十二烷基苯磺酸/异辛烷微乳液中脂肪酶催化合成异丁酸异戊酯

在十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)/异辛烷微乳液中进行了脂肪酶催化合成异丁酸异戊酯的反应, 考察了微乳体系的含水量w₀、溶解酶缓冲溶液的pH值、反应温度等因素对酯合成反应转化率的影响; 与前期研究的CTAB微乳体系进行比较发现, DBSA微乳体系中的酯合成反应速率明显增加, 短时间内的转化率显著提高, 在温和条件下反应9 h后, 转化率达90%以上; 通过DBSA体系中有酶与无酶条件下反应进程的比较得知, DBSA作为一种质子酸对酯合成反应具有一定的催化能力; 提出了该体系中微乳催化、酶催化和质子酸催化的三重催化机理.     

混合溶剂中酶促合成维生素A乳酸酯

研究了混合溶剂中脂肪酶催化合成维生素A乳酸酯.首先对催化合成维生素A乳酸酯反应的脂肪酶和反应介质进行了研究,其次对影响合成维生素A乳酸酯反应的因素(温度、底物摩尔比、反应时间和酶量等)进行了探讨,优化了反应条件:在5 mL混合溶剂(叔丁醇/正己烷(v/v)=3:2)中,0.167 g维生素A醋酸酯和0.150g乳酸在25 mg脂肪酶Novozym 435催化下,在35℃、150 r/m in下反应6 h,产率可以达到52.19%,固定化酶可连续使用5次以上,产率仍达45%以上.     

蔗糖酯的合成研究进展

综述了蔗糖酯的合成方法及工艺的研究进展,并对其反应机理进行了阐述.蔗糖酯的合成方法主要有四种:溶剂法、微乳化法、无溶剂法以及酶催化法.溶剂法采用DMF或DMSO为溶剂,但是这两种溶剂均有毒,限制了蔗糖酯在食品等行业的应用.微乳化法采用丙二醇或水代替溶剂法所使用的有毒溶剂,并加入乳化剂,使反应体系近似为均相体系.无溶剂法则是通过在反应体系中加入乳化剂或表面活性剂等使熔融相成均一相,反应平稳.但是一般无溶剂法反应温度较高,反应不易进行,产率低,且产品质量得不到保证.酶催化合成法是一种新的生物合成方法,采用生物酶代替传统的催化剂合成蔗糖酯,该法催化活性高、反应条件温和、选择性强、产物易分离等优点.文中还对蔗糖酯粗品的纯化工艺进行了介绍.     

非水相脂肪酶催化氟比洛芬维C酯的合成及条件优化

采用非水相酶催化法合成氟比洛芬维生素C酯,使用高效液相色谱和质谱等方法对产物结构进行了表征.同时构建非水相反应体系,通过研究确定最优合成条件：在10 mL、0.057 mol/L的叔丁醇维生素C溶液中,分别添加2.84 mmol氟比洛芬甲酯,10%的N435脂肪酶（以底物的质量分数计）,0.8 g分子筛,在70℃,200 r/min的条件下反应28 h.最优条件下的产物转化率为73.63%.     

苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应产物的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用、程序升温方法对苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应产物进行了分析。实现了对钛酸四丁酯催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯反应的主产物草酸二苯酯、中间产物甲基苯基草酸酯、副产物丁基苯基草酸酯、2-甲基丁醛、正丁醚及草酸二苯酯脱羰基生成碳酸二苯酯反应产物的定性，验证了苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应分三步进行的反应模式。     

Zn(OAc)2·2H2O催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯

研究了以Zn(OAc2·2H2O为催化剂时苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯的反应.采用气相色谱/质谱联用仪对主、副产物进行了定性,确定了中间产物甲基苯基草酸酯,并对反应过程的模式进行了探讨.考察了催化剂的催化性能及影响反应的因素.采用XRD技术对催化剂进行了表征,探讨了其失活原因.     

非酶催化动力学拆分的研究进展

动力学拆分是合成光学纯化合物的重要方法之一. 在酶催化的动力学拆分取得进展的同时, 近几年有关非酶催化的动力学拆分正在成为人们研究的热点, 主要拆分反应涉及对映选择性的酰化、氧化、还原、开环、成环、取代和加成等反应, 对该领域的最新研究进展进行了简要综述.     

