火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定菠萝中的铜、锌、铁、锰

探讨了用微波消化罐消化样品、以火焰原子吸收光谱法在同一体系中测定菠萝中微量元素铜、锌、铁、锰的方法。考察了硝酸、过氧化氢的不同用量以及消化时间长短的影响和在同一体系中钢、锌、铁、锰的彼此干扰情况。在选定条件下，检测限铜为0．0060μg/mL、锌为0．0074μg/mL、铁为0．0040μg/mL、锰为0．0090μg/mL，相对标准偏差1．9％-4．7％，回收率93．2％-105％。     

微柱高效液相色谱法测定环境样品中的铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、锰

研究了用 2-(2-喹啉偶氮 )-间苯二酚 (QAR)为柱前衍生试剂 ,以WatersXterraTM RP18(1 .0×5 0mm ,2. 5 μm)微柱为固定相 ,60 %的甲醇 (内含 0 . 5 %的醋酸 )为流动相 ,高效液相色谱分离、二极管矩阵检测器测定铁、钴、镍、铜、锌和锰的方法。根据信噪比 (S N =3 )得各金属离子的检测限分别为 :铁3 μg L、钴 4μg L、镍 2 μg L、铜 4μg L、锌 5 μg L、锰 8μg L ,方法用于环境样品中痕量铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、锰的测定 ,相对标准偏差在 1 . 6%～ 3 . 5 %之间 ,标准回收率为 93 %～ 1 0 7%。     

离子交换分离石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯铟中痕量铊

用硝酸溶解高纯铟样品,阳离子交换树脂分离痕量铊,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯铟中痕量铊.样品中痕量砷、铝、铁、锡与大量的铟被分离,0.4μg的铜,0.5 μg的锌、镉、镁、银、镍,1.0 μg的铅、硅对0.2 ng铊测定无影响.方法检出限为6 Pg,加标回收率为94%～108%.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定多金属矿石中铁、铜、铅、锌、砷、锑、钼和镉的含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定多金属矿石中铁、铜、铅、锌、砷、锑、钼和镉的含量。以盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸体系处理多金属矿石样品。选择铁、铜、铅、锌、砷、锑、钼、镉的分析线分别为259.9,324.7,220.3,213.8,189.0,206.8,202.0,228.8nm。各元素的质量浓度在一定范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.21~8.4μg·g-1之间。方法应用于矿石标准物质(GBW 07162和GBW 07163)的分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=12)在0.4%~2.8%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅锌矿尾矿渣中铜、铅、锌和镉

采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶解样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了铅锌矿尾矿渣中的铜、铅、锌和镉。以铑为内标元素,选择63 Cu,66Zn,208 Pb,114 Cd作为测量同位素。铜、铅、锌的线性范围为200μg·L-1,镉的线性范围为1.0μg·L-1,检出限(3s)分别为0.04,0.10,0.03,0.003μg·g-1。测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.39%~2.2%之间。用此方法分析标准物质,测定值与认定值相符。     

微波消解—火焰原子吸收法测定豌豆中微量元素锰、锌、铜、铁的含量

探讨了采用微波消解法处理样品,以FAAS法在同一体系中测定豌豆中微量元素锰、锌、铜、铁的方法,包括硝酸、过氧化氢的用量以及消化时间长短对实验的不同影响和在同一体系中锰、锌、铜、铁的彼此干扰情况。在选定的条件下,测得豌豆中锰、锌、铜、铁的含量分别为:锰10.05 mg/g、锌9.48 mg/g、铜3.06 mg/g、铁18.30 mg/g,回收率96.8%~98.9%。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定香蕉中的铜铁锌锰

研究了香蕉中的金属元素的含量和火焰原子吸收光谱法在同一体系中测定香蕉中微量元素铜、铁、锌、锰的方法，考察了硝酸、过氧化氢的不同用量以及消化时间长短的影响和在同一体系中铜、铁、锌、锰的相互干扰情况。在选定条件下铜检测限为0．064μg／mL，铁为0．275μg／mL，锌为0．157μg／mL，锰为0．187μg／mL，相对标准偏差为1．9％-4．7％，回收率为92．3％-105．0％。     

