SO4^2—／TiO2,PO4^3—／TiO2,BO3^3—／TiO2系列固体酸的酸性,结构和晶 …

制备了ＳＯ４＾２－／ＴｉＯ２（Ｉ）、ＰＯ４＾３－／ＴｉＯ２（Ⅱ）、ＢＯ３＾３－／ＴｉＯ２（Ⅲ）系列固体酸。用ＩＲ、Ｒａｍａｎ光谱对该系列固体酸进行结构表征,结果表明ＳＯ４＾２－与ＴｉＯ２表面的结合为螯合式双配位结构和共价硫酸盐共存,ＰＯ４＾３－与ＴｉＯ２表面的结合为桥式三配位结构,ＢＯ３＾３－与ＴｉＯ２表面的结合为单齿单配位结构和螯桥混合式三配位结构共享。用由溶液中正胺的吸附等温线测定固体表面酸度     

SO_4~（2－）／TiO_2和SO_4~（2－）／Fe_2O_3固体超强酸研究

用ＸＲＤ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ、ＳＥＭ和化学分析等手段研究了浸渍Ｈ_２ＳＯ_４的无定形ＴｉＯ２和Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３在焙烧过程中的晶化、相变、失水及失硫情况，总结出ＳＯ４２－／ＭｘＯｙ型固体超强酸具有与ＳＯ４２－／ＺｒＯ２体系相同的形成规律；用ＩＲ光谱和常温正戊烷异构化反应对ＳＯ４２－／ＴｉＯ２和ＳＯ４２－／Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３的超强酸性进行了表征，表明它们与／ＺｒＯ_２体系具有相似的表面酸位结构，无水状态主要为Ｌ酸位，吸水后部分Ｌ酸位可转变为Ｂ酸位，但这两种体系的超强酸性均比ＳＯ４２－／ＺｒＯ_２弱，其Ｈ０大约在－１３～－１４之间．     

添加非金属元素Si对固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2的改性研究

采用共沉淀法引入Ｓｉ对ＳＯ２－４／ＴｉＯ２进行改性，制得了ＳＯ２－４／Ｔｉ－Ｓｉ－Ｏ系列固体超强酸，试样经ＩＲ、ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ表征和低温正戊烷异构化活性测试，发现超强酸中心是硫酸根离子与金属原子Ｔｉ结合形成的双配位螯合结构，在超强酸性的样品中ＴｉＯ２均呈锐钛矿晶型。引入Ｓｉ仅迟滞ＴｉＯ２晶化过程，控制Ｓｉ在ＳＯ２－４／Ｔｉ－Ｓｉ－Ｏ体系中的含量可以有效调节固体超强酸的酸性，并提高正戊烷异构化反应的选择性。     

Co－Mo／TiO_2和C0－M0／γ－Al_2O_3加氢脱硫催化剂的研究

本文考察了ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ３和ＣｏＭｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的加氢脱硫性能及表面结构变化和预处理条件对其活性的影响．担体ＴｉＯ２（Ａ）和ＴｉＯ２（Ｂ）分别采用ＴｉＣｌ４中和法和ＴｉＯＳＯ４水解法制备．结果表明，催化剂的活性顺序为ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２（Ａ）＞ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２（Ｂ）＞ＣｏＭｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的预处理条件对催化剂的加氢脱硫（ＨＤＳ）和加氢（ＨＹＤ）活性有很大影响，ＴｉＯ２担体上Ｍｏ物种主要以八面体配位构型存在，Ｍｏ６＋更易于还原成低价态．     

WO_3在TiO_2／γ－Al_2O_3和在TiO_2／SiO_2复合载体表面的分散状态和最大分散量

ＷＯ_３在ＴｉＯ_２／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３和在ＴｉＯ_２／ＳｉＯ_２复合载体表面的分散状态和最大分散量邓存，陈巧平（宁德师范专科学校化学系，宁德３５２１００）刘英骏（北京大学物理化学研究所，北京１００８７１）关键词ＷＯ_３／（ＴｉＯ_２／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３）催化...     

