pH诱导烟草多酚氧化酶二级结构变化的光谱学研究

为了获得更多的关于多酚氧化酶二级结构和活性中心结构的信息 ,应用FT -IR以及去卷积技术、荧光光谱、紫外差光谱研究了溶液 pH的变化对烟草多酚氧化酶的二级结构的影响并对其活性中心的光谱跃迁进行了归属 .实验结果表明 ,随着 pH值的降低或提高 ,多酚氧化酶的二级结构发生了变化 ,浕 螺旋和反平行 β 折叠含量减少 ,无规卷曲含量有所增加 ,同时色氨酸和酪氨酸残基的微环境发生了一定的变化 ;随pH的降低 ,活性中心的Cu2 + 与配位的组氨酸咪唑基的作用加强 ;此外 ,归属和讨论了酶活性中心金属离子与配体间全部电荷转移谱带     

新天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程

本文利用荧光光谱和园二色光谱研究了新天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程.结果显示:新天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠是一个只包含天然蛋白和变性终态的二态过程,与已经报道的天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程不同.     

胱氨酸与烟草多酚氧化酶相互作用的研究

研究了胱氨酸与烟草多酚氧化酶的相互作用。结果表明 ,胱氨酸对烟草多酚氧化酶有抑制作用 ,其机制可能是胱氨酸中的硫醚与酶活性中心铜离子配位 ,但反应物或产物均抑制这种络合 ;胱氨酸还可以与产物结合生成无色复合物 ;当胱氨酸与多酚氧化酶的分子比达到 16 0 0 0∶1时 ,就完全抑制了酶活性 ;对于荧光光谱 ,当分子比为 75∶1时 ,多酚氧化酶的荧光就不再发生变化 ;烟草多酚氧化酶中的色氨酸残基位于比较疏水的环境。     

盐酸胍诱导叶绿素变性的THz时域光谱研究

THz时域光谱对分子构型非常敏感,能快速方便的把具有相似结构的生物分子区分开来.利用THz光谱的这一技术特点,对盐酸胍诱导叶绿素a(Chl-a)和叶绿素b(Chl-b)变性进行了研究.实验结果表明,THz光谱不仅能够鉴别变性前后的叶绿素分子,而且探测到了新的实验现象.在盐酸胍作用下,两种分子的THz吸收谱中都出现一个位于1.7 THz处的峰.通过测量几种氨基酸和盐酸胍相互作用的样品后,观察到了相同位置的峰,进而验证了这个峰是由于叶绿素的C=O键和盐酸胍的N-H键相互作用形成氧键引起的.研究结果表明,运用THz光谱技术能有效地把具有相似结构的生物分子区分开来,这项技术也是监测生物分子变性的一种有力工具.     

光谱法研究变性剂对苦荞麦蛋白质构象的影响

采用紫外差示光谱和荧光光谱研究了不同浓度的乙醇溶液和盐酸胍溶液对苦荞麦蛋白质(TBWSP31)构象变化的影响.研究表明,TBWSP31的色氨酸残基和酪氨酸残基有的位于分子内部,有的暴露于分子表面.乙醇溶液使TBWSP31变性时,仅仅是分子的外层结构发生了变化,分子内部疏水核的变化较小,高浓度的盐酸胍使位于TBWSP31...     

热诱导β晶状体蛋白去折叠及寡聚体解聚过程的脉冲升温时间分辨红外光谱

通过变温傅里叶变换红外光谱和脉冲升温时间分辨红外光谱,系统地研究了β晶状体蛋白不同二级结构的热稳定性,以及热诱导β晶状体蛋白去折叠的动力学过程．结果表明,β晶状体蛋白N端的β反平行折叠热稳定性最低(转变的中点温度为36.0±2.1 oC),该结构的破坏导致了一种富含无规卷曲结构的β晶状体蛋白中间体形成, 认为该中间体可能由β晶状体寡聚体解聚后形成的单体,单体形成的中点温度为40.4±7 πC．β晶状体蛋白全局去折叠引发蛋白变性聚集的转变的中点温度为72.4±0.2 oC．脉冲升温时间分辨红外光谱进一步揭示出β晶状体蛋白的热诱导去折叠开始于N端的β反平行折叠结构,该结构去折叠所需时间约为50 ns     

