聚苯乙烯甲苯溶液第二维利系数的分子量依赖性

本文用激光小角散射光度计,测定了聚苯乙烯甲苯溶液的第二维利系数的分子量依赖性,重均分子量在3×104θ/M值为7.1 8×10-18厘米2/克(0为无扰均方半径,M为分子量),与文献测定值相近.在4×103相似文献   

稀土催化聚合的顺式聚丁二烯的单分散粘度方程

对十一个未经分级的多分散稀土顺丁橡胶试样作了渗透压和粘度的测量,计算得到的数均分子量_n及特性粘数[<η>]列于表中。     

丁苯橡胶的分子量Ⅱ.——低温聚合的丁苯橡胶

用六个5°时乳液聚合的低温丁苯橡胶级份(M_n=5×10~4—1×10~6),作甲苯溶液的粘度(30°)和渗透压(25°)的测定。试样能全部溶解,粘度性质都很正常,k’值没有异常增大,高分子的支化可以忽略。渗透压数据可用(π/C)~(1/2)对C作线性外推,得到的分子量和第二维利系数依从 RTA_2=7.41×10~5Mn~(-0.275)的关系。特性粘数与分子量间的关系为 [η]=2.95×10~(-2)M~(0.75)厘米~3/克(甲苯溶液,30°)与高温丁苯橡胶的线型分子相较,当分子量相同时,[η]低温/[η]高温=1.24,此差别可能是由于近程结构(1,2及顺、反式1,4加成)的不同所致。     

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)的分子链特性

利用光散射得到了分子量为 2 2 3× 1 0 4～ 1 30× 1 0 4窄分布 (Mw/Mn≤ 1 .2 8)的聚 (N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 ) (PNIPAM)在四氢呋喃 (THF)溶液中 2 5℃的第二维利系数A2 及分子链均方回转半径〈S2 〉与分子量的关系 ,即A2 ∝Mw-0 .2 5 ,〈S2 〉1/ 2 =1 .5 6×1 0 -9Mw0 .5 6.还测定了在THF和甲醇中 2 5℃的特性粘数 [η],得到的Mark_Houwink方程为 [η]=6 .90× 1 0 -5 M0 .73 (THF溶液 )和 [η]=1 .0 7× 1 0 -4 M0 .71(甲醇溶液 ) .以上结果表明THF和甲醇都是PNIPAM的良溶剂 .根据Kurata_Stockmayer方程计算得到PNIPAM在两种溶剂中的极限特征比C∞ 为 1 0 6 ,说明PNIPAM为与聚苯乙烯相似的柔性链 ,因此可以形成珠球 .还跟踪了PNIPAM水溶液的特性粘数在 2 5～ 31 5℃之间的变化 ,发现特性粘数随温度升高而下降 ,呈现两个阶段 :低温阶段的斜率较小而高温阶段的斜率较大 ,转折温度约为 30 1℃ .表明从 2 5℃起分子链就开始收缩 ,到 30℃以上时升温对收缩的促进更显著 .     

端羟基液体聚丁二烯的流变性质

本文研究了端羟基液体聚丁二烯(丁羟)的流变性质,它是剪切速率、温度和分子量的函数。测量是在HAAKE RV2锥板式粘度计上进行的,温度15—70℃,剪切速度0—2,275s^-1。 当丁羟本体粘度小于1Pa•s,剪切速率低于650s^-1时,其流动行为基本为牛顿型,在其它条件下则为非牛顿型。当丁羟分子量在1,000—5,600范围内,其本体粘度与温度关系符合经验公式:logη_a=A+B/T。我们也确立了本体粘度与数均分子量的关系,在20℃时η_a=2.09×10^-8M_n^2•52,在25℃时为η_a=1.14×10^-8M_n^2•55。     