硝酸镉中铁铜锌铅的FAAS快速分析测试技术

运用FAAS快速分析硝酸镉中铁、铜、锌、铅含量,建立了铁、铜、锌、铅的共振线,灯电流,酸性介质等最佳实验条件．显示出该方法具有很好的灵敏度和材料重现性,具有方法步骤简单、操作容易、干扰少等特点．测定样品铁、铜、锌、铅含量的相对标准偏差均小于1．0％（n=10）．标准加入回收率均在97．0％～98．5％范围内．适用于硝酸镉中铁、铜、锌、铅的含量控制分析和样品系统分析．     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定固体中兽药制剂中金属元素

为了实现对固体中兽药制剂中金属元素的准确测定,采用硝酸-双氧水及微波消解进行样品前处理,消解后置消解管于赶酸仪中170℃赶酸,采用微波消解和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）法相结合对固体中兽药制剂中铬、砷、镉、铅、钠、镁、钾、锰、铁、铜、锌、硒、钙、磷等14种元素同时测定,轴向观测方向,内标法定量。消解及赶酸效果理想,整个过程安全、高效、无损。对消解方式进行了考察,并对消解酸体系及消解温度进行了优化,选择了最优的赶酸温度及元素分析谱线,同时也通过试剂加标回收、样品加标回收、样品处理液加标回收相比较的方式验证了方法的可行性。结果表明,铅、镉、铬、砷在0.001～0.01 μg/mL,锰、铜、硒在0.002～0.02 μg/mL,铁、锌在0.1～1.0 μg/mL,镁、钙在1.0～10.0 μg/mL,钠、钾、磷在2.0～50.0 μg/mL之间线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均大于0.9990,各元素方法检出限在0.1～1.0 mg/kg之间,平均回收率在90.0%～110.0%,精密度RSD小于10%（n=5）。该方法前处理简便快捷,干扰小,重现性好,灵敏度高,可同时测定多种元素,满足批量测定固体中兽药制剂中铬、砷、镉、铅、钠、镁、钾、锰、铁、铜、锌、硒、钙、磷等14种元素定量分析的要求。     

微波辅助提取原子吸收光谱法快速检测食品中铅、镉、锰、锌

采用微波辅助提取样品,建立食品中铅、镉、锰、锌的原子吸收光谱快速检测方法。以1%（体积分数）硝酸溶液为提取溶剂,在提取温度为120℃、提取时间为30 min、样品质量为0.2～0.3 g的条件下,食品中的铅、镉、锰、锌提取率均能达到81%～109%。铅的质量浓度在0～10μg/L范围内,镉的质量浓度在0～2.00μg/L范围内,锰、锌的质量浓度在0～1 000μg/L范围内与吸光度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999。当取样质量为0.3 g、定容体积为10 mL时,样品中铅、镉、锰、锌的检出限分别为0.006、0.001、0.2、0.05 mg/kg。在优化的实验条件下,标准物质GBW10051中4种元素测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于10%(n=6),6种不同种类的国家标准物质的测定值与认定值基本一致,8种实际样品的测定结果与国标法测定结果的相对偏差为-19%～15%。该方法硝酸用量少,样品处理效率高,测量准确度高,适用于食品中铅、镉、锰、锌的快速检测。     

微波消解/ICP-OES法同时测定发菜中Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn

采用微波消解处理样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定了发菜中微量元素Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn含量。结果表明,各元素检出限分别为1.58、0.79、0.52、0.67μg.mL1;相对标准偏差均小于2.2%;回收率为92.7%~101.3%。该法精密度高、准确度好,所测数据可为发菜的合理利用提供依据。     

Determination of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn in blood fractions and whole blood of humans by ICP-OES

Inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was applied to the determination of the elements Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn in blood plasma, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and whole blood to obtain reliable data on their distribution in blood fractions. The samples were carefully collected to avoid contamination. Two different nebulizers (Babington and Meinhard) were tested and optimized for this analytical problem. Line selections for all elements of interest were performed (LODs were 0.8 μg/L for Ca, 1.7 μg/L for Cu, 3.0 μg/L for Fe, 1.1 μg/L for Mg, and 4.2 μg/L for Zn). Recoveries were determined as approx. 100%, and standard reference material was analyzed to obtain reliable data on element distribution. The optimized method was applied to the determination of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn in the course of a clinical study on blood and blood fractions of two groups of humans of differing health. The concentrations measured in blood fractions were verified by balancing with the values found in whole blood.     

