Optimalised current control of electroluminescent diodes under multiplexed excitation

The animation of LED displays for visualisation of graphics or pictures with constant or variable luminance is studied; it results from the determination of control parameter values according to the desired level of average luminance. The maximum of luminance gain shown by several types of LEDS under multiplexed excitation for a constant average current is experimentally determined; the results for green GaP:N diodes, are compared with the results of a simple analytic model in which the working temperature is considered. This maximum determines an optimum multiplexing rate. So, if we take only the behaviour of these LEDS into account, this maximum would lead to an optimum size of displays; an example of such an optimalised control assuming the visualisation of information needing several “grey” levels is given.     

Exciplex formation and electroluminescent absorption in ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes

We investigated the formation of exciplex and electroluminescent absorption in ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes(UV OLEDs) using different heterojunction structures.It is found that an energy barrier of over 0.3 eV between the emissive layer(EML) and adjacent transport layer facilitates exciplex formation.The electron blocking layer effectively confines electrons in the EML,which contributes to pure UV emission and enhances efficiency.The change in EML thickness generates tunable UV emission from 376 nm to 406 nm.In addition,the UV emission excites low-energy organic function layers and produces photoluminescent emission.In UV OLED,avoiding the exciplex formation and averting light absorption can effectively improve the purity and efficiency.A maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.2%with a UV emission peak of 376 nm is realized.     

Highly efficient and bright doped organic electroluminescent diodes using an aluminum electrode

Remarkable improvement in efficiency and electroluminescence (EL) has been observed in an organic EL device, which consists of a hole-transport layer and a luminescent layer. The hole-transport layer is an N,N-bis(3-methyphenyl)-N,N-diphenylbenzidine film. The doped emitting layer consists of 8-(quinolinolate)-aluminum as the host and rubrene as the emission dopant. The doped cell with aluminum cathode demonstrated a luminance in excess of 20,000 cd/m² and an external quantum efficiency of 2.7%, which is about four times and three times, respectively, greater than those of the undoped cell. The EL emission from the device shows spectral narrowing and a shift to higher energy.     

Near-infrared photocatalysis based on upconversion nanomaterials

As the global energy crisis and environmental pollution problems become increasingly severe, it is important to develop new energy capture and pollution management methods. Among these new technologies, photocatalysis has garnered significant interest because of its significant application prospects in harnessing pollution-free solar energy to degrade organic pollutants. From a fundamental scientific and technical perspective, improved optical frequency is a key research topic that provides a useful framework for studying the optical processes impacted by the local photonic environment. This type of study is especially pertinent because plasmonics emphasizes nonlinearity. Thus, near-infrared (NIR) catalysis has received considerable attention. In this review, we aimed to provide an integrated framework for NIR photocatalysis. We briefly introduce photocatalysis based on upconversion (UC) materials, including the efficiency of UC materials and the bination and energy transfer process between the semiconductor and UC particles as well as photoelectric response photocontrolled-delivery and photodynamic therapy based on NIR-responsive materials.     

基于电致发光效应的光学电压传感器

本文综述了基于电致发光效应的光学电压传感器机理、分类及其主要特性,分析总结了此类传感器的研究现状及其存在的主要问题,同时提出未来研究课题的建议。电致发光型电压传感器的主要优点在于不需要载波光源,因而可以有效避免以往光学电压器中工作光源性能不稳定所引起的传感器性能变化;此外,此类电压传感器结构简单、体积小、重量轻、成本低,可以实现较高的性能价格比。今后研究的主要问题包括合理选择电压传感材料与器件、提高传感器的温度和湿度稳定性等。电致发光型电压传感器在电力工业和航空航天等领域的科学研究与实验中将具有广泛的应用前景。     

Near-infrared trace-gas sensors based on room-temperature diode lasers

2 monitor designed for field applications using room-temperature diode lasers are presented. Near-infrared DFB lasers operating at 1.57 μm and around 2.0 μm have been used for CO₂ measurements. At ambient concentration levels a resolution of more than two orders of magnitude has been demonstrated at 1.57 μm, at 2 μm the precision is in the order of 0.1 ppm CO₂, and for trace analysis a detection limit of 10 ppb has been obtained. The measurements demonstrate the capability of near-infrared DFB diode lasers for the precise determination of CO₂ concentrations as required for climatological, medical, or industrial applications. Received: 24 February 1998/Revised version: 27 April 1998     

Thin-film electroluminescent emitters based on calcium sulfide doped with cerium

Stavropol' State Technical University, 2 Kulakov Av., Stavropol', 355000. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 178–181, May–June, 1995.     

