W/O液滴绕流微柱阵列的数值模拟研究

基于COMSOL Multiphysics 4.1层流两相流模型,通过数值模拟研究了连续相流速一定的情况下大接触角(?=160°)的油包水(W/O)液滴绕流微柱阵列的二维运动。通过相场方法考虑表面张力的影响,实现对油-水界面的追踪,获得了W/O液滴的运动状态,重点考查了液滴尺寸对运动特性的影响。模拟结果表明,初始尺寸不同的液滴变形后,长度上存在差异,但厚度基本一致,尺寸介于100?m~150?m液滴的运动速度与液滴尺寸无关。进一步研究了利用尖楔对液滴进行分割的过程,发现液滴脱离末端微柱时,其垂向位置高度与液滴尺寸密切相关,呈先线性增加后趋于定值的特点,利用这一预定位功能及尖楔结构可以获得尺寸可控的均匀子液滴。数值方法与已有实验结果基本一致,且可以很好地表现W/O液滴与微柱的相互作用,揭示液滴的流动细节和运动规律,为设计更为复杂的液滴微流控芯片提供了支撑。     

荷电颗粒在旋转环形通道内分离性能研究

为研究带电旋转环形通道内荷电颗粒的运动和沉积特性,本文使用计算流体力学两相流离散颗粒法对带电旋转环形通道内的荷电颗粒的运动过程进行了模拟。根据模拟结果分析了不同粒径、电压、入口雷诺数和通道长径比等参数对荷电颗粒运动和沉积的影响,研究了荷电颗粒在旋转通道内离心力与电场力之间的竞争关系,探索了离心力和电场力导致的荷电颗粒运动和沉积变化的规律。结果表明,单个不同粒径颗粒具有不同的颗粒逃逸电压区间,区间的大小随着颗粒粒径的增大而增大,且区间的宽度随着通道长径比的增大将会明显变小;多个颗粒的逃逸率曲线,不同粒径的颗粒将会有不同程度的交叉,随着长径比的增大,颗粒逃逸率曲线的高度与交叉会有明显的减小,而随着转速的增大,颗粒逃逸率曲线的交叉会有一定程度的减小,且高度不会有明显变化。     

突扩管流中微米颗粒分离效率的研究

助欧拉和拉格朗日方法数值模拟了突扩微尺度管道流中微米颗粒的分离情况. 在采用有限体积法求解电荷密度场、电场和流场的基础上,通过基于改进的Langevin方程研究了微管道中不同位置处的微米颗粒在水动力和介电电泳力综合作用下的运动轨迹. 研究发现:电渗流的驱动能力随着扩张比(ER)的增加而提高,然而其提高的趋势逐渐变小;当微米颗粒仅在水动力作用下时,随着ER的增加,颗粒之间的有效分离距离(ESL)随之线性增加,此时ESL与ER的比值约为5.9; 若是考虑介电电泳力对于微米颗粒运动的影响, ESL与ER的比值下降为4.79, 由此可以看出介电电泳力对突扩微管道流中的微米颗粒的分离效果有着一定的负面影响. 上述结论对于基于介电电泳技术设计的生物粒子分离芯片的优化设计有很大价值.      

湍流边界层中固体颗粒运动的数值模拟

根据Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ颗粒运动微分方程及不可压缩湍流边界层中流体的壁面速度分布规律，数值求解了颗粒在湍流边界层中的运动，考虑了Ｓａｆｆｍａｎ升为对颗粒运动的影响，壁面对运动阻力的影响，给出了固体颗粒沉积边壁，在边界层外缘上所需的最小速度和最小入射角，计算结果还表明边界层对固体颗粒撞击边壁的速度和入射角有较大影响，从数值结果可可以发现一个重要现象。     

分离流动数值模拟的几个问题

介绍了分离流动现象.给出了三维定常粘性流动分离识别准则,研究了分离流动的性态.给出了应用于分离流动的六种模型及有关的控制方程.讨论了求解NS方程的数值方法和数值模拟的前景.特别研究了应用于分离流动的Eulcr方程的数值模拟问题.      