New sorbents and indicator powders for preconcentration and determination of trace metals in liquid samples

Two approaches to immobilize complex-forming analytical reagents (PAN, PAR, Xylenol orange, Brombenzothiazo, Crystal violet, Cadion, and Sulfochlorophenolazorhodanine) for the preparation of new sorbents and indicator powders are suggested: on-line coating of reversed-phase silica gel by reagents or doping of porous sol-gel silica with reagents. The retention of Ag, Cd, Cu(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni, Pb, and Zn on the sorbents developed was investigated. Quantitative sorption and desorption conditions were optimized. Procedures for the determination of Cd, Cu(II), Fe(III), Pb, and Zn with flame atomic absorption, spectrophotometric, and diffusion scattering spectrometric detection were elaborated. Detection limits for Cd, Cu(II), Fe(III), Pb, and Zn were 3 μg/L, 6 μg/L, 5 μg/L, 40 μg/L, and 1 μg/L, respectively. The procedures were used for the analysis of various real samples, e.g., natural and waste waters, and food.     

Silica Gel-Immobilized 5-aminoisophthalohydrazide: A novel sorbent for solid phase extraction of Cu,Zn and Pb from natural water samples

A novel silica sorbent, silica gel-immobilized 5-aminoisophthalohydrazide (SiO₂-APH), was prepared by the condensation of 3-chloropropyl-functionalized silica gel with 5-aminoisophthalohydrazide (APH) derived from dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate as a starting material and used for separation and preconcentration of Cu, Zn, and Pb metals in water samples using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The characterization of the new sorbent was carried out by Elemental Analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Important analytical parameters including as pH, amount of sorbent, type and amount of eluting solvent, sample volume, vortex and ultrasonic bath time, matrix ions that effect the developed SiO₂-APH-solid phase extraction (SPE) method were investigated and optimum parameters were detected. Recoveries of examined metals were obtained as 98% for Cu and Pb and 101% for Zn. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 8) of Cu, Zn and Pb metals were 3.2, 2.8 and 1.6%, respectively. Limit of detections (LODs) (n = 10) were found as 2.7 μg L⁻¹ for Cu, 7.4 μg L⁻¹ for Zn and 3.5 μg L⁻¹ for Pb μg L⁻¹. The accuracy of the new method was assessed by analyzing of TMDA-51.4 and TMDA-70.2 certified reference materials. The results obtained for metals were in a good agreement with certified values. Addition/recovery test was applied to the real well, river, dam and stream water samples to check the accuracy of the method. The results showed that the developed SiO₂-APH-SPE method can be effectively used as an alternative method for determination of Cu, Zn, and Pb metals in water samples.     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)测定银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量

针对银精矿样品复杂,难消解的特点,研究了不同酸溶法和碱熔法对样品的消解情况,建立了硝酸,盐酸,氢氟酸,高氯酸消解银精矿的方法。根据元素灵敏度和抗干扰性,选定各元素的测定波长。通过酸溶样和碱熔样测定结果比对,验证了方法准确性。建立了四酸消解-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量的方法,元素的线性相关系数均在0.9999以上。通过共存元素干扰实验,确定了银精矿中高含量元素(铜、铅、锌、铁、锑、铋等)对测定元素结果没有影响。方法检出限：Cu 0.0063 mg/L, Pb 0.0159 mg/L ,Zn 0.0090 mg/L,As 0.0192 mg/L, Cd 0.0093 mg/L ,Ca 0.0084 mg/L, Mg 0.0075 mg/L, Mn 0.0081 mg/L。测定下限：Cu 0.0105mg/L,Pb 0.0265 mg/L, Zn 0.0150 mg/L, As 0.0320 mg/L, Cd 0.0155 mg/L, Ca 0.0140 mg/L, Mg 0.0125 mg/L,Mn 0.0135 mg/L。3个样品的相对标准偏差在0.87%~3.56%之间,加标回收率在95.00%~103.56%之间。方法流程短,操作简单,快速,灵敏度和再现性高,结果准确可靠,可以满足银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量的测定。     

Direct determination of Cu,Mn, Pb,and Zn in beer by thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