环型聚苯乙烯的表征

用GPC-LALLS等方法对环型聚苯乙烯进行了系统的表征。环型聚苯乙烯(RPS)是由两端具有活性基团的线型聚苯乙烯通过环化反应制备的,分子量由3×10⁴至2.7×10⁵。结果表明在θ溶剂和良溶剂中RPS与线型聚苯乙烯(LPS)特性粘数之比g(=[η]_r/[η]₁)分别约为0.63和0.65;RPS与LPS无扰均方回转半径之比(< R² >_oτ/< R² >_o1)为0.55—0.59,两者都与大环的理论值相近。实验结果还表明环型高分子符合GPC普适标定原理,此外,求出了RPS在环已烷,甲苯和四氢呋喃溶液中的粘度-分子量方程。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的苯溶液粘度对切变速度的依赖性 Ⅱ.用光散射法测定特性粘数分子量关系

在不同外加水压下作者等用毛细管粘度计测定了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯五个分级试样的苯溶液粘度,并用光散射法在丙酮溶液中测定了重均分子量,得到下列特性粘数、分子量关系式(25°)。不加外压时:[η]=3.80×10~(-3)M~(0.79)毫升/克S_R=55达因/厘米~2:[η]_s=12.6×10~(-3)M~(0.70)D_R=5000秒~(-1):[η]_D=8.37×10~(-3)M~(0.73) 适用于分子量范围0.2—4.5×10~6。并指出用实验数据验证性粘数理论时,α值的切变速度依赖性有重要的影响。粘度数据中斜度系数 k′或β值,无论对 S_R 或 D_R 都没有显著的影响,与前人的结果有不同。对光散射测定所用仪器加以叙述并从光散射数据得到了试样的 A_2和<~2>_z 的数值。     

聚[4-(4′-八甲基四硅氧基)二苯醚]分子量与特性粘数的关系

本工作对本体聚合的交替共聚物,聚[4-(4′-八甲基四硅氧基)二苯醚]作了重沉淀分级,再用粘度法、动态渗透压,光散射及GPC对级分和未分级试样作了分子量和分布宽度的测定。实验数据经多分散性改正后,得到该共聚物单分散的特性粘数-分子量关系式: [η]=2.33×10~(-3)M~(0.88)(毫升/克,25℃,四氢呋喃)该共聚物在四氢呋喃溶液中的第二维利系数A_2随分子量的增加而降低,依从A_2=3.60×10~(-2)的关系. 该共聚物在水中加热后放置几天会产生降解。紫外和红外光谱说明降解后共聚物的化学组成没有明显变化。     

丁苯橡胶甲苯溶液粘度的切变速度依赖性

对低温聚合丁苯橡膠一个级分(M=1.0×10~6)的甲苯溶液在切变速度 D=10—20,000秒~(-1)范国内测定了五种浓度溶液的粘度数据(25.0℃)。粘度计采用 Tsuda 的水平毛细管水平流出体积计量管的设计,且在全部切变速度范围内都从同一毛细管流出,使不同范围内的数据很好衔接。实验结果证明在低切变速度区域牛顿粘度η(?)(0)的存在。并且从lnη(?)—ln D 曲线的反曲点(?)值不依赖于浓度和对反曲点的对称性估计η(?)(∞)值和整个切变速度范国内的粘度行为。取几个等 D 值时的 lnη(?)按(lnη(?)/C)-C 的线性外推得到[η]_D,明确表示在低切变速度区域[η](?)的存在。两种牛顿流动间转变区域的实难数据可以采用下列两公式线性化:x(D)=(1/2)[1-erf(kln(?))],x(D)=(1/1+(?))~n,式中x=(lnη(?)-lnη(?)(∞)/lnη(?)(0)-lnη(?)(∞)),erf(z)=(?)-u~2du,k 和 n 是依赖于浓度的参数,但在较高浓度时均趋向一恒定值。([η]_D/[η]_0)-ln D 曲线相当符合于刚性橢球轴比 p=4—5间的理论曲线,这样得到的转动扩散系数(?)_(rot)=6.6×10~2秒~(-1),但是从(?)_(rot)和[η]_0值按 Scheraga-Mandelkern 方法计算得到的分子量值与实际不符,所以丁苯橡膠分子线团不是刚性结构;而以1/(?)值作为高分子线团弹性变形的松弛时间,按 Bueche 理论计算得到的分子量值与实际极相一致。     