SO_4~（2－）－TiO_2－Hβ－Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及催化性能研究

以Ｈβ沸石为基础，通过ＴｉＯ_２改性及硫酸铵处理制备了ＳＯ－ＴｉＯ_２－Ｈβ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂，并由ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、ＮＨ_３－ＴＰＤ、ＦＴＩＲ及化学吸附等手段考察了不同焙烧温度对该催化剂表面性质、酸性及催化性能的影响。结果表明：适宜的焙烧温度使ＳＯ－ＴｉＯ２－Ｈβ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的酸量大幅度增加，强酸比例增大，并产生部分增强酸中心。高强度的酸性中心中，以Ｌ酸中心为主；５５０℃焙烧的样品能使沸石表面上ＳＯ与ＴｉＯ_２间发生较强的相互作用，高温焙烧则使浓度下降；该催化剂明显促进了丙烯与异丙醇的醚化反应，丙烯转化率由８．０％增高到１５．９％。关键词     

添加非金属元素Si对固体超强酸SO^2—4／TiO2的改性研究

采用共沉淀法引入Ｓｉ对ＳＯ＾２－４／ＴｉＯ２进行改性，制得了ＳＯ＾２－４／Ｔｉ－Ｓｉ－Ｏ系列固体超强酸，试样经ＩＲ，ＳＥＭ，ＸＲＤ表征和低温正戊烷异构化活性测试，发现超强酸中心是硫酸根离子与金属原子Ｔｉ结合形成的双配位螯全结构，在超强酸性的榈中ＴｉＯ２均呈锐钛矿晶型。     

CoMo／Al_2O_3和CoMo／TiO_2－Al_2O_3加氢脱硫催化剂的研

研究了ＣｏＭｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的加氢脱硫性能，并用ＬＲＳ，ＸＲＤ和ＴＰＳ等方法表征其表面相结构和硫化行为．结果表明，以ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３为担体的Ｍｏ和ＣｏＭｏ催化剂的活性均比相应的Ａｌ２Ｏ３为担体的高；少量Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ助剂的引入可显著提高ＭｏＯ３在担体上的分散度和改进催化剂的活性；Ｃｏ助剂还有降低Ｍｏ物种硫化温度的作用．     

纳米复合固体超强酸SO42-/CoFe2O4的制备和表征

采用纳米化学制备技术合成了新型的纳米复合团体超强酸催化剂ＳＯ４２－／ＣｏＦｅ２Ｏ４。用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ、ＸＰＳ、红 外光谱和比表面测定等技术研究了该催化剂的结构形态,结果表明：所研制的ＳＯ４２－／ＣｏＦｅ２Ｏ４催化剂为晶态纳 米粒子（＜ ５０ｎｍ）,比表面积很大（１５７ｍ２· ｇ－１）,ＳＯ４２－与氧化物的金属离子呈无机双齿螯合状配位化合物的结 合形式。以乙酸乙酯合成为模型反应考察了该催化剂的催化活性,比较了酸性和酸强度,推断出该催化剂的酸 强度Ｈ０＜－１４．５。     

CO_2在TiO_2薄膜修饰p／p~＋－Si电极上的光电化学还原

ＣＯ_２在ＴｉＯ_２薄膜修饰ｐ／ｐ~＋－Ｓｉ电极上的光电化学还原魏培海，祁学永淳于宝珠（山东教育学院化学系济南２５００１３）（山东大学化学系济南）关键词二氧化碳，ＴｉＯ_２薄膜，光电化学，ｐ／Ｐ~＋－Ｓｉ电极在半导体电极表面实现ＣＯ２的光电化学还原，可获?..     

