铜-二正丁胺络合体系催化的2,6-二甲基苯酚聚合反应研究

采用间歇溶液聚合法制备了聚苯醚(PPO),对铜-二正丁胺络合体系催化的2,6-二甲基苯酚聚合反应进行了研究。探讨了络合反应对催化剂活性的影响,优化了二正丁胺用量以及单体的浓度和滴加速度。实验表明聚合反应适宜的条件是:温度为(32±2)℃,聚合反应时间为2.5-3.0h。     

去氢甲睾的血药浓度检测

用气相色谱(GC)的内标定量法(ISTD)对拟作为饲料添加剂的去氢甲睾(DHMT),于9名志愿者口服50 mg后,设定时间点抽血,测定血药浓度.实验结果的以药后时间(h)为序1,2,3,6,9,11,14,24,48,72,浓度为(μg/mL)0.25±0.05,4.2±0.19,7.8±1.05,11.5±1.09,15.8±2.00,10.5±0.97,10.7±0.92,9.3±1.36,4.4±0.18,0.44±0.07.数据表明达峰时间为9h,峰值为15.8±2.00(μg/mL),显示DHMT在血中吸收及消除较为缓慢,如果连续用药,必须考虑累积效应.     

新型引发体系——Cu(Ⅲ)络离子引发聚合反应动力学的研究(Ⅰ)——丙烯酰胺自还原引发聚合反应

二过碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)络离子在小分子氧化反应动力学方面的研究已有报道。但用于自由基聚合反应方面的研究至今尚未见报道。本文系用膨胀计法研究了Cu(Ⅲ)为氧化剂、丙烯酰胺(简称AM)为还原剂引发AM聚合反应动力学,得到聚合速率方程及聚合物分子量,探讨了反应机理。 1 实验部分 1.1 仪器和试剂 超级恒温水浴(精度±0.1℃);测高仪;UV-3000分光光度计(日本津鸟);红外光谱仪(日立260-50),试剂除AM外,其它均为分析纯。     

3,5-二硝基苯甲酸酯基改性的HEMA/NVP交联微球对肌酐的吸附特性与吸附机理

制备了平均粒径为180μm的甲基丙烯酸β-羟乙酯(HEMA)与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)交联共聚物微球(HEMA/NVP),使用3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯(DNBC)对其进行了化学改性,制得了表面键合有大量3,5-二硝基苯甲酸酯基(DNBZ)的功能微球DNBZ-HEMA/NVP;采用红外光谱(FTIR)与化学分析法对其化学结构及组成进行了表征;重点研究了功能微球DNBZ-HEMA/NVP对肌酐的吸附特性与吸附机理.静态吸附实验表明,DNBZ-HEMA/NVP对肌酐具有强的吸附作用,交联微球HEMA/NVP经DNBC化学改性后,对肌酐的吸附容量提高了20倍;DNBZ-HEMA/NVP对肌酐的吸附性能受介质pH值及盐度的影响很大;当pH值较小或较大时,吸附容量都较低,pH=8.5时,吸附容量最大;介质的盐度越大,吸附容量越小.研究结果表明,DNBZ-HEMA/NVP对肌酐的吸附属化学吸附,而且是静电相互作用驱动下的化学吸附.     

抗肿瘤药物替加氟与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的热化学研究

在298.15 K下, 以等温滴定微量热(ITC)实验数据为依据,根据合理假设和Langmuir结合理论, 应用非线性最小方差拟合方法测定了抗肿瘤药物替加氟(Tegafur)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合过程热力学性质的改变. 研究结果表明, 牛血清白蛋白与替加氟相互作用存在两类结合位点: (1) N=52.00±0.12, K=(9.83±0.13)×104 L/mol, ΔH=(30.10±0.17) kJ/mol>0, ΔS=(196.00±0.65) J/(mol·K)>0, ΔG=(-28.50±0.66) kJ/mol<0, 表现为熵驱动过程, 疏水相互作用为过程的主要推动力; (2) N=86.00±0.14, K=(9.35±0.13)×104 L/mol, ΔH=(-19.80±0.17) kJ/mol<0, ΔS=(28.30±0.50) J/(mol·K)>0, ΔG=(-28.40±0.43) kJ/mol<0, 表现为焓-熵协同过程, 氢键和静电相互作用为过程的主要推动力. 圆二色谱(CD)分析结果表明, 抗肿瘤药物替加氟诱导蛋白质(BSA)二级结构单元的相对含量发生了一定程度的变化.     