碳酸钙结晶对胃蛋白酶二级结构的影响

本文通过傅里叶变换红外光谱及退卷积、曲线拟合等技术研究了碳酸钙结晶对胃蛋白酶二级结构的影响 ,结果表明 :在纯的胃蛋白酶中 ,α 螺旋、 β 折叠、转角及无规卷曲等四种结构的含量分别为2 4 38% ,2 9 91% ,39 2 2 % ,6 4 9% ;而在CaCO3 胃蛋白酶溶液中 ,四种结构的含量分别为 2 0 9% ,93 30 4 % ,4 6 0 %和 0 0 0 6 %。由此可以看出 :碳酸钙晶体的形成使胃蛋白酶的α 螺旋结构减少 ,β 折叠结构增多 ,本文讨论了这种变化的本质。     

荧光光谱分析超氧化物歧化酶的构象变化及其功能

通过荧光光谱研究了枯草芽孢杆菌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的分子构象在不同浓度盐酸胍、尿素以及不同pH条件下的变化及其与功能的关系.结果表明,SOD构象与功能的变化与其荧光光谱的变化有明显的对应关系.随着盐酸胍浓度的增加,SOD发射峰红移,荧光强度不断下降,且这两种变化同步发生;酶则出现快失活慢变构现象.而利用尿素变性SO...     

荧光光谱法研究盐酸胍浓度不同时变性胰蛋白酶的构象变化

蛋白变性过程中间体的存在是蛋白变性及复性动力学研究中不可缺少的证据。以胰蛋白酶为模型蛋白 ,用荧光光谱法系统地研究了在不同浓度变性剂盐酸胍存在时胰蛋白酶构象的变化 ,并与活性数据进行了对比。发现胰蛋白酶荧光光谱发射波长随变性剂盐酸胍浓度增大而逐渐增大 ,并且当盐酸胍浓度达到 2mol·L- 1 时胰蛋白酶的最大发射波长达到最大值 ,其后随盐酸胍浓度的增大最大发射波长反而逐渐减小 ,当盐酸胍浓度大于 3mol·L- 1 呈现不变的趋势。也就是说 ,在低浓度变性剂环境下 ,胰蛋白酶存在着一个与天然态和完全变性态的分子构象都不同的中间体状态 ,这个中间体状态的荧光发射波长最大 ,荧光发射强度也最大 ,而以此状态为复性起点 ,最终得到的复性产率也最低。对此原因从分子结构的基础上进行了探讨。     

二硫键的氧化还原状态对Trx融合赤霉酸诱导富含半胱氨酸蛋白内源荧光及变性过程影响

在采用亲和层析、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对原核表达的赤霉酸诱导的富含半胱氨酸蛋白(Trx-GcGASA)进行纯化、鉴定的基础上,运用稳态荧光光谱手段研究了二硫苏糖醇(DTT)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、过氧化氢、盐酸胍(GdnHCl)对Trx-GcGASA内源荧光及变性过程的影响,发现(1)在中性缓冲体系中融合蛋白的内源荧光以305 nm的酪氨酸的荧光发射为主;(2)伴随着二硫键还原,融合蛋白中色氨酸和酪氨酸的相对荧光强度比值从0.7变化至1.8倍左右;(3)经过0.5 mmol.L-1GSSG、5 mmol.L-1过氧化氢处理后,酪氨酸和色氨酸的荧光强度下降约12~21%;(4)无论是否采用1 mmol.L-1DTT处理,6 mol.L-1盐酸胍均不能诱导融合蛋白彻底变性;(5)二硫键的存在与否影响了盐酸胍诱导的变性过程。通过两态模型拟合获得Trx-GcGASA变性过程Gibbs自由能变化ΔG约为3.7 kJ.mol-1。相关工作不仅为深入研究融合伴侣Trx对GcGASA变性热力学、动力学及复性过程影响奠定了基础;同时,也为通过光谱手段获取GcGASA的结构信息提供了基础的数据。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.