结合分子模拟探讨不同醚键PBS基共聚物的性能与酶催化降解

以硫二甘醇取代二甘醇,在聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯)(PBS)分子主链上分别引入硫醚和氧醚基团,得到聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯-丁二酸硫代二乙二醇酯)[P(BS-co-TDGS)]和聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯-丁二酸二乙二醇酯)[P(BS-co-DEGS)],通过热重分析(TG)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试比较了二者的结晶性能和热性能.采用南极假丝酵母脂肪酶N435(CALB)为催化剂,在水相中研究了P(BS-co-TDGS)和P(BS-co-DEGS)的降解规律及差异性.采用分子模拟方法研究了共聚物可能存在的聚集态以及N435酶与底物的结合,模拟结果验证了共聚物P(BS-co-TDGS)的结晶度下降及热稳定性降低的结论.分子对接模拟结果表明,N435酶与DEGSDEG单元的结合能更大,即含有丁二酸硫代二乙二醇酯键型底物P(BS-co-DEGS)与N435酶活性位点的对接更为稳定.     

结合分子模拟探讨PC脂肪酶催化PBS基共聚物降解的主链异构效应

采用固定化洋葱假单胞菌脂肪酶(Pseudomonas cepacia lipase,PC脂肪酶)为催化剂,在有机溶剂体系中研究了环己烷二甲醇和环己烷二甲酸对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的改性共聚物,即聚(丁二酸丁二醇-co-丁二酸环己烷二甲醇酯)(PBS-co-CHDMS)和聚(丁二酸丁二醇-co-环己烷二甲酸丁二醇酯)(PBS-co-BCHDA)的降解规律及其差异性.通过共聚物降解率随时间的变化、降解产物的MALDI-TOF-MS分析研究了共聚物降解规律,并以分子模拟分别研究了降解差异性和PC脂肪酶与底物的结合机制.研究结果表明,PC脂肪酶均可催化PBS基共聚物降解;在降解60 h后,相比较于PBS-co-BCHDA,PBS-co-CHDMS降解率均更大;其中PBS-co-10%CHDMS降解率最大,为85%.共聚物降解不仅生成了线型小分子,还产生了部分环状低聚物;此外,PBS-co-CHDMS降解产生的低聚物种类比PBS-co-BCHDA的要多.分子对接模拟结果表明,在氯仿中,PC脂肪酶与底物结合自由能的大小顺序为CMSCMBSCMBCABBSB,即含有丁二酸环己烷二甲醇酯(CHDMS)单元的底物与PC脂肪酶活性位点的对接更为稳定.     

在不同溶剂体系中PC脂肪酶对PBS基共聚物的催化降解和分子模拟

采用酶促降解实验、分子对接模拟和分子动力学模拟相结合的方法,分别研究了在氯仿和水溶剂体系中洋葱假单胞菌脂肪酶(Pseudomonas cepacialipase PC)对含六元环结构的1,4-环己烷二甲醇(CHDM)、1,4环己烷二甲酸(CHDA)、含醚键结构的一缩二乙二醇(DEG)和二乙醇酸(DGA)单体的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)改性共聚物的降解规律,并对它们进行了比较,阐明了PC脂肪酶与不同底物的结合机制及其降解差异性。结果表明:PC脂肪酶可有效地催化降解不同结构的PBS基共聚物,氯仿中酶与底物结合自由能的大小顺序为CMSCMDGSDGBDABBCABBSB,水中二者的结合自由能大小顺序为CMSCMDGSDGBCABBDABBSB,其中CM单元的六元环状亚甲基的富集作用使得底物与酶活性位点的对接最为稳定,具有较大的结合能,且PBS-co-CHDMS降解率最大。受溶剂效应影响,酶与底物在氯仿中的结合更稳定,降解率远大于在水中的降解率。     