应用动态图形分析仪对失血性休克大鼠生理参数的处理

为评价动态图形分析仪对休克动物定量分析的可行性 ,应用其对SD休克大鼠相关生理参数及肠系膜微循环进行了动态研究 .第一次放血后的大鼠相关指标分别变化如下 :血压 (BP)从 115 .40± 10 .5 0mmHg(1mmHg =133 .32 2Pa)下降至 6 0 .10± 2 .70mmHg ;血液流速 (V)由 1135 .40± 11.2 5mm/s减慢为 989.2 3± 7.32mm/s;小血管口径 (D)从 12 0 .0 0± 2 .14μm缩小为 79.13± 1.18μm ;镜下血管数目由每视野 8根变为 4根 ;中心静脉压 (CVP)7.0 0± 0 .0 7mmHg降至 6 .80± 4.0 0mmHg ;血液流态由线流改为线粒流 .待BP回升或接近正常后第二次放血 ,则BP由 10 8.5 0± 5 .5 0mmHg降至 40 .40± 3 .2 0mmHg ;CVP由 7.15± 0 .0 1mmHg升至 9.6 6± 0 .0 2mmHg ;V值由76 .5 0± 2 3 .6 0mm/s减慢为 36 .72± 10 .2 0mm/s;D值由 6 0 .5 0± 8.12 μm增加为 75 .2 0± 9.6 5 μm ,且镜下血管数目增加 ,流态呈现粒流并出现摆流 .回输两次所抽血液后BP短时增高 ,其余指标无明显变化     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠肝过氧化物酶体膜磷脂

 用 HPL C测定了过氧化物酶体膜磷脂的含量。用 Folch法提取膜脂质 ,以 μ-Porasil Si60为固定相 ,以乙腈-甲醇 -磷酸为流动相 ,采用梯度洗脱 ,紫外检测波长 2 0 5 nm。标准回收率 :心磷脂 (C)为 (1 0 3 .97± 1 2 .5 7) % ,磷脂酰肌醇 (PI)为 (88.2 3± 5 .42 ) % ,磷脂酰丝氨酸 (PS)为 (90 .3 3± 6.84) % ,磷脂酰乙醇胺 (PE)为 (84.41±1 0 .2 2 ) % ,磷脂酰胆碱 (PC)为 (89.78± 8.70 ) % ,鞘磷脂 (SM)为 (84.0 4± 1 2 .0 6) %。最小检出限分别为 :C1 2ng,PI 8ng,PS 2 3 ng,PE 4ng,PC 2 3 ng,SM 7ng。线性关系与回收率较好 ,结果令人满意。     

取代基效应与乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物的序列结构——5.乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物

本文应用取代基效应(SCS)方法研究了乙烯-乙烯醇(EVA)共聚物,得到了羟基(-OH)在两种不同溶剂中的SCS参数:在苯酚+重水(80/20W/W)中参数为S_1=42.77±0.08ppm,S_2=7.155±0.06ppm,S_3(s)=-4.08±0.02ppm,S_3(t)=-3.09±0.02ppm,S_4=0.48±0.03ppm,S_5=0.26±0.05ppm,在以邻二氯苯为溶剂时参数为S_1=44.97±0.61ppm,S_2=7.40±0.00ppm,S_3(s)=-4.51±0.17ppm,S_3(t)=-3.13±0.00ppm,S_4=0.63±0.04ppm,S_5=0.36±0.00ppm,同时利用所得到的SCS参数对该共聚物的~(13)C NMR谱进行了归属。     

生物小分子的电分析化学研究 Ⅱ.鸟嘌呤、腺嘌呤和次黄嘌呤在粗热解石墨电极上的分子定向和表面相互作用

本文讨论了鸟嘌呤、腺嘌呤和次黄嘌呤等嘌呤类生物小分子在几种电极上的反应活性,并选用粗热解石墨电极研究了它们的电化学性质.实验结果表明它们的电极过程是受吸附作用控制的.在粗热解石墨电极上鸟嘌呤以C(2)—NH_2、腺嘌呤以C(6)—NH_2、次黄嘌呤以N(1)—H基团按垂直方向吸附于电极表面,电极表面分子间存在着相斥的相互作用.鸟嘌呤、腺嘌呤和次黄嘌呤的吸附平衡常数分别为:(3.34±1.00)×10~5,和(4.38±1.20)×10~5和(4.13±1.21)×10~5;吸附能分别为:(31.5±0.77),(32.1±0.70)和(32.0±0.75)kJ/mol.这些数值表明它们在粗热解石墨电极上具有中等偏强的物理吸附作用.     

阳江市幼儿头发中微量元素含量分析

测定了阳江市4449名1～7岁儿童头发中6种元素含量.结果表明,该市儿童头发中的 Zn为(82.15±19.00)×10-6 ,Ca为(511.56±93.55)×10-6 ,Mn为(1.81±0.86)×10-6 ,均低于国内报道的正常儿童发中元素含量低限值 Zn 87.75×10-6,Ca 603.25×10-6,Mn 2.14×10-6.该市儿童发 Pb平均值为(12.82±7.43)×10-6,显著高于国内报道的正常儿童发 Pb高限值10.43×10-6.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.