尔比较小时体系的催化活性最佳.对于SAAC·Nd·Fe体系,随着Fe含量的增加活性逐渐下降.对于SAAC·Nd·Na体系,无论Na含量多少都有着促进活性提高的作用,只是在Nd/-COOH摩尔比较小时活性提高较大.此外,初步考察了在邻啡绕啉存在下SAAC·Nd·Fe体系聚合丁二烯的活性以及所得产物的微观结构与络合物SAAC·Nd·Fe中Fe的含量关系.     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的研究 Ⅷ.聚合物载体-双金属络合物对丁二烯聚合的催化活性

 研究了苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物载体-双金属络合物(SAAC·Nd·Na,SAAC·Nd·Fe)的合成以及由其组成的新型丁二烯聚合催化体系.发现在双金属络合物中Nd与游离的-COOH功能团的摩尔比较小时体系的催化活性最佳.对于SAAC·Nd·Fe体系,随着Fe含量的增加活性逐渐下降.对于SAAC·Nd·Na体系,无论Na含量多少都有着促进活性提高的作用,只是在Nd/-COOH摩尔比较小时活性提高较大.此外,初步考察了在邻啡绕啉存在下SAAC·Nd·Fe体系聚合丁二烯的活性以及所得产物的微观结构与络合物SAAC·Nd·Fe中Fe的含量关系.     

Fe_2O_3／ZrO_2催化剂上一氧化碳加氢反应制低碳烯烃──I．催化剂反应性能及反应过程中铁物相的变化

用浸渍法制得一系列不同铁负载量的Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２催化剂，应用催化反应评价结合穆斯堡尔谱对催化剂的ＣＯ加氢反应性能、催化剂活性相结构及催化剂铁物种在合成气反应过程中的物相变化进行了研究．结果表明，铁负载量的大小对于Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２催化剂的Ｆ－Ｔ反应催化性能有很大影响，铁负载量适当时，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２催化剂铁锆间适当的强相互作用使得催化剂在保持较高催化活性的同时高选择性地生成低碳烯烃，产物分布偏离Ｓｃｈｕｌｚ－Ｆｌｏｒｙ分布规律．     

Influence of the ligand structure on the properties of bidentate salicylaldimine nickel(II) complexes in ethylene oligomerization

Three nickel(II) complexes (C1–C3) bearing diamine-bridged 4-hydroxysalicylaldehyde ligands (L1–L3) were successfully synthesized, and all the compounds were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The influence of the oligomerization parameters on the catalytic properties of complex C2 was systematically investigated. The results showed that oligomerization parameters played an important role in the catalytic properties and the catalytic activity was 19.90?×?10⁴ g/(mol·Ni·h) and the selectivity of C₈₊ olefins was 60.25% when the precatalyst dosage was 5 μmol, the Al/Ni molar ratio was 500, the temperature was 25 °C, the reaction time was 30 min and the pressure of ethylene was 0.7 MPa. Complexes C1–C3 with different lengths of the bridged group were evaluated for ethylene oligomerization, and the results showed that the length of the alkyl chain in the ligand had little influence on the catalytic properties. Complex C4 based on ethanediamine-bridged salicylaldimine and C5 based on the hyperbranched salicylaldimine in our previous work were also investigated to study the influence of the ligand structure on the catalytic properties. The catalytic activity [31.80?×?10⁴ g/(mol·Ni·h)] and the content of the low-carbon oligomers (70.16%) for complex C4 were higher than complex C2 with hydroxyl substituent in benzene ring. The catalytic activity and the content of the low carbon oligomers for complex C5 were far higher than other four complexes.