一点法测定特性粘数

特性粘数一般由η_(sp)/C 或 ln η_r/C(η_(sp)是增比粘度,η_r 是相对粘度,C 是浓度)对 C 作图,外推到 C=0而求得。这样每个样品就至少需要测定三个不同浓度下的溶液粘度。在某些情况下,如要快速知道结果,样品很少,不便稀释,实验中途发生意外仅得一个数据等情况时,就感到很不方便。为此,文献中早有一点法测定特性粘数的报导。近年来许多人仍重视该问题的研究。下面将引述几个常用的及一点法表示溶液粘度数据的方程式:η_(sp)/C=[η] k'[η]~2C (1)ln η_r/C=[η]-β[η]~2C (2)[η]=(2(η_(sp)-ln η_r))~(1/2)/C (3)[η]=(η_(sp) r ln η_r)/C(1 r) (4)r=k'/β[η]=(η_(sp) 3 ln η_r)/4C (5)式中,[η]为特性粘数。η_r 为相对粘度。η_(sp)为增比粘度。k'和β在一般情况下是与分子量无关的常数。     

Preparative SEC column packed with microporous particles prepared from cellulose

New microporous particles with large pore size (mean pore diameter of 820 nm) are successfully prepared from a mixture of cellulose and konjac glucomannan (RC-KGM3) in 1.5 M NaOH-0.65 M thiourea aqueous solution by coagulating with 5 weight percentage (wt%) CaCl(2), and then 2 wt% HCl aqueous solution. A preparative size-exclusion chromatographic (SEC) column packed with the gel particles is used for the fractionation of a dextran in water. The exclusion limit and fractionation range of the stationary phase are molecular masses of 125 yen 104 g/mol and 5.6 yen 104 to 125 yen 104 g/mol, respectively. The dextran [dextran 50, weight-average molecular mass (M(w)) = 40.1 yen 104 g/mol, polydispersity index (d) = 3.5] is fractionated by the preparative SEC column to obtain six fractions, and four of them are refractionated twice by the same preparative SEC column. The refractionated samples F-3-3 and F-4-3 are characterized by analytical SEC combined with laser light scattering and light scattering to obtain M(w) of 91.8 and 61.9 yen 104 g/mol, as well as d of 1.3 and 1.4, respectively. The results indicate that the fractions having narrow molecular mass distribution are satisfactorily prepared with the SEC column. The described SEC column can be successfully used to fractionate polymers in aqueous solution.     

含SR桥的双核钼(I)配合物Mo2(CO)8-n(SR)2Ln的新合成途径和Mo2(C(O)6(SPh)2(MeCN)2的结构研究

经由零价双核钼含SR桥的配合物的氧化反应合成了一系列含各种SR桥的双核钼(I)配合物Mo2-(CO)8-n(μ-SR)2Ln(R=Br^t, Ph, Bz(C6H5CH2), CH2CO2Et;L=MeCN, PPh3; n=0,2]. 并应用红外光谱、元素分析等进行表征, 讨论了新的合成途径. 含MeCN配位体配位到Mo(I)上的配合物, Mo2(CO)6(SPh)2(MeCN)2经X射线结构测定, 系属单斜晶系, 空间群P21/c,a=9.241(2), b=9.330(3), C=15.458(4)A:β=105.77(2)°V=1283(1)A^3; Z=2; R=0.033. Mo-Mo距离为2.978A, 表明其Mo-Mo距离为2.978A, 表明其Mo-Mo键的形成, Mo-S键长为2.469A. 比较同系物Mo2(CO)8(μ-SCH2CO2-Et)2, Mo2(CO)6(μ-SCH2CO2Et)2(MeCN)2和Mo2(CO)8(μ-SBu^t)2的结构, 并讨论其结构与化学.     

1,5-环辛二烯阳离子型跨环齐聚合反应

本文系统地研究了1,5-环辛二烯(COD)在BF3.OEt2和AlCl3催化下的阳离子型跨环聚合. 考察了引发剂、助催化剂以及溶剂等因素对单体转化率的影响. 得到的齐聚物数均分子量为1000左右, 软化温度为140-160℃. 采用裂解色谱-质谱证明产物具有1的结构.     