Near-infrared methane sensor based on a distributed feedback laser

In this article, a near-infrared methane detection system using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology was designed and implemented. The distributed feedback laser was driven by a self-developed temperature and current controller to allow scanning the selected absorption wavelength at 1654?nm. Laser temperature fluctuation was lower than 0.01%, and the output emission wavelength was linear and stable. The emitted beam passed a reflective gas chamber and was received by the Indium Gallium Arsenide photodiode detector. Through a data acquisition card, a digital lock-in amplifier was developed to extract the second harmonics with real-time monitoring and adjustment. Based on Allan deviation analysis, the limit of detection was about 48?ppm with a path length of 30?cm, at an integration time of 6?s. The experimental results revealed a maximum detection error of less than 3% at a gas concentration higher than 100?ppm. The fluctuations rates in long-term (9?hr) stability measurements for 1?×?10³?ppm and 1?×?10⁴?ppm methane samples were 0.8% and 0.48%, respectively, indicating good stability for the sensor. In the control module design, compared with previous reports on methane detection systems, the current system uses a self-developed temperature controller, a current driver and a signal processor, to allow real-time display and adjustments. The potential for adjustable wavelength scanning is available for multi-gas detection based on a single detection system.     

基于磁激元效应的石墨烯-金属纳米结构近红外吸收研究

石墨烯作为一种单层碳原子二维材料,在可见光和近红外波段吸收率只有2.3%左右,这限制了石墨烯在光电探测、光电调制等领域的应用.本文基于纳米超材料结构的磁激元共振效应,设计了一种金属-绝缘层-金属-石墨烯混合二维浅光栅结构,通过设计混合二维浅光栅结构尺寸来改变石墨烯化学势,实现了石墨烯在近红外波段的吸收增强和调制.利用有限元仿真和等效电路模型,系统地分析了非正入射、结构参数和石墨烯化学势对吸收特性的影响.研究结果表明,混合二维浅光栅结构的磁激元共振效应可以明显提升石墨烯在近红外波段的吸收率,并且对入射角度和极化方向不敏感.在特定结构参数下,混合二维浅光栅结构在1480nm处吸收率达到了85%,其中石墨烯的吸收率为55%,提升了24倍;通过调控石墨烯化学势从0.1eV增大到1.0eV,分别实现了不同结构尺寸下54.8%,50.3%,46.8%的反射率调制深度.     

近红外光谱逆回归降维定量分析模型

在近红外光谱定量分析中,由近红外光谱数据的高维特点引起的复共线性,是利用化学计量方法建模经常遇到的问题,可利用一种新的逆回归方法处理这一问题.该方法首先利用自变量X和因变量Y的相关性质降维,找到真正与回归函数有关的X的线性组合,再利用新找到的低维变量估计回归函数.文中以103个玉米样品为实验材料,随机选择其中70个玉米...     

Negative differential resistance in thin-film electroluminescent emitters based on zinc sulfide

S-and N-type negative differential resistance (NDR) has been observed in thin-film electroluminescent emitters based on zinc sulfide doped with manganese, and conditions for its emergence have been identified. It has been found that when a negative half-wave of voltage is applied to the nontransparent top electrode, an S-type NDR with a region of decreasing current is observed, and when it is applied to the transparent bottom electrode, the NDR will be N-type. The emergence of NDR is due to space charges which form in the near-cathode and near-anode layers of the phosphor.     

White organic light-emitting diodes based on benzothiazole derivative

This paper describes the white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) made from a benzothiazole derivative, N-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine (BPNA). The bright yellowish-white emission was obtained from a non-doped triple-layer device: ITO/NPB (40 nm)/BPNA (50 nm)/Alq₃ (40 nm)/LiF/Al. The Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the device were (0.24, 0.36) at 10 V. The maximum brightness of the device was 9225 cd/m² at 14.4 V. A current efficiency of 3.08 cd/A, a power efficiency of 1.21 lm/W and an external quantum efficiency of 1.18% at a driving current density of 20 mA/cm² were achieved. WOLED with a DCJTB-doped structure of ITO/TcTa/BPNA/BPNA: DCJTB (0.5%)/BPNA/BCP/Alq₃/LiF/Al was fabricated in comparison with the non-doped device. The device emitted bright white light with the CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.29) at 10 V and a maximum luminance of 7723 cd/m² at 14.8 V.     

