我国的宇宙线物理研究六十年

为纪念宇宙线物理诞生100周年,文章介绍了中国的几位老一辈的物理学家在宇宙线和粒子物理研究中曾做出的卓越贡献,回顾了中国60年来,特别是最初阶段,新中国的宇宙线研究的发展历程,对研究的不同阶段取得的成果举例做了介绍．     

我国的宇宙线物理研究六十年

为纪念宇宙线物理诞生100周年,文章介绍了中国的几位老一辈的物理学家在宇宙线和粒子物理研究中曾做出的卓越贡献,回顾了中国60年来,特别是最初阶段,新中国的宇宙线研究的发展历程,对研究的不同阶段取得的成果举例做了介绍.     

Applied nuclear physics at Yerevan Physics Institute

A number of areas of development of applied studies at the Yerevan Physics Institute (YerPhI) are viewed. The main area is research into possibilities to produce radio nuclides for nuclear medicine on the linear accelerator of electrons at YerPhI. We consider also the methods for employment of neutron beams obtained from photonuclear reactions for boron-capture neutron therapy and for nondestructive detection of fission materials.     

My 50 years of research in particle physics

Some of my work of the last 50 years in the field of theoretical particle physics is described with particular emphasis on the motivation, the process of investigation, relationship to the work of others, and its impact. My judgment is unavoidably subjective, although I do present the comments of other researchers as much as possible.     

High pressure physics research at BARC

Abstract

High pressure physics research at BARC spans a period of more than two decades and covers the area of both static and dynamic pressures on the one hand and both theoretical and experimental aspects on the other. The experimental facilities available include Diamond Anvil Cells for X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy and a light gas gun. Phase transformations investigated in metallic systems includethose in Cd-Hg, transition metals, rare earths and actinides and these investigations have been supported by detailed band structure calculations and studies of the mechanismof phase transformations. Extensive equation of state studies over a wide range of pressures include a new model for the intermediate pressure range between 0.5 and 10 TPa and interpretation of experimental shock Hugoniots.     

Magnetospheric physics research at IFSI/CNR

Summary A brief overview of the magnetospheric research activity carried out recently at IFSI CNR is given in the following. To speed up publication, the proofs were not sent to the authors and were supervised by the Scientific Committee.     

Impurity nuclear physics

Using a germanium-detector array for hypernuclear γ spectroscopy (Hyperball), we measured B(E2) of the ⁷ _ΛLi hypernucleus and observed a significant shrinkage of the ⁶Li core induced by a Λ-particle. In this way, nuclear properties can be drastically changed by introducing a Λ-particle, which can be investigated by high-resolution hypernuclear γ spectroscopy. In the future neutron-rich hypernuclei will also be studied, where interesting modifications of nuclear structure by a Λ-particle are expected. Received: 1 May 2001 / Accepted: 4 December 2001     

High-power lasers at the Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF)

The development of laser plants with different purposes, which originally began in the mid-1960s, are being successfully carried out at the Laser Physics Research Institute (LPRI). Investigations of the physical fundamentals of the laser operation, nonlinear optics, and the properties of high-temperature dense plasma that is formed under the action of the intensive laser emission on matter are realized at these plants.     

Neutrino-astrophysics,nuclear physics,and particle physics at intense,pulsed, stopped-pion sources

Intense pulsed proton beams of ～ 1 GeV impinging on high-Z targets are intense sources of ν_μ from the (τ=26 ns) decay of π⁺, and \(\bar \nu _\mu \) and ν_e from the stopped μ⁺ decays. A pulse structure, narrow in time, allows the separation of reactions due to ν_μ from those from reactions involving \(\bar \nu _\mu\) and ν_e. The energy spectra are in the energy range of interest to nuclear astrophysics. A number of possible experiments relevant to solar neutrinos, supernovae collapse, weak interactions in nuclei, and intrinsic properties of neutrinos are discussed.     

Machine learning in nuclear physics at low and intermediate energies

Machine learning(ML) is becoming a new paradigm for scientific research in various research fields due to its exciting and powerful capability of modeling tools used for big-data processing tasks.In this review,we first briefly introduce the different methodologies used in ML algorithms and techniques.As a snapshot of many applications by ML,some selected applications are presented,especially for low-and intermediate-energy nuclear physics,which include topics on theoretical applications in nucl...     

Relativistic nuclear physics at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

The basic stages of the development of the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, in Dubna are described briefly. Some experiments on the investigation of cumulative particle production and the new direction of investigation of the processes of hadron-nuclear and nuclear-nuclear interaction in which the quark structure of nuclei can be manifested—relativistic nuclear physics—are considered. Basic methodical and experimental results obtained at the synchrophasotron and Nuclotron are presented, ideas produced in collaboration with theoreticians of the Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics are discussed. An overview of investigations in the field of relativistic nuclear physics planned at the Nuclotron is given.     

Fundamental physics with the ESA mission GAIA

esa advisory committees have selected the astrometry mission gaia as one of the future cornerstones of the science program. gaia is primarily a mission to study the history, formation and evolution of the Galaxy from astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic measurements, but it also displays remarkable capabilities in some areas of fundamental physics. After introducing briefly the measurement principles and the expected accuracy, I focus on the three topics most relevant for the physicists: the definition and realization of a quasi-inertial machian frame, the testing of the PPN formulation of the gravitational theory and finally a determination of the possible time change of the gravitational constant.     

流体物理研究所高功率脉冲技术研究进展

中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所是中国最早开展高功率脉冲技术研究的单位,文章简要回顾了流体物理研究所50年来在高功率脉冲技术研究方面的研究情况,介绍了中国大型高功率装置的典型代表、新近建成的世界最高水平的直线感应加速器神龙一号装置(20MeV,2.5kA,80ns),以及超高功率装置--正在建设的用于Z箍缩研究的初级实验平台(PTS,8-10MA,90ns).神龙一号是由84个感应腔串接而成的强流脉冲直线感应电子加速器,每个感应腔由Marx高电压发生器和Blumlein脉冲形成线组成的高功率脉冲系统驱动,逐级加速电子束打靶,通过韧致辐射产生强X射线,对武器内爆过程进行瞬态闪光照相.PTS装置是一台基于Marx发生器和水介质脉冲成形技术、由24路相同模块并联构成的超高功率装置,其单路验证性样机已经完成研制并达到设计指标要求,PTS主机的建设正在进行中.文章还介绍了近几十年来在高功率开关、直线感应加速器(LIA)、Z箍缩、脉冲X光机、爆磁压缩技术、重复频率脉冲技术、直线变压器技术、时间分辨快脉冲诊断技术等高功率脉冲技术方面的研究进展.     

Hadron and nuclear physics with inverse compton gamma-rays at SPring-8

A new facility for GeV γ-ray beams in an energy range of 1.5–2.4 GeV has been constructed for developing hadron physics at SPring-8. GeV γ-rays are produced via the inverse Compton scattering process, and are used to study the sub-nucleonic structure of nucleon via the productions of φ and K⁺ mesons. The recent experimental results to observe φ and K⁺ mesons are discussed to look for the physics in relation to strangeness quarks in baryon resonances. A new beam line for MeV γ-rays at SPring-8 to give new possibilities for the studies of the weak-strong coupling effects in nuclear mediums through the observation of parity violation is also discussed.