5,5'-双(4-甲基苯)-2,2-联恶唑的晶体结构及构象

本文报道5,5'-双(4-甲基苯基)-2,2'-联恶唑(POOP)的晶体结构,并辅以分子力学法(MM-X程序)计算,探讨了POOP分子的基态构象.     

Discrete cationic zinc and magnesium complexes for dual organic/organometallic-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate

We describe herein an original approach for the efficient immortal ring-opening polymerization (iROP) of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) under mild conditions using dual-catalyst systems combining a discrete cationic metal complex with a tertiary amine. A series of new zinc and magnesium cationic complexes of the type [{NNO}M](+) [anion](-) ({NNO}(-) = 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-{[(2'-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamino]methyl}phenolate; M = Zn, [anion](-) = [B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) (2), [H(2)N-{B(C(6)F(5))(3)}(2)](-) (3), and [EtB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-) (4); M = Mg, [anion](-) = [H(2)N{B(C(6)F(5))(3)}(2)](-) (7)) have been prepared from the corresponding neutral compounds [{NNO}ZnEt] (1) and [{NNO}-Mg(nBu)] (6). Compounds 2-4 and 7 exist as free ion pairs, as revealed by (1)H, (13)C, (19)F, and (11) B?NMR spectroscopy in THF solution, and an X-ray crystallographic analysis of the bis(THF) adduct of compound 7, 7?(THF)(2). The neutral complexes 1 and 6, in combination with one equivalent or an excess of benzyl alcohol (BnOH), initiate the rapid iROP of TMC, in bulk or in toluene solution, at 45-60?°C (turnover frequency, TOF, up to 25-30,000?mol(TMC)?mol(Zn)?h(-1) for 1 and 220-240,000?mol(TMC)?mol(Mg)?h(-1) for 6), to afford H-PTMC-OBn with controlled macromolecular features. ROP reactions mediated by the cationic systems 2/BnOH and 7/BnOH proceeded much more slowly (TOF up to 500 and 3000?mol(TMC)?mol(Zn or Mg)?h(-1) at 110?°C) than those based on the parent neutral compounds 1/BnOH and 6/BnOH, respectively. Use of original dual organic/organometallic catalyst systems, obtained by adding 0.2-5?equiv of a tertiary amine such as NEt(3) to zinc cationic complexes [{NNO}Zn](+) [anion](-) (2-4), promoted high activities (TOF up to 18,300?mol(TMC)?mol(Zn)?h(-1) at 45?°C) giving H-PTMC-OBn with good control over the M(n) and M(w)/M(n) values. Variation of the nature of the anion in 2-4 did not significantly affect the performance of these catalyst systems. On the other hand, the dual magnesium-based catalyst system 7/NEt(3) proved to be poorly effective.     

Precipitation polymerization of acrylamide using vazo-33 as an initiator and acetonitrile/water mixtures as the solvent

Precipitation polymerization of acrylamide initiated by a thermal initiator, Vazo-33 (DuPont Vazo Initiator), was achieved at a solvent composition of acetonitrile/water = 4/6 (vol/vol). The polymerization kinetics were investigated in the acrylamide [M] concentration range 0.86–2.27M, Vazo-33 [I] concentration range 1.4–11.0 × 10^?4M, and temperature range 30–40°C. Polymerization was carried out in reaction ampules and the rate was determined gravimetrically. Number-average molecular weight was obtained from intrinsic viscosity. The precipitation polymerization rate varied as [M]^2.16 and [I]^0.44. Number-average molecular weight was proportional to [M]^1.22 and inversely proportional to [I]^0.31. The overall reaction activation energy was calculated as 17.3 kcal/mol in the temperature range studied. The optimal reaction conditions studied were: acetonitrile/water = 4/6, temperature = 40°C, [M] = 1.95M and [I] = 2.8 × 10^?4M. One hundred percent conversion was achieved in 90 min and a polymer with a number-average molecular weight of 1,200,000 was obtained.     