稀土超强酸SO42-/TiO2-Nd2O3催化合成环己烯

环己烯是重要的一种有机合成中间体,具有活泼的双键,作为有机化工原料,可广泛应用于医药、农药、农用化学品、饲料添加剂、聚酯和其他精细化学品的生产。人们曾对环己醇脱水制环己烯反应使用过多种酸性催化剂及固体催化剂,固体超强酸就是其中之一,虽然已有许多关于固体超强酸应     

Catalysis of SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 nanometer solid superacid

Superacid catalyst SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 was applied in esterification of Acetic Acid and Butanol. The particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst was about 12.5 nm. In catalyst preparation conditions, the effect factor order on catalytic activity is H2SO4 concentration ＞ calcination temperature ＞ ZrO2 supported content. The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. The catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%.SO42-/MxOy solid superacid is a kind of green catalyst, whose application perspective is bright. In this paper, SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 solid superacid was prepared with nanometer compound carrying method. The acidic strength of catalysts was measured with the following Hammett indicators, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (H0=-14.52) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (H0=-12.70). Catalytic activity was evaluated with esterification reaction of Acetic Acid and Butanol. Reaction temperature was at 105℃, and reaction time was only 1h. The conversion rate of Acetic Acid was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC-14C SHIMADZU in Japan)The experimental results showed that H2SO4 concentration had more influences on catalytic activity than other two factors, calcination temperature and ZrO2 supported content. Since sulfur absorbed on the surface of metal oxides is necessary to the acidity of SO42-/MxOy solid superacid,H2SO4 concentration in impregnation solution is needed enough high. But, it can't be too much high,otherwise, Zirconium sulfate formed on the catalyst surface will be harmful influences on catalytic activity. In researched cover, 0.5mol/L H2SO4 concentration is the most suitable, and the catalyst prepared with this concentration has very strong acidity.The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. In the catalyst prepared with above conditions, the acidic strength (H0) of the catalyst is smaller than ＜-14.52, and catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%. When it was re-used in esterification reaction, catalytic activity decreased gradually with re-used times increasing(seen in Table 1). But after catalyst is used repeatedly up to five times, catalytic activity (84.3 vol %)is still higher than that of H2SO4 catalyst.The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that ZrO2 supported in TiO2 belonged tetragonal zirconia phases. Through the calculation of Scherrer formula, the particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst is about 12.5 nm. After SO42- promoted nanometer ZrO2/TiO2 compound carrier, the diffraction peaks of tetragonal zircoma become broader and the strength weaker. It shows that adding SO4 ions restrains the crystallization of ZrO2, diminishes the size of particles. This might be why SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 has high catalytic activity and stability in acidic catalysis reaction.     

Preparation and Catalytic Activity of SO42-/TiO-La2O3 in Synthesis of Butyl Butyrate

Butyl butyrate is a very important compound, which is transparent liquid and has the pear,apple flavor. Natural exist is in the fruit, such as apple, pear, banana, grape and strawberry, etc.Primarily used for to prepare the edible spice and is also widely used in industrial intermediate product, solvent and synthetic perfumery. Until now, there are many methods to synthesize it.Conventionally H2SO4 was reported, but it causes many problems, such as the erosion of equipment,easily causes the vice-reaction, difficulty for after-treatment, environment pollution etc. A new environmentally friendly catalyst, SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was prepared. And catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol with SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 as catalyst has been no report up to now. Therefore, studying on the synthetic catalyst has theoretical and practical significances. The catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol was measured.In this paper, we fast reported the preparation of SO42-/riO2-La2O3 and discussed the factors influencing the synthesis catalyst. The catalyst rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was The precipitate was filtered and washed thoroughly with distilled water until chloride ions were free.furnace at 480 ℃ for 3 h, and finally stored in a desiccator until use.The factors influencing the synthesis were discussed and the best conditions were found out. The experiment indicated that this catalyst has the following advantage. The amount of catalyst was little and getting high yield, its product has a good quanlity and is favour of reducing erosion of equipment, avoiding environment pollution. The optimum conditions are: molar ratio of n-butanoic acid to n-butyl alcohol was 1:1.5, the quantity of catalyst was equal to 1.5% of feed stocks, the reaction temperature was 93-114 ℃, and the reaction time was 1.0 h. Rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 is an excellent catalyst for synthetizing butyl butyrate and its yield can reach over 90.0%.A good catalyst should be able to be used repeatedly. The reusing of the catalyst was studied. We found that the catalytic activities of our catalyst are almost unchanged after it had been used five times. From the above results and discussion, we can see that the synthesis of n-butyl butyrate by SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 instead of H2SO4 has a great prospect of application. It has a good applied foreground.     