结合分子模拟探讨共聚酯PBSH在不同溶剂中的PC脂肪酶催化降解

采用固定化洋葱假单胞菌(PC)脂肪酶为催化剂,研究了在氯仿和四氢呋喃(THF)中不同摩尔比的聚(丁二酸丁二醇-co-丁二酸己二醇酯)(PBSH)的酶促降解规律及其差异性.通过PBSH降解前后的相对分子质量变化、降解产物的MALDI-TOF-MS分析研究了共聚酯降解规律,并以分子动力学(MD)及分子对接模拟分别研究了PC酶的溶剂效应及酶与底物的结合机制.研究结果表明,PC酶在2种溶剂中均可催化PBSH降解,但在氯仿中酶的活性较大,PBSH降解率大.分子动力学模拟数据表明,在THF中,PC酶整体氨基酸残基的涨落比氯仿中大,且THF会进入酶活性口袋中与催化残基Ser87结合,破坏了催化残基Ser87和His286之间的相互作用.分子对接结果分析发现,含丁二酸己二醇酯(HS)单元底物与PC酶活性位点的对接比含丁二酸丁二醇酯(BS)单元的更为稳定.     

不同软段长度PBT-co-PBS-b-PEG嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

用熔融缩聚法合成了一系列具有不同软段长度的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯 (PBT) co 聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS) b 聚乙二醇 (PEG)嵌段共聚物 (PTSG) ,考察了PEG分子量 (Mn(PEG) )及PBS摩尔分数 (MPBS)对材料性能的影响 实验表明 ,随Mn(PEG)增加 ,缩聚反应时间延长 ,所得产物分子量均呈较为对称的单峰分布 ,多分散性指数小于 2 0 硬段序列结构分析显示 ,随MPBS 增加 ,PBT平均序列长度减小 ,而PBS平均序列长度增加 ,二者呈无规分布 .受组成及硬段平均序列长度变化影响 ,材料内部呈微观相分离状态 ,DSC曲线上可分别观察到软、硬段熔点及玻璃化转变温度 ;硬段熔点及结晶度随MPBS升高而降低 ,主要是受其平均序列长度变化及共晶作用所致 .材料断裂延伸率及降解速率均随Mn(PEG)及MPBS增加而增加 ,可见提高软段长度及降低硬段结晶度等均能有效改善共聚物高分子链的柔韧性及亲水性 ,赋予共聚物更好的降解性能 .     

侧基为磺酸根基团的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共聚物的合成及应用研究

以丁二酸,富马酸和1,4-丁二醇为原料,通过溶液聚合的方法合成了一系列主链含有碳碳双键的不饱和脂肪族聚酯,聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯-共-富马酸丁二醇酯)P(BS-co-BF)s.以过量的Na HSO3为磺化试剂,合成了侧基为磺酸根基团的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯PBS共聚物P(BS-co-SBS)s.运用核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR),红外光谱(IR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征了共聚物的化学结构及分子量.结合溶剂挥发和透析法研究了系列共聚物P(BS-co-SBS)s在水中的自组装行为.动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)的研究发现,系列共聚物P(BS-co-SBS)s均可自组装形成稳定的、具有核壳结构,表面带有负电荷的胶束(尺寸:103~165nm,PDI:0.187~0.264,zeta电位-35~-51 m V).载药和释药的结果显示,胶束对疏水药物阿霉素具有一定的缓释效果.     

链段相容性对聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物组成均一性的影响

<正> 由结晶型芳族聚酯为硬链段,无定型脂肪族聚醚为软链段的聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物,是一类性能优良的热塑弹性体,本文研究链段相容性对这类聚合物组成均一性的影响,因此,合成了一系列不同链段结构的聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物。 如硬链为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和丁二醇酯(PBT);软链段有聚乙二醇醚(PET)、聚丁二醇醚(PTMG)、聚二醇醚(PPG)和四氢呋喃同环氧丙烷的共聚醚二醇     

聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯－co-聚丁二酸丁二醇酯-b-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

用熔融缩聚法合成了一系列基于聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）、聚丁二酸丁 二醇酯（PBS）及聚乙二醇（PEG）的嵌段共聚物（PBT－co-PBS/PEG)。^1H NMR结 构分析显示,软段摩尔百分含量恒为20％。随组成中PBS含量增加,软段质量百分 含量略微升高,硬段PBT平均序列长度由2.80逐步减至1.23,PBS平均序列长度由1. 27逐步增加到4．76,无规度在1．1附近,两者呈无规分布。受组成及硬段平均序 列长度变化影响,材料内部呈微观相分离状态,DSC热分析曲线上可分别观察到软 、硬段熔点（Tm,s,Tm,h)及玻璃化转变温度（Tg,s,Tg,h)。硬段熔点及结晶度随 PBS含量升高而降低,在50－60mol％处达到最小值,则是PBS与PBT二者间形成共晶 所致。力学性能测试及水解降解实验表明,将脂肪族聚酯PBS引入PEGT／PBT共聚体 系,可赋予高分子链更好的柔韧性及亲水性,加快降解速率。     