     

一种新型双亚胺吡啶铁系催化剂的乙烯低聚研究

线性α 烯烃广泛地应用于洗涤剂、增塑剂、润滑油等精细化学品的合成以及作为共单体制备线性低密度聚乙烯 (ＬＬＤＰＥ) .目前工业上主要是应用ＳＨＯＰ法[1] 、Ｃｈｅｖｒｏｎ工艺和Ａｍｏｃｏ工艺[2 ] 通过乙烯低聚制备 .近些年发展起来的新型高活性后过渡金属乙烯低聚催化剂能够高选择性地制备线性α 烯烃[3 ,4] .Ｂｒｏｏｋｈａｒｔ等[4] 的研究表明 ,对于双亚胺吡啶铁系乙烯聚合催化剂而言 ,配体上苯基的邻位取代基位阻减小可以实现乙烯低聚 ,并具有高活性、高选择性以及理想的低聚产物分布 .本文的工作是从配体的空间位阻效应对催化剂…     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的研究Ⅱ.在聚合物载体-钕络合物催化体系下丁二烯的定向聚合

本文介绍了由苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物载体-钕络合物组成的新型丁二烯定向聚合催化体系SAAC·Nd-Al(C_2H_5)_2Cl-Al(i-C_4H_9)_3,研究了该体系的组分、组分比对体系活性的影响,考察了不同烷基铝、聚合物载体-钕络合物的表征参数与催化活性的关系。该体系有良好的活性和定向效应。聚丁二烯的顺式-1,4结构含量高达98％。     

双核水杨醛亚胺铁系催化剂的合成及对乙烯齐聚催化性能的研究

以1.0代(1.0G)树枝状大分子、水杨醛和FeCl_2·4H_2O为原料,依次经过希夫碱反应和络合反应合成了一种双核水杨醛亚胺铁系催化剂。FT-IR、1 H NMR、UV和MS证实合成产物的结构与理论结构相符。以甲基铝氧烷(MAO)为助催化剂,考察了溶剂种类、反应温度、反应压力、Al/Fe摩尔比及金属活性中心种类对催化体系催化乙烯齐聚性能的影响。结果表明,当以甲苯为溶剂,聚合时间为30min,反应温度为15℃、反应压力为0.5MPa、Al/Fe摩尔比为1000时,该双核水杨醛亚胺铁系催化剂的活性可达1.14×10~5g/(mol Fe·h),齐聚产物中C_4及C_6烯烃含量高达90%以上。     

不同结构二元羧酸改性棉纤维铁配合物的制备和光催化性能

分别使用3种不同结构的二元羧酸[酒石酸(TA)、 苹果酸(MA)和丁二酸(SA)]对棉纤维改性引入羧基并与Fe ³⁺离子反应制备羧酸改性棉纤维铁配合物, 考察了二元羧酸结构和浓度对改性棉纤维的羧基含量(Q_COOH)及其铁配合物的铁配合量(Q_Fe)的影响. 研究了3种羧酸改性棉纤维铁配合物作为有机染料氧化降解反应和Cr(Ⅵ)还原反应光催化剂的性能. 结果表明, 改性棉纤维的Q_COOH值随羧酸浓度的增加而增加. 不含羟基的SA比2种羟基羧酸TA和MA能给棉纤维引入更多羧基, 而2种羟基羧酸改性棉纤维铁配合物则具有更高的Q_Fe值. 3种羧酸改性棉纤维铁配合物对染料氧化降解反应和Cr(Ⅵ)还原反应都表现出显著的光催化作用, 且随其Q_Fe和辐射光强度的提高而增强. TA改性棉纤维铁配合物比其它2种配合物具有更高的光催化活性. 3种配合物不但能将Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ)离子, 而且还能将其部分吸附去除, MA改性棉纤维铁配合物具有较高的铬离子去除效率.     

曲克芦丁钯配合物的制备及其对Heck反应的催化性能

制备了曲克芦丁钯配合物,利用红外光谱和紫外光谱表征了配合物的结构;同时考察了其对溴苯和丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应的催化性能.结果表明:在反应物的物质的量之比(溴苯与丙烯酸)为1:2、反应温度120℃、反应时间8 h、三正丁胺为碱、四丁基溴化铵为溶剂的条件下,曲克芦丁钯配合物对溴苯和丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应有较好的催化...     

