新课程背景下学生自主学习的案例

自主学习激发了学生的学习能动性和创造性,利于学生创新、自主能力的培养。笔者在化学新课程的日常教学中,尝试让学生自主学习,激发了学生的学习潜能,收到了很好的效果。     

基于“化学信息检索”课程培养学生自主学习能力

从3个方面阐述了利用"化学信息检索"课程培养学生自主学习能力的做法和体会,包括培养学生自主总结信息检索方法,培养学生利用信息检索自主学习专业课程以及自主培养科研能力。     

新课程有效教学方法初探——培养学生自主学习能力的课堂教学策略

自主学习、合作学习、探究性学习是最重要的三种学习方式,而自主学习是实现其他学习方法的基础,但是目前刚进入高一的学生严重缺乏自主学习的意识和能力,解决这一问题是实施新课程的一个关键。本文总结了在课堂内培养学生自主学习的意识和能力的具体做法。     

自主学习能力与学习成绩相关性分析——基于对化学学科学生自主学习能力的实证研究

自主学习能力是当代社会对学生所提出的一种新能力。研究证明,学生自主学习能力的4个维度：计划的制定及实施、自我的反思、多元化评价和及时地调控与学生学习成绩呈现正相关,且相关性显著。提高学生的自主学习能力的主要途径包括转变教学观念,培养自主学习意识;明确学习目标,提升自主学习成效;开展多元评价,提高自主学习能力;加强反思调控,升华自主学习精神。     

高中化学课余自主学习的设计策略

将化学教学与学生生活相融合,通过设计生活中的探究学习任务,使用贴吧作为学生自主学习的交流平台,促进学生对生活和化学的了解,促进学生课余的自主学习。并通过实例具体叙述了生活中的探究学习任务的设计策略和网络交流平台的使用策略。     

高中化学新课程实施中学生自主学习能力的培养

培养学生自主学习能力是教育改革的一项主要目标,也是提高教育教学质量的重要途径。从狠抓自主学习、调查研究学情、整合课程资源和打造高效课堂4个方面谈了笔者培养学生自主学习能力的体会和做法。     

高中学生化学自主学习的现状和优化策略

1问题的提出 新课程与传统学习方式比较,新课程提倡以弘扬人的主体性、能动性、独立性为宗旨的自主学习。让学生怎样学习和学习怎样思考比学习具体内容更重要,现代社会在飞速发展,需要终生学习,终生学习主要是自主学习,这就很需要了解学生化学自主学习的现状,并进行科学分析,从而对学生自主学习化学的实践活动提出进一步优化的策略。     

基于"三维一体"线上线下混合式教学创新的探索与实践——以无机及分析化学课程为例

通过教材与自建慕课平台互补的立体课程体系,提供拓展式学习渠道;通过内容导学和任务驱动,"三维一体"线上线下混合式教学有效促进了学生自主学习,根据学生学习成效反馈实时调整教学内容和教学进度设计;通过教学目标与学习活动关联,强化学生在教学过程中的自主度和参与度,利用过程评价激发学生学习的内驱力,帮助学生通过调控学习过程促进深度学习.     

化学新课程教学中学生自主学习能力现状调查

自主学习是一种学生主动参与的、建构性的学习过程.自主学习能力是由内在学习动机、认知策略与元认知监控3个要素构成的.依据自主学习能力的构成及化学学科的特点,我们通过自编问卷测查化学新课程教学中学生自主学习能力的现状.结果显示,目前中学化学教学中学生自主学习能力水平较高,但随着年级的升高,学生的化学自主学习能力水平却呈现出显著降低的趋势.     

网络课堂辅助基础化学教学的研究与应用

介绍网络课堂在基础化学课程教学中的作用。利用网络课堂,实现了教学资源立体化、网络化,为学生的自主学习创造了条件,也加强了师生间的交流,对提高学生的学习兴趣和自主学习能力起到了较好的作用。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。