PBS基生物降解材料的研究进展

PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯 )是一种具有良好生物降解性的聚酯塑料。本文简述了PBS的基本特性、降解机理和制备方法 ,对各种PBS基生物降解材料的特性进行了分析 ,介绍了PBS基生物降解材料的研究进展     

生物可降解聚丁二酸/苯基丁二酸丁二醇酯系列共聚物的合成及其结晶行为

合成了一系列聚丁二酸/苯基丁二酸丁二醇共聚酯(PBSBS),利用DSC、1H-NMR和X射线等测试手段对共聚物组成、热力学性能、结晶性能、等温结晶行为进行了表征和研究.结果表明,含苯基的共聚单元的引入显著改变了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的热力学性能4,利用Hoffman-Week曲线得到的共聚物平衡熔点随共聚组分含量的增加显著降低,玻璃化转变温度则明显升高,结晶熔点符合无规共聚物的Flory方程.此外,利用Avrami方程对均聚物PBS以及共聚物PBSBS-10分别进行了等温结晶行为研究,结果表明共聚使结晶速率降低,PBS和PBSBS-10的Avrami指数分别介于2.8~3.0和2.7~2.9之间,结晶方式为三维生长异相成核,X射线测试结果表明共聚不影响晶体结构.     

Preparation, characterization and hydrolytic degradation of poly[p-dioxanone-(butylene succinate)] multiblockcopolymer

A series of poly[p-dioxanone-(butylene succinate)] (PPDOBS) copolymers were prepared from p-dioxanone (PDO), 1,4-butanediol and succinate acids through a two-step process including the initial prepolymer preparation of poly(p-dioxanone)diol (PPDO-OH) and poly(butylene succinate)diol (PBS-OH) and the following copolymerization of the two kinds of prepolymers by coupling with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The molecular structures of the prepared PPDO-OH, PBS-OH and PPDOBS were characterized by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR). The crystallization of the copolymers was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). It has been shown that the crystallization rate and the degree of crystallization increases with the increase of the weight fraction of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blocks in the copolymers. In phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.4 at 37 °C for 18 weeks, the hydrolytic degradation behaviors of the copolymers were studied. The changes of retention weight, water absorption, pH value, and surface morphologies with the degradation time showed that the hydrolytic degradation rate of PPDOBS could be controlled by adjusting the weight fraction of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) and PBS blocks in the copolymers. The changes of the thermal properties of PPDOBS during the degradation were also investigated by DSC.     

Transesterification and crystallization behavior of poly(butylene succinate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) block copolymers

The block copolymers of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) were synthesized by melt processing for different times. The sequence distribution, thermal properties, and crystallization behavior were investigated over a wide range of compositions. For PBS/PBT block copolymers it was confirmed by statistical analysis from ¹H-NMR data that the degree of randomness (B) was below 1. The melting peak (T_m) gradually moved to lower temperature with increasing melt processing time. It can be seen that the transesterification between PBS and PBT leads to a random copolymer. From the X-ray diffraction diagrams, only the crystal structure of PBS appeared in the M1 copolymer (PBS 80 wt %) and that of PBT appeared in the M3 (PBS 50 wt %) to M5 (PBS 20 wt %) copolymers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 147–156, 1998     

L-丙交酯-β-苹果酸共聚物的体外降解及细胞亲和性研究

研究了具有功能侧基的新型生物降解高分子——— [聚 (L 丙交酯 co β 苹果酸 ) ](PLMA)在pH 7 4的磷酸缓冲溶液中的降解和鼠的 3T3成纤维细胞在共聚物膜表面的贴附及生长 .研究了不同组成的共聚物在降解过程中的失重、表面形貌、组成及分子量变化 ,发现PLMA为本体降解 ,共聚物中苹果酸含量的提高可以加速降解 ,降解过程中聚苹果酸 (PMA)链段附近的酯键先水解断裂 .鼠的 3T3成纤维细胞在聚L 丙交酯 (PLLA)均聚物和苹果酸含量为 4mol% ,8mol%和 13mol%的共聚物膜上培养 5h ,细胞贴附率分别为 4 3%、71%、80 %和 4 3% .3T3成纤维细胞在苹果酸含量为 4mol%和 8mol%的共聚物膜上的生长情况好于在PLLA均聚物和苹果酸含量为 13mol%含量的共聚物膜上的生长 .     