粘度法测定部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的分子量

在 2 5℃、浓度为 1mol L的NaCl水溶液中 ,测定了聚合度 (DP)为 1 48× 10 3～ 3 79× 10 4的聚丙烯酰胺 (PAM)及其水解度 (h)在 0 %～ 70 %之间的部份水解聚丙烯酰胺 (HPAM)的特性粘度 ([η]) .根据聚电解质理论和Kowblansky的研究结果 ,建立了特性粘度 [η]与聚合度DP、水解度h之间的定量关系式 :[η]=0 1113DP0 83 2 9+0 9973DP0 753 1 (1- 0 81h1 2 )h .用该式处理方献数据 ,其平均误差为 13 74%     

金属-金属键形成反应的研究: [η^5-RO~2CC~5H~4(CO)~3M]~2Hg(R=Me,Et;M=Cr,Mo,W)的合成及鉴定

η^5-RO~2CC~5H~4(CO)~3MNa与R^1HgCl,R^1=Me, Et, Ph)可发生一种非预期的金属键形成反应, 生成[η^5-RO~2CC~5H~4(CO)~3M]~2Hg(R=Me,Et;M=Cr,Mo,W)。对反应中间物η^5-EtO~2CC~5H~4(CO)~3MoHgPh的研究表明: 反应是按缩合及对称化两步机理进行的。(R=Et,M=Mo)属三斜晶系, 空间群P-1。a=0.6333(1), b=0.7712(1), c=1.4204(4)nm; a=77.31(1),β=74.51(2), γ=68.72(1)^°; V=0.61714nm^3;Z=1;D~x=2.246g/cm^3;R=0.044。     

Poly(2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenyl oxide): Characterization by gel-permeation chromatography,light scattering,and solution viscosity

Ten unfractionated poly(2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) samples were examined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and intrinsic viscosity [η] at 50°C in benzene, by intrinsic viscosity at 25°C in chloroform, and by light scattering at 30°C in chloroform. The GPC column was calibrated with ten narrow-distribution polystyrenes and styrene monomer to yield a “universal” relation of log ([η]M) versus elution volume. GPC-average molecular weights, defined as M?gpc = \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\Sigma w_i [\eta ]_i M_i /\Sigma w_i [\eta ]_i$\end{document}, w_i denoting the weight fraction of polymer of molecular weight M_i, were computed from the GPC and [η] data on the polyethers. The M?GPC were then compared with the weight-average M?_w from light scattering. The intrinsic viscosity (dl/g) versus molecular weight relations for the unfractionated poly(2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene oxides) determined over the molecular weight range 14,000 ≤ M?_w ≤ 1,145,000 are log [η] = ?3.494 + 0.609 log M?_w (chloroform, 25°C) and log [η] = ?3.705 + 0.638 log M?_w (benzene, 50°C). The M?_w(GPC)/M?_n(GPC) ratios for the polymers in the molecular weight range 14,000 ≤ M?_w ≤ 123,000 approximate 1.5 according to computer integrations of the GPC curves with the use of the “universal” calibration and the measured log [η] versus log M?_w relation. The higher molecular weight polymers (326,000 ≤ M?_w ≤ 1,145,000) show slightly broadened distributions.     

吡啶基咪唑[4,5-f]1,10-菲咯啉合成、表征及与瓜环作用的光谱学考察

设计合成了2个吡啶基菲咯啉衍生物2-(3-吡啶基)咪唑[4,5-f]1,10-菲咯啉(G1)和2-(4-吡啶基)咪唑[4,5-f]1,10-菲咯啉(G2),通过元素分析、质谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征。 利用紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱法考察了所合成化合物与六元瓜环Q[6]、七元瓜环Q[7]的相互作用,以及体系pH值对主-客体相互作用的影响。 在酸性条件下,Q[6]、Q[7]与Gl以及Q[6]与G2均发生包合形成1∶1的包合物,并有荧光增敏作用;Q[7]与G2作用形成1∶2包合物,且对G2有荧光猝灭作用;Q[6]、Q[7]与G1的包合常数分别为3.00×104和1.86×104 L/mol;Q[6]、Q[7]与G2的包合常数分别为1.64×104和1.01×103 L/mol。 随着体系酸性减弱,瓜环与客体作用减弱,在中性条件下,瓜环未与客体发生包合作用。