猪胰脂肪酶催化外消旋P-手性α-羟基磷酸酯类化合物的动力学拆分（英文）

酶催化具有高效、高选择性以及反应条件温和等优点,已经成为有机合成领域的重要方法.研究了P-手性α-羟基磷(膦)酸酯类化合物的合成方法.在猪胰脂肪酶的催化作用下,外消旋α-羟基磷(膦)酸酯与乙酸乙烯酯之间能够顺利地发生酯交换反应,以高达49%的产率和83%的ee值得到相应的手性产物,且该反应在非常温和的条件下就能够进行.同时,在计算机的辅助下建立了酶-底物之间的结合模型,通过对接的方法揭示了反应中酶催化对映选择性的机理.     

有机相中固定化脂肪酶催化合成植物甾醇酯

酶法合成植物甾醇酯具有反应条件温和、产物纯度和产量高等优点,但非水相酶催化的活性和稳定性普遍较低.本文以大孔树脂固定化脂肪酶为催化剂,并在催化过程中添加乳糖的类似物,构建了有机相高效合成植物甾醇酯的工艺过程.以酯化率为考察指标,对脂肪酶和反应溶剂进行筛选,对酯化条件进行优化,同时考察了糖的种类及添加量对酶催化性能的影响.结果表明,大孔树脂NKA吸附固定化的褶皱假丝酵母(Candida rugosa)脂肪酶(NKA-CRL)为最适宜的催化剂,以正己烷为反应介质,在酸醇摩尔比为2和添加酶蛋白质量7.5%的海藻糖的条件下,40°C反应10 h,酯化率达到96.6%.连续6次催化后,植物甾醇的酯化率仍维持在85.0%以上.     

异辛醇中酶催化高效合成阿莫西林的研究

通过比较6种有机溶剂作为反应介质时对阿莫西林合成的影响,发现反应介质在保持酶的催化活性和稳定性方面发挥着非常重要的作用,确定异辛醇为酶催化合成阿莫西林的反应介质.通过研究不同温度下异辛醇中酶催化合成阿莫西林的时间曲线,确定了最佳反应温度和反应时间,通过对底物浓度和酶浓度进行响应面优化,最终得到阿莫西林合成的最优反应条件,在最优条件下可得到91.37%的最大阿莫西林产率.     

Process intensification for synthesis of triglycerides of capric acid using green approaches

The present research focuses on intensified synthesis of tricaprin by esterification reaction between capric acid and glycerol catalysed by dry amberlyst-15 using ultrasonication approach. Effect of several reaction conditions like molar ratio, reaction temperature, and amberlyst-15 loading on the rate of conversion has been studied. Effect of ultrasonic conditions like duty cycle and irradiation time on the intensified synthesis is investigated. Recyclability of amberlyst-15 is studied to make process more economical. It is investigated that the optimum reaction conditions which gave maximum conversion of 95% were molar ratio of capric acid: glycerol as 3:5, reaction temperature 90 ​°C, 4% amberlyst −15 loading. It was further investigated that ultrasonic conditions which gave intensified synthesis were 70% duty cycle and irradiation time of 120 ​min. The ultrasonic assisted process was compared with conventional synthesis. Conventional synthesis gave 30% yield in 120 ​min and 82% in 18 ​h. Amberlyst-15 was successfully reused for 13 cycle without any change in the conversion (%) of reaction.     

Total synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin

Synthetic studies toward the total synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin (1) resulted in the discovery of additive-free, highly regioselective nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of aldehydes and 1,6-enynes and the construction of an advanced intermediate in studies directed toward the synthesis of 1. Ultimately, although not employing the nickel-catalyzed reaction, a highly convergent total synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin featuring an intermolecular SmI2-mediated Reformatsky coupling reaction and macrolactonization initiated by a retro-ene reaction of an alkoxyalkyne was achieved. The resulting synthesis was 18 steps in the longest linear sequence from either methyl acetoacetate or isobutyraldehyde.     