Synthesis and application of chromium complexes bearing hyperbranched PNP ligands in the ethylene oligomerization

Series of hyperbranched PNP ligands ( L1 – L3 ) were prepared using three low-generation hyperbranched molecules with the same branching chains and functional groups but different alkyl chain length as backbones in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and dichloromethane. The chromium complexes ( Cr1 – Cr3 ) were obtained by reacting with CrCl₃(THF)₃ and the corresponding ligands ( L1 – L3 ). Both L1 – L3 and Cr1 – Cr3 were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared and electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry as well as ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ³¹P NMR measurements in the case of the ligands. When activated with different aluminum co-catalysts, all three chromium complexes were able to catalyze the ethylene oligomerization, but the products of the ethylene oligomerization were mainly dependent on ethylene pressure, co-catalyst and ligand backbone. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane, the catalytic activity and the selectivity of C8 olefin increased with increasing of ethylene pressure for Cr1 , the catalytic activity was 13.83 × 10⁵ g·(mol Cr·h)⁻¹ and the main product was C8 olefin (50.68%) at the ethylene pressure of 4.0 MPa. When activated with diethylaluminium chloride, ethylaluminium dichloride and ethylaluminum sesquichloride, Cr1 showed the lower catalytic activity and the higher selectivity of C4 olefin in toluene. An increase in the length of alkyl chain in the hyperbranched PNP ligand backbone caused a decrease in the catalytic activity and an increase in the selectivity of C8 + olefin. The PNP chromium complexes exhibited higher selectivity for higher carbon number olefins compared with the dendritic PNP chromium complex ( Cr5 ).     

Ionic Liquids as Precursors for Efficient Mesoporous Iron‐Nitrogen‐Doped Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts

A ferrocene‐based ionic liquid (Fe‐IL) is used as a metal‐containing feedstock with a nitrogen‐enriched ionic liquid (N‐IL) as a compatible nitrogen content modulator to prepare a novel type of non‐precious‐metal–nitrogen–carbon (M‐N‐C) catalysts, which feature ordered mesoporous structure consisting of uniform iron oxide nanoparticles embedded into N‐enriched carbons. The catalyst Fe¹⁰@NOMC exhibits comparable catalytic activity but superior long‐term stability to 20 wt % Pt/C for ORR with four‐electron transfer pathway under alkaline conditions. Such outstanding catalytic performance is ascribed to the populated Fe (Fe₃O₄) and N (N2) active sites with synergetic chemical coupling as well as the ordered mesoporous structure and high surface area endowed by both the versatile precursors and the synthetic strategy, which also open new avenues for the development of M‐N‐C catalytic materials.     

Highly loaded and thermally stable Cu-containing mesoporous silica-active catalyst for the NO + CO reaction

We report the synthesis of a highly loaded and thermally stable Cu-containing mesoporous silica, which was developed by making use of poly(acrylic acid) (Pac) assembled with surfactant (C(16)TAB), as template. On this backbone, TEOS and Cu(II) hydrolysis takes place leading to the development of the final mesostructure. Poly(acrylic acid) is used not only as a micelle structural component but also as a complexation agent for Cu(II) species resulting in high metal loading and increased thermal stability of the mesoporous network. The original uncalcined material possesses hexagonal ordering, while upon calcination it is transformed into a wormlike mesoporous network with metal loading >14 wt % Cu. An evaluation of its performance as heterogeneous catalyst in NO reduction by CO shows catalytic activity comparable with that of noble metal catalysts. Complete NO conversion, with >90% selectivity to N(2), was achieved between 190 and 200 degrees C. The material retained its structure and catalytic activity after 24-h testing at the maximum catalytic conversion of NO and CO.     

Characterization of Polymer-Supported Rare-Earth Metal Complexes and Their Catalytic Behavior in Polymerization of Conjugated Dienes

The polymerization and catalytic behavior of catalyst systems composed of polymer-supported rare-earth metals were investigated. The catalyst systems show high catalytic activity and stereospecificity for butadiene polymerization. The catalytic efficiency for SMC (styrene-2-(methylsul-finyl)ethyl methacrylate copolymer).NdCl_3-Al(i-C₄H₉)₃ system is twice or three times that of the NdCl₃.4DMSO system. The activity of the ternary system SAAC (styrene-acrylic acid copolymer).Nd-Ph₃CCl-Al(i-C₄H₉)₃ was up to 170 kg polybutadiene/(g Nd-h). The cis-1,4 content of polybutadiene was more than 98%. This system was also used for isoprene polymerization. The cis-1,4 content of the polyisoprene obtained was about 96%     

The Promoting Effect on the Activities of Fe Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts

IntroductionPhotocatalytic techno1ogy used for water, air, and wastewater treatments has been anarea having a rapidly growing interest to many researchers since Fujishima and Honda foundthe photo-electricity catalytic degradation effect of water at a n-semiconductor TiO2 electrodein 1972[1--6J. It has been proved that TiO2 is a benchmark semiconductor for the effectivedegradation of organic polutants['J. The production of the electron-hole pairs of photo-excita-tion and their transfer to ch…     

Synthesis of polyphenol microsphere‐supported palladium complex and evaluation of its catalytic performance for Heck reaction

Polyphenol microspheres were prepared by template polymerization of phenol in the presence of horseradish peroxidase as bio‐enzyme catalyst and aqueous 1,4‐dioxane as solvent. The morphology of polyphenol microspheres thus obtained was observed with a scanning electron microscope. Further, polyphenol microspheres as obtained were loaded with palladium to generate polyphenol microsphere‐supported Pd complex. Resultant Pd complex catalyst supported by polyphenol microspheres was characterized by means of Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and its thermal stability was examined. Moreover, the catalytic activity of polyphenol microsphere‐supported Pd catalyst as synthesized for the Heck reactions of acrylic acid with aryl iodides was evaluated. Results indicate that the polyphenol microsphere as obtained has a diameter of about 500 nm. Polyphenol microsphere‐supported Pd catalyst, as synthesized, at a dosage of 0.37 mol% Pd, possesses good catalytic activity for the Heck reactions of acrylic acid with aryl iodides in air at a low temperature of 50°C, and it also exhibits catalytic activity for bromide and activated chlorobenzene. The polyphenol microsphere‐supported Pd complex has good thermal stability, and it can be readily separated and reused; the yield of the reaction of iodobenzene with acrylic acid remains at 82% after five recycle runs, showing promising potential as a catalyst for Heck reactions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乙二胺功能化树脂负载Pd(0)配合物：可重复使用的高活性Heck芳基化催化剂

The ethylenediamine-functionalized resin-supported Pd(0)complex was prepared from PdCl_2 and ethylenedia-mine-functionalized chloromethylated polystyrene,followed by reduction with KBH_4.The complex was character-ized by FT-IR,XRD,BET,SEM and EDS.The resin-supported catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity in theHeck reaction and could be reused up to 17 times in NMP or 16 times in DMF at 90 ℃ in the Heck reaction of io-dobenzene with acrylic acid.The leaching investigation disclosed that the palladium leaching was caused by the in-teraction of iodobenzene with the metal Pd(0)on supported catalyst.The leached palladium species in filtrate wasvery stable and could be reused five times after the solid catalyst was filtered off.A cross-transfer test in recyclingin the presence of additional carbon disclosed that the soluble leached palladium species had much higher catalyticactivity than supported and/or adsorbed palladium in solid-solution heterogeneous Heck reaction.     

含骨架铁ZSM-5的合成及其负载Pt催化剂在正十二烷脱氢反应中的催化性能

采用水热合成法使铁进入分子筛MFI骨架结构,成功合成出含骨架铁的分子筛Na-[Fe]-ZSM-5,并通过离子交换法负载Pt制备脱氢催化剂Pt/Na-[Fe]-ZSM-5。通过正十二烷脱氢反应,研究了该催化剂对长链烷烃脱氢制单烯烃反应的催化性能。采用N2吸附-脱附测试、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、吡啶吸附的红外光谱(Py-IR)、CO化学吸附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等不同方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,通过控制骨架铁含量可调控催化剂表面酸性;含骨架铁的ZSM-5分子筛载体具有抑制负载金属晶粒长大,保持金属高分散度的作用;其负载铂催化剂Pt/Na-[Fe]ZSM-5-50具有表面弱酸中心(0.69 mmol·g^-1)和高分散Pt中心,因而具有良好的长链烷烃脱氢活性、稳定性和单烯烃选择;在转化率稳定在~20%时,TOF为4.56 s^-1,单烯烃选择性为92.7%;在实验范围内,Pt/Na-[Fe]ZSM-5催化剂表面弱酸量和脱氢反应的本征活性(TOF)均随催化剂铁含量的增加而增加。