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微藻具有光合效率高、生长周期短、油含量高等特性,是一种极具前景的生物柴油大宗原料。藻体采收和油脂提取是决定微藻柴油生产成本的关键环节,此下游技术的改进对提高微藻产油的经济性意义重大。本文综述了国内外微藻培养液的浓缩采收方法,并对絮凝沉降、絮凝气浮、离心和过滤等方法的作用机制和采收效率进行比较;阐述了目前微藻油脂的提取技术,从操作条件和能量消耗角度分别对有机溶剂、超临界和亚临界法进行评价;特别介绍了一种同时实现微藻生长和油脂提取的新型微藻油脂原位萃取法;最后总结了微藻能源下游技术中存在的主要问题和今后的发展方向,为进一步提高微藻生物柴油经济性提出参考性意见。 相似文献
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研究了湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)在改性ZSM-5分子筛上催化裂解制取低碳烯烃的过程.与热裂解过程相比,湛江等鞭金藻催化裂解可以得到更高的低碳烯烃选择性和收率.同时还研究了湛江等鞭金藻中不同油脂和藻渣的催化裂解.结果表明,微藻中的油脂能有效转化为烯烃,其中中性脂的烯烃收率最高,可达36.7%.不同溶剂抽提后得到的藻渣也可转化为低碳烯烃,但收率远低于微藻中的油脂.微藻中的油脂,特别是中性脂,是烯烃的主要贡献者,提高微藻中的中性脂含量能够得到更高的低碳烯烃收率. 相似文献
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以市售大豆油、玉米油、椰子油、葵花籽油和鱼油为原料油脂,通过气相色谱仪检测其脂肪酸含量,并根据原料油脂的脂肪酸特点和GB 10765-2010的相关规定,通过Matlab软件和Excel线性规划求解,设计出6种人乳脂质替代品样品,采用Schaal烘箱加速氧化法,研究同步荧光技术结合传统化学试剂法(氧化指标:过氧化值、茴香胺值、总氧化值)监控6种样品的氧化过程,通过统计学分析数据,探索荧光强度和氧化指标之间的统计学关系。结果表明:椰子油的主要脂肪酸为月桂酸和肉豆蔻酸,其饱和脂肪酸含量最高(93.75%±0.06%);而其余油脂主要由棕榈酸、亚油酸等组成,其中鱼油的不饱和脂肪酸最高。随着氧化时间的延长,荧光强度逐渐减弱,氧化指标数值不断增大;相关分析和回归分析结果表明,6种样品的氧化指标与荧光强度的变化均呈负相关,R~2均大于0.9。 相似文献
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《化学研究与应用》2016,(7)
采用超临界CO2萃取和正己烷提取的萝卜籽毛油为原料,依次按照水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、吸附脱色和真空加热脱臭的工序对毛油进行精炼,并考察了各精炼阶段油脂的理化指标及脂肪酸组成变化情况。结果表明,各精炼阶段对萝卜籽油的相对密度、折光指数、碘值和皂化值没有显著影响,磷脂含量、酸值、过氧化值和色泽则变化显著。萝卜籽油脂肪酸组成与菜籽油相似,各精炼阶段组成均有变化,但是变化幅度都比较小,油脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量有所降低。精炼萝卜籽油清澈透明,酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量等指标均达到国家二级食用油的标准,其中油脂中的不饱和脂肪酸含量可达到85%,单不饱和脂肪酸含量可达到64%。 相似文献
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《分析试验室》2010,(Z1)
分别采用硅烷化和甲酯化、GC-MS/SIM法比较分析了烟叶中甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、油酸、亚麻酸、十八酸等25种脂肪酸。结果显示,采用硅烷化前处理方法可以检测到甲酸和乙酸,而甲酯化法未检出;重复性相对标准偏差(RSD)分别在0.87%~5.67%和1.10%~6.07%;硅烷化法回收率(Recovery)除甲酸较低(51.6%)外,其余在83.5%~109.6%,而甲酯化法回收率大多在70%以上,其中有11种在90%~110%;硅烷化法各脂肪酸的检测限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)均低于甲酯化法。因此,硅烷化法更适合于同时批量分析烟叶中的多种脂肪酸,并采用该法对部分烟叶样品进行了定量分析。 相似文献
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不同工艺的荔枝核提取物抗氧化活性的比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分别采用回流提取、热浸提取、微波辅助提取法分离荔枝核活性成分,测定了不同工艺制备的荔枝核提取物抑制油脂氧化以及清除羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的抗氧化活性.结果表明,荔枝核提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,能够有效地抑制油脂氧化;不同工艺的提取物对油脂抗氧化作用的排序为微波提取物热浸提取物回流提取物.与此同时,荔枝核提取物能够有效地清除羟基自由基,其中微波提取物的半清除率质量浓度(EC50)约为0.76 g/L,热浸提取物的EC50约为0.94 g/L,回流提取物的EC50约为2.0 g/L.此外,荔枝核提取物对超氧阴离子自由基也有一定的清除效果. 相似文献
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用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%. 相似文献
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The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula. 相似文献
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Rebecca J. Burton Mandy L. CrowtherNeal J. Fazakerley Shaun M. FilleryBarry M. Hayter Jason G. KettleCaroline A. McMillan Paula PerkinsPeter Robins Peter M. SmithEmma J. Williams Gail L. Wrigley 《Tetrahedron letters》2013
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines. 相似文献
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Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp3)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products. 相似文献
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《Tetrahedron》2014,70(21):3377-3384
The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative. 相似文献
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Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner. 相似文献
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Hao Xu Liyang Pan Xiaomin Fang Baoying Liu Wenkai Zhang Minghua Lu Yuanqing Xu Tao Ding Haibo Chang 《Tetrahedron letters》2017,58(24):2360-2365
A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis. 相似文献
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A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs). 相似文献
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Andrey A. BerezinPanayiotis A. Koutentis 《Tetrahedron》2011,67(22):4069-4078
Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO4 oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised. 相似文献