基于石墨烯复合材料的近红外光驱动的柔性可调光栅

针对现有柔性可调光栅响应速度慢、功耗高而无法广泛应用的现状,提出一种基于石墨烯纳米片(graphene nanoplatelet, GNP)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS)复合材料的近红外(near-infrared, NIR)光驱动可调谐柔性透射光栅结构。利用紫外线光刻技术制备出的光栅结构,实现了柔性透射光栅与石墨烯复合材料薄膜的一体化。在光功率密度为220 mW·cm-2的近红外光驱动下,GNP/PDMS薄膜的温度变化约为120℃,而且光栅在3 s内可实现2.7%的连续周期调谐。不同驱动频率下,光栅栅距变化规律基本相同,即光栅的光机械效应无显著的时间依赖性。     

Synthesis,spectral characterization of CuPcF16 and its application in organic thin film transistors using p-6p as inducing layer

An air-stable n-channel semiconductor material, CuPcF₁₆, was synthesized in a slightly modified procedure and characterized by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis and fluorescence spectra. CuPcF₁₆ showed a monomer characteristic in THF and pyridine while exhibited an aggregation property in DMF. The CuPcF₁₆/p-6p (CuPcF₁₆ on p-6p) organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) using CuPcF₁₆ as an active layer and p-6p as an inducing layer was fabricated by the physical vapor deposition technique. Charge carrier field-effect mobility (μ), I_on/I_off and threshold voltage (V_T) of the CuPcF₁₆/p-6p OTFTs were 0.07 cm²/V s, 10⁵ and 5.28 V, respectively. The charge mobility of the OTFTs was two or even three times higher than that of the conventional single layer CuPcF₁₆-based OTFTs. The improved performance was attributed to the introduction of p-6p to form a highly oriented and continuous film of CuPcF₁₆ with the molecular π–π conjugated direction parallel to the substrate.     

Near-infrared fundus camera based on polarization switch in stray light elimination

This letter shows that the human eye fundus tissue has higher reflectivity at the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength, and that some aberrations exist at the pre-optical system from cornea to vitreous. We design a NIR fundus camera with inner focusing, which can be applied to the -10D to 10D range of vision and has the advantage of ensuring the stability of image when is focused. Considered as Liou’s eye aberration model, we correct the integrated aberration to ensure a 100lp/mm resolution when we complete the assembly and calibration of the fundus camera. Kohler illumination is also applied to obtain uniform fundus illumination. Moreover, we put forward a novel method for stray light elimination based on polarization switch, which inhibits ghost image formation near the focal plane when the illumination beam is reflected by the eyepiece surface. The result shows that this method is effective in ensuring an illumination uniformity of 80%, with the advantage of simple structure and easy assembly.     

GaN基蓝光半导体激光器的发展

文章介绍了下一代光存储用半导体激光器——GaN蓝光激光器的发展状况．对衬底材料的发展现状、外延片的生长技术以及激光器的制作工艺都作了论述．阐明了GaN激光器的一些技术路线，如GaN同质生长衬底的发展，侧向外延生长技术的采用以及湿法腐蚀腔面等．另外还介绍了GaN半导体激光器数字多功能光盘(DVD)的实用化进程．     

Efficient green-phosphorescent light-emitting diodes based on polymeric binary-host systems

The fabrication of the green polymer light-emitting diodes based on emission from the phosphorescent molecule fac tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium doped into a polymeric binary-host is reported. The main host used in the PLEDs was a non-conjugated polymer, poly(9-vinyl carbazole) (PVK). To realize the balanced transport of the holes and the electrons, a conjugated polymer, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) was used as the assisting host. According to the experimental results, we found that the PLEDs can achieve the balance in charge transport and the recombination zone is still confined in the emissive layer by controlling the ratio of PVK to PFO. The luminous efficiency is enhanced by >40% while the external quantum efficiency can be increased by >38% in a polymeric binary-host system as compared to those of traditional device configuration, which is attributed to the balanced transport of the charged carrier.