In this work, thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS) was employed for Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn determination in beer without any sample digestion. The system was optimized and calibration was based on the analyte addition technique. A sample volume of 300 μl was introduced into the hot Ni tube at a flow-rate of 0.4 ml min⁻¹ using 0.14 mol l⁻¹ nitric acid solution or air as carrier. Different Brazilian beers were directly analyzed after ultrasonic degasification. Results were compared with those obtained by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The detection limits obtained for Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn in aqueous solution were 2.2, 18, 1.6, and 0.9 μg l⁻¹, respectively. The relative standard deviations varied from 2.7% to 7.3% (n=8) for solutions containing the analytes in the 25–50 μg l⁻¹ range. The concentration ranges obtained for analytes in beer samples were: Cu: 38.0–155 μg l⁻¹; Mn: 110–348 μg l⁻¹, Pb: 13.0–32.9 μg l⁻¹, and Zn: 52.7–226 μg l⁻¹. Results obtained by TS-FF-AAS and GFAAS were in agreement at a 95% confidence level. The proposed method is fast and simple, since sample digestion is not required and sensitivity can be improved without using expensive devices. The TS-FF-AAS presented suitable sensitivity for determination of Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn in the quality control of a brewery.     

Acid predigestion as a slurry pretreatment for the determination of Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Na and Zn in human scalp hair by flame atomic absorption/emission spectrometry with a high-performance nebulizer

A comparison was carried out between the use of wetting agents, Viscalex HV30 or glycerol, and an acid predigestion of the slurry for the determination of major metals (Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Na and Zn) in human scalp hair by FAAS/FAES with a high-performance nebulizer. Human scalp hair was pulverized in a Zr vibrating ball mill over a period of 20 min (mean particle size about 0.8 μm measured by laser diffraction). The use of wetting agents was only found adequate for dilute slurries; thus, Viscalex HV30 can be proposed for the determination of Zn in scalp hair slurries (relative atomization efficiency close to unit). For all cases, the use of acidified slurries with nitric acid at a concentration of 1.0% offers adequate analytical performance: LODs of 5.0, 3.5, 3.1 and 20.0 mg kg^–1 for Ca, Cu, Fe and K, respectively, and 1.7, 0.6 and 3.5 μg kg^–1 for Mg, Na and Zn. The repeatability of the overall method (n = 11), acid predigestion-slurry pretreatment and FAAS/FAES determination expressed as RSD (%), was between 8.7 for Zn and 18.6 for K. The developed methods were applied to 25 human scalp hair samples from healthy adults.     

兰州市城关区313名儿童血铅水平及其钙、铁、铜和锌的调查研究

为了解兰州市城关区儿童血铅水平及其钙、锌、铁、铜等微量元素分布状况,对兰州市城关区某幼儿园及同时期来我院儿保体检的正常儿童采耳用微量血无火焰原子吸收光谱法进行铅、钙、锌、铜、铁元素的测定。结果表明,本次调查儿童血铅≥10μg/dL者占93．9％,各年龄组间钙、锌、铜、铁有显著性差异。提示血铅水平与锌、钙存在相关关系。     

沉淀/共沉淀-膜富集-X射线荧光法快速分析近岸海水中的重金属

建立了近岸海水中多种重金属(铁、镍、锰、铜、锌及铅)的氢氧化物和硫化物的沉淀/共沉淀-膜富集-X射线荧光测定法.在海水样品中加入沉淀剂,使重金属离子生成氢氧化物或硫化物沉淀.沉淀经过滤截留,富集在膜上,直接以手持式X射线荧光仪检测.富集100 mL水样时,两种沉淀法的测定线性范围均为12.5～400 μg/L,即测定限均为12.5 μg/L.对各重金属浓度为100μg/L的试样连续测定7次,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.7％～6.4％;氢氧化物沉淀法的检出限在1.32～7.84 μ g/L之间;硫化物沉淀法为1.94～11.0 μg/L.用本方法成功测定了厦门近岸海域及九龙江河口海水中的重金属浓度.基于样品酸化与否及过滤先后顺序的不同,本方法可用于海水和河口水样中可溶态、溶解态及游离态重金属的现场快速分析.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定蝴蝶藤中六种金属元素的含量

中药蝴蝶藤对溃疡性结肠炎有显著疗效,为了解其治疗作用,用原子吸收光谱法测定了蝴蝶藤中6种金属元素的含量,采用浓硝酸微波消解法处理样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法和石墨炉法对此样品中的金属元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ca、Pb的含量进行了测定。结果表明,蝴蝶藤中Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ca、Pb含量分别为26.732、9.762、17.164、21.576、1 923.412、0.234μg.mL-1,加样回收率为97.1%～102.7%。该法操作简单、结果准确,是蝴蝶藤中微量元素检测的理想方法。