制备工艺条件对SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-Al固体酸催化剂性能影响

采用铝阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3-Al-体型多孔氧化铝载体,再采用电沉积技术将TiO2沉积到氧化铝多孔的纳米孔道内,制备了催化精馏专用SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-Al型固体酸催化剂,并以乙酸乙酯合成为模型反应,考察了水封条件,电沉积电压、电沉积时间等制备工艺条件对催化剂活性的影响.实验结果表明,适宜的制备条件为水封温度为50℃,水封时间为1 h,电沉积电压为6V,电沉积时间为30 min,在此制备条件下,醋酸转化率为31.34%.采用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射分析(XRD)手段对所制备催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:阳极氧化铝膜的结构为无定型结构,TiO2在载体上呈高度分散状态.     

SO42-/TiO2-WO3光催化氧化邻硝基苯酚

采用不同浓度的硫酸溶液浸渍处理TiO2-WO3,制得不同SO42-/TiO2-WO3光催化剂.考察了光催化剂对邻硝基苯酚溶液的光催化行为.发现SO42-/TiO2-WO3的光催化活性高于TiO2-WO3的光催化活性,浸渍液中H2SO4的浓度对SO42-/TiO2的催化活性有一定的影响,H2SO4溶液的最佳浓度为0.2 mol/L,最佳焙烧温度为550℃.最佳WO3的掺杂量w(WO3)为3%.催化降解过程符合一级动力学规律.     

Al促进SO~4^2^-/M~xO~y(M=Zr, Ti, Fe)固体强酸的研究

合成与表征了三个系列的Al促进固体强酸样品,并研究了对甲苯的苯甲酰化反应性能.实验表明,SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2,SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2和SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O_3中引入适量的Al_2O_3,有助于稳定样品表面的含硫物种,增加样品表面的有效酸位,提高样品的强酸性和对甲苯的苯甲酰化的反应活性.NH_3吸附微量热结果表明,Al促进样品的强酸性和催化活性的显著提高是由于样品表面的酸位强度分布发生了变化,有利于正丁烷异构化反应和苯甲酰化反应的中强酸位和强酸位的酸量显著增加.     

Acetalation and Ketalation Catalyzed by SO42-/TiO2-MoO3

The catalytic activities of SO42-/TiO2-MoO3 in synthesizing cyclohexanone ethylene ketal,cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane,2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane, butanone ethy-lene ketal and butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal were reported. It has been demonstrated that SO42-/TiO2-MoO3 is an excellent catalyst. Various factors concerned in this reaction have been investigated. The optimum conditions have been found, that is, the molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to alcohol was 1:1.5 or 1:1.3,the mass ratio of the catalyst used to the reactants was 0.25～1.5%, and the reaction time was 45～60 min. Under this conditions, the yield of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal is 82.7%, cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 83.4%, the yield of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane is 68.1%,4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 87.5%, the yield of 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 70.7%,4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 82.5%, the yield of butanone ethylene ketal is 74.1%, and butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 94.9%.Some equation and experiment results concerned of the synthetic acetals or ketals were listed as follows.     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)-MoO_3-TiO_2的制备及其催化酯化性能研究

ＳＯ2 -4 ＭｘＯｙ 型固体超强酸自问世以来一直受到人们的广泛关注 ,已对其进行了大量的研究。该类催化剂的酸强度高 ,在烷基化、酰基化、裂解、醇脱水、异构化、酯化等反应中有很高的催化活性。最常用的氧化物基体是ＺｒＯ2 和ＴｉＯ2 ,最好的促进剂是ＳＯ2 -4 。也有用ＭｏＯ3作促进剂的[1～3] ,得到相应的超强酸催化剂。作者在ＳＯ2 -4 ＴｉＯ2 超强酸的基础上 ,将ＭｏＯ3和ＳＯ2 -4 同时负载在ＴｉＯ2基体上 ,得到ＳＯ2 -4 ＭｏＯ3 ＴｉＯ2 固体超强酸 ,以乙酸异戊酯的合成为探针反应考察了该催化剂的催化酯化活性 ,并与ＳＯ2 -4 …