邻苯二酚在合成合硅方钠石分子筛大单晶中的螯合效应

通过对合成全硅方钠石（Si-SOD)溶胶的液体^29Si NMR、IR光谱、紫外可见光谱,及其晶化产物的^13C MAS CP NMR3和^29Si NMR的研究表明,邻苯二酚在的反应混合物中能和硅物 生反应而生成硅－本二酚螯合物,该螯合物在水热条件下是亚稳态的,它能缓慢释放出生成分子筛所需要的硅种,使反应体系中的晶核始终处于数量较少状态,从而有利于晶体的缓慢长大。     

Stereocontrolled total synthesis of (-)-ephedradine A (orantine)

The stereocontrolled total synthesis of (-)-ephedradine A has been accomplished. The synthesis features an asymmetric C-H insertion reaction, an intramolecular ester-amide exchange reaction, and a Sharpless asymmetric aminohydroxylation reaction. Construction of the complex macrocyclic ring was performed by Ns-strategy and an intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction.     

Total synthesis of antitumor depsipeptide (-)-doliculide

[reaction: see text] (-)-Doliculide, a potent antitumor agent, is synthesized stereoselectively in a convergent manner. The key strategy involves a stereoselective synthesis of the polyketide unit and synthesis of the D-tyrosine derivative, followed by assembly of the fragments by an esterification and cycloamidation reaction sequence. The synthesis of the polyketide fragment was achieved by an iterative asymmetric synthesis to install stereoselectively both 1,3-dimethyl groups and the 1,3-diol unit by utilizing asymmetric cyclopropanations and Sharpless asymmetric epoxidations as the key steps.     

常压催化合成N-乙基间甲氧基苯胺

以间氨苯酚为原料,用溴乙烷做烷基化试剂,硫酸二甲酯作甲基化试剂,通过改变溶剂及加入合适的相转移催化剂等方法优化工艺,经两步反应合成N-乙基间甲氧基苯胺,产率达到48.8%。该反应步骤少,原料廉价易得,反应条件极其温和,方法简单,为实际生产提供了依据。     

The Usefulness of Trivalent Phosphorus for the Synthesis of Dendrimers

Dendrimers are hyperbranched macromolecules, which are synthesized step-by-step by the repetition of a series of reactions. While many different types of dendrimers are known, this review focusses on the use of trivalent phosphorus derivatives (essentially phosphines and phosphoramidites) for the synthesis of dendrimers. The first part presents dendrimers constituted of phosphines at each branching point. The other parts display the use of trivalent phosphorus derivatives during the synthesis of dendrimers. Different types of reactions have been applied to phosphines. The very first examples of phosphorus-containing dendrimers were obtained by the alkylation of phosphines. Then, several families of dendrimers were elaborated by reaction of phosphoramidites. Such a type of reaction is the base of the solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides; it has been applied in particular for the synthesis of dendrimers constituted of oligonucleotides. Finally, the Staudinger reaction between phosphines and azides afforded different families of dendrimers, and was at the origin of accelerated methods of synthesis of dendrimers. Besides, the reactivity of the P=N-P=S linkages created by this reaction led to very original dendritic structures.     

微波固相法合成钠快离子导体Na5YSi4O12

应用微波方法合固相反应难于制备的Ｎａ５ＹＳｉ４Ｏ１２纯相，讨论了微波合成条件对产物的影响，与溶胶－凝胶法相比，微波法反应速率快，选择性强，合成的样品具有特异的聚集态，缺陷和微结构，从而导致离子导电活化能下降。     

Parallel synthesis of an amide library based on the 6,8-dioxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold by direct aminolysis of methyl esters

An efficient synthesis of unsubstituted and substituted amides based on the 6,8-dioxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold is described. The reaction, carried out at 60 degrees C in the absence of solvent, is characterized by its mildness and ease of workup. A library of amides, was synthesized by combination of methyl esters 1-6 with various amines. In addition, the microwave-assisted automated synthesis of the library was compared with the above conventional parallel synthesis. Microwave synthesis significantly decreased the reaction time from hours to minutes.     

固体碱在二氧化碳-甲醇法合成碳酸二甲酯反应中的作用

本文探讨了固体碱的制备和预处理等因素对于ＣＯ_２~－甲醇法合成碳酸二甲酯（ＤＭＣ）的影响,发现微波法所制碱性沸石等多孔材料的反应活性高于浸渍法所制样品。本文首次报道了微波辐射低压合成ＤＭＣ的新方法,该法能极大地缩短反应时间并提高产物选择性。研究表明： ＣＯ_２和甲醇生成 ＤＭＣ的反应在热力学上是几乎不能进行的,加入固体碱的实质是提供了一条耦合的途径。