颗粒流体系统的格子Boltzmann数值方法研究进展

介绍Euler-Lagrange框架下基于格子Boltzmann方法 LBM(Lattice Boltzmann Method)发展的两种不同层次（即不同时-空尺度和精度）的颗粒流体系统离散模拟方法,即格子Boltzmann颗粒解析直接数值模拟（LB-based PR-DNS）方法和格子Boltzmann离散颗粒模拟（LB-based DPS）方法,总结了Euler-Euler框架下基于格子Boltzmann双流体模型（LB-based TFM）方面的探索研究。LB-based PR-DNS方法中颗粒尺寸远大于格子步长,能够直接解析出流体在颗粒表面的流动以及颗粒所受完整的动力学信息;LB-based DPS方法中格子步长远大于颗粒直径,其在计算精度、时间耗费和计算效率之间能达到很好的平衡,可获得流体的宏观平均流动及颗粒的运动轨迹信息。LB-based DNS和DPS是探索颗粒流体系统的有力手段,但LB-based TFM应用于模拟颗粒流体系统仍需进一步探索。     

明渠中跌坎后突扩分离流数值研究

利用大涡模拟技术，对明渠中跌坎后的二维突扩分离流结构进行了数值模拟，探讨了这类典型分离流各特征区的流动性质，分析了再附区壁面上不同测点处脉动压力的统计特征，并与试验结果进行了比较．在数值模拟中，采用了弱压缩流的控制方程和非均匀网格系统．     

三角翼上分离及涡流的数值模拟

综述了三角翼(包括双三角翼,边条-三角翼,近距耦合鸭翼)上分离及涡流问题的数值模拟进展,介绍了用Euler方程、N-S方程的数值方法模拟不同三角翼,在不同攻角、不同来流M数等多种条件下的复杂涡流形态和流动结构,研究了控制方程、网格、湍流模型和计算方法等对计算结果的影响。      

三维方腔介电液体电对流的数值模拟研究

本文对封闭方腔内介电液体电对流进行了三维数值模拟研究.方腔的6个边界为固壁;4个侧边界为电绝缘边界;上下界面为两个电极.直流电场作用在从底部电极注入的自由电荷上,从而对液体施加库伦体积力并驱动流体流动形成电对流.为了求解这一物理问题,发展了一种二阶精度的有限体积法来求解完整的控制方程,包括Navier-Stokes方程和一组简化的Maxwell方程.考虑到电荷密度方程的强对流占优特性,采用了全逆差递减格式来求解该方程,获得了准确有界的解.通过研究发现,该流动在有限振幅区内的分叉类型为亚临界,即系统存在一个线性和非线性临界值,分别对应流动的开始和终止.由于非线性临界值比线性值小,因此两个临界值之间有一个迟滞回线.与无限大域中的自由对流相比,侧壁施加的额外约束改变了流场结构,使这两个临界值均有所增大.此外,还讨论了电荷密度和速度场的空间分布特征,发现电荷密度分布中存在电荷空白区.最后对更小空间尺寸情况计算结果表明,流动的线性分叉类型为超临界.本文的结果拓展了已有的二维有限空间内电对流的研究,并为三维电对流的线性和弱非线性理论分析提供参考.      

非流线体分离流动态载荷的数值模拟方法研究

以圆柱绕流为研究对象,针对圆形边界,采用O型网格对流场进行离散,用二阶精度的中心差分有限体积法作空间离散,用二阶精度的中心差分处理时间问题,用双时间方法求解了二维非定常Navier-Stokes方程,系统研究了计算方法对收敛精度、时间步长和网格数量的依赖性.计算结果表明,对于长时间历程的非定常问题,虽然双时间方法收敛性很好,但对于分离流而言,时间步长的选取并非没有限制;每一步伪时间的推进中,收敛精度也有要求;而要模拟圆柱分离流的非线性气动力现象,计算网格至少要达到260×80的数量.     

Numerical prediction of particle slip velocity in turbulence by CFD-DEM simulation

Turbulent environment improves the flotation recovery of fine particles by promoting the particle–bubble collision rate, which directly depends on the particle slip velocity. However, the existing slip velocity models are not applicable to fine particles in turbulence. The mechanism of turbulence characteristics and particle properties on the slip velocity of fine particles in turbulence was unclear. In this study, a coupled ANSYS FLUENT and EDEM based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) were used to simulate the slip velocity of fine particles in the approximately homogenous isotropic turbulence, which was excited by the grid. The reliability of the used CFD-DEM simulation method was validated against the slip velocity measured by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments. In particular, the effects of the particle shapes, particle densities, and turbulence intensities on the slip velocity have been investigated with this numerical method. Numerical results show that particle shapes have no significant effect on fine particles between 37 and 225 μm. The slip velocity of the spherical particles increases with the turbulence intensity and particle density. Based on the simulated data, a model which has a correlation coefficient of 0.95 is built by using nonlinear fitting.     

Numerical simulation of landslide impulsive waves by incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics

An incompressible‐smoothed particle hydrodynamics (I‐SPH) formulation is presented to simulate impulsive waves generated by landslides. The governing equations, Navier–Stokes equations, are solved in a Lagrangian form using a two‐step fractional method. Landslides in this paper are simulated by a submerged mass sliding along an inclined plane. During sliding, both rigid and deformable landslides mass are considered. The present numerical method is examined for a rigid wedge sliding into water along an inclined plane. In addition solitary wave generated by a heavy box falling inside water, known as Scott Russell wave generator, which is an example for simulating falling rock avalanche into artificial and natural reservoirs, is simulated and compared with experimental results. The numerical model is also validated for gravel mass sliding along an inclined plane. The sliding mass approximately behaves like a non‐Newtonian fluid. A rheological model, implemented as a combination of the Bingham and the general Cross models, is utilized for simulation of the landslide behaviour. In order to match the experimental data with the computed wave profiles generated by deformable landslides, parameters of the rheological model are adjusted and the numerical model results effectively match the experimental results. The results prove the efficiency and applicability of the I‐SPH method for simulation of these kinds of complex free surface problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical investigation of particle separation in Y-shaped bifurcating microchannels

In this study the Zweifach-Fung effect is investigated in a Y-shaped bifurcation when the clearance between the rigid spherical particle and the walls is small ...     

静不稳定空空导弹导轨发射机弹分离数值模拟

将基于N-S方程求解的流动模拟与求解导弹六自由度运动方程和控制律相结合,进行静不稳定空空导弹导轨发射分离轨迹的数值模拟.结果表明,对静不稳定导弹,如果不施加控制,载机的横侧向气动干扰会使采用导轨发射的导弹在离轨后滚转姿态很快发散,俯仰和偏航姿态快速改变,施加姿态控制后,导弹离开载机的过程中姿态比较稳定,改善了发射安全性.     

钢箱内部爆炸破坏的SPH数值模拟

随着恐怖袭击的不断演化,船舶、桥梁等以钢箱为主要支撑的战略性结构逐渐成为恐怖袭击和敌方军事打击的重要目标。本文中采用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics, SPH)方法对钢箱内部爆炸过程进行了数值模拟,对比实验,分析了钢箱内部爆炸时钢箱表面的变形过程,得到了钢箱表面挠度值的变化趋势、不同时刻钢箱表面压强和von Mises应力的分布情况、钢箱表面中心点处速度和压强的变化趋势,验证了SPH方法在模拟钢箱内部爆炸问题上的有效性。通过进一步数值模拟,探讨了钢箱内部不同位置爆炸时钢箱的破坏形式和损伤程度,结果表明:炸药在钢箱内部角隅处爆炸时,钢箱的损伤程度最严重;炸药在钢箱内部正中心爆炸时,钢箱的损伤程度最轻。     

Numerical simulation of particle migration in asymmetric bifurcation channel

In this work we provide numerical validation of the particle migration during flow of concentrated suspension in asymmetric T-junction bifurcation channel observed in a recent experiment [1]. The mathematical models developed to explain particle migration phenomenon basically fall into two categories, namely, suspension balance model and diffusive flux model. These models have been successfully applied to explain migration behavior in several two-dimensional flows. However, many processes often involve flow in complex 3D geometries. In this work we have carried out numerical simulation of concentrated suspension flow in 3D bifurcation geometry using the diffusive flux model. The simulation method was validated with available experimental and theoretical results for channel flow. After validation of the method we have applied the simulation technique to study the flow of concentrated suspensions through an asymmetric T-junction bifurcation composed of rectangular channels. It is observed that in the span-wise direction inhomogeneous concentration distribution that develops upstream persists throughout the inlet and downstream channels. Due to the migration of particles near the bifurcation section there is almost equal partitioning of flow in the two downstream branches. The detailed comparison of numerical simulation results is made with the experimental data.     

Numerical simulation of plunging wave breaking by the weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamic method

In this paper, a numerical meshless method called the weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamic (WCSPH) method, which is a two-dimensionalmodel of a weakly compressible fluid, is applied to simulate the plunging wave breaking process. This model solves the viscous fluid equations to obtain the velocity and density fields and also solves the equation of state to obtain the pressure field. The WCSPH method is demonstrated to have a higher computational efficiency than the basic SPH model. To simulate the turbulent behavior of the fluid flow in the wave breaking procedure, a sub particle scale (SPS) model is used, which is obtained from the Large eddy simulation (LES) theory. To consider the accuracy of the standard WCSPH model (WCSPH model without considering the turbulent effect), a dam break test is performed, and model results are compared with available experimental data.     

Numerical simulation of sedimentation of rectangular particle in Newtonian fluid

The sedimentation of a rectangular particle falling in a two-dimensional channel filled with Newtonian fluid was simulated with finite element arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian domain method. The numerical procedure was validated by comparison of the simulation results with existing numerical work. Moreover, good agreement was obtained between the simulation results and experimental measurements performed in the current study. The equilibrium position, stable orientation and drag coefficient of a rectangular particle for different particle Reynolds numbers (Re_p) were studied. The results show that there is a critical particle Reynolds number for the preferred orientation of a rectangular particle falling in a Newtonian fluid. When Re_p is smaller than the critical value, the particle falls with its long side parallel to gravity; otherwise the particle falls with its long side perpendicular to gravity. The critical particle Reynolds number is a decreasing function of the blockage ratio and aspect ratio. The distributions of pressure and shear stress on rectangular particle surface were analyzed. Moreover, the drag coefficient of the rectangular particle decreases as Re_p or the blockage ratio increases; however, it appears to be independent of aspect ratio.     

Numerical simulation of particle sedimentation in 3D rectangular channel

The 3D lattice Boltzmann method is used to simulate particle sedimentation in a rectangular channel. The results of single particle sedimentation indicate that the last position of the particle is along the center line of the channel regardless of the initial position, the particle diameter, and the particle Reynolds number. The wall effect on the terminal velocity is in good agreement with experimental results quantitatively. The drafting, kissing, and tumbling (DKT) process is reproduced and analyzed by simulating two-particle cluster sedimentation. The effects of the diameter ratio, initial position, and wall on the DKT process are investigated. When the two particles have equal diameter sediment in the rectangular channel, a periodical DKT process and the spiraling trajectory are found. The last equilibrium configuration is obtained from the simulation results. The interesting regular sedimentation phenomena are found when 49 particles fall down under gravity.