Synthesis of poly(vinyl ether)‐based,ABA triblock‐type thermoplastic elastomers with functionalized soft segments and their gas permeability

The ABA‐type triblock copolymers consisting of poly(2‐adamantyl vinyl ether) [poly(2‐AdVE)] as outer hard segments and poly(6‐acetoxyhexyl vinyl ether) [poly(AcHVE)], poly(6‐hydroxyhexyl vinyl ether) [poly(HHVE)], or poly(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl vinyl ether) [poly(MOEOVE)] as inner soft segments were synthesized by sequential living cationic polymerization. Despite the presence of polar functional groups such as ester, hydroxyl, and oxyethylene units in their soft segments, the block copolymers formed elastomeric films. The thermal and mechanical properties and morphology of the block copolymers showed that the two polymer segments of these triblock copolymers were segregated into microphase‐separated structure. Effect of the functional groups in the soft segments on gas permeability was investigated as one of the characteristics of the new functional thermoplastic elastomers composed solely of poly(vinyl ether) backbones. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 1114–1124     

Tuning the Properties of Ester-Based Degradable Polymers by Inserting Epoxides into Poly(ϵ-caprolactone)

A series of ester-ether copolymers were obtained via the reaction between α,ω-dihydroxyl poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) and ethylene oxide (EO) or monosubstituted epoxides catalyzed by strong phosphazene bases. The two types of monomeric units were distributed in highly random manners due to the concurrence of epoxide ring-opening and fast transesterification reactions. The substituent of epoxide showed an interesting bidirectional effect on the enzymatic degradability of the copolymer. Compared with PCL, copolymers derived from EO exhibited enhanced hydrophilicity and decreased crystallinity which then resulted in higher degradability. For the copolymers derived from propylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide, the hydrophobic alkyl pendant groups also allowed lower crystallinity of the copolymers thus higher degradation rates. However, further enlarging the pendant groups by using styrene oxide or 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether caused a decrease in the degradation rate, which might be ascribed to the higher bulkiness hindering the contact of ester groups with lipase.     

Polymeric cross-linked surface treatments for controlling block copolymer orientation in thin films

The orientation of cylinder-forming poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) [P(S-b-MMA)] was investigated on two sets of polymeric surface treatments: 10 para-substituted polystyrene derivatives with <10 mol % poly(4-vinylbenzyl azide) and a series of poly(styrene-random-4-vinylbenzyl azide) [P(S-r-VBzAz)] copolymers with 5-100 mol % poly(4-vinylbenzyl azide). The copolymers were spin-coated to form thin films and then cross-linked by heating. The resulting films exhibited a range of surface tensions from 21 to 45 dyn/cm. Perpendicular orientation of P(S-b-MMA) cylinders was achieved with poly(p-bromostyrene) and all the [P(S-r-VBzAz)] copolymer surface treatments, most notably the homopolymer of poly(4-vinylbenzyl azide). Films made from these simple copolymers are as effective as random terpolymer alignment layers commonly made from both block monomers and a cross-linkable monomer.     

聚乙二醇-b-聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯嵌段共聚物降解行为的研究

研究了系列PEG-b-PBT嵌段共聚物在pH=7.4磷酸盐缓冲溶液中和37℃条件下的体外降解行为.同时观察了水解降解过程中系列共聚物溶胀率、失重、特性粘度、结晶度和表面形态等方面的变化.实验结果表明,嵌段共聚物的组成直接影响其水解降解性能,共聚物的溶胀率和失重率随聚醚组分含量而增大;通过调节共聚物的组分比可以达到调节降解速率的目的.此外研究还表明,共聚物最初的降解主要发生在软段和硬段相联的酯键上.     

Oxo‐crown‐ethers as comonomers for tuning polyester properties

2‐Oxo‐12‐crown‐4‐ether (OC) was procured in a novel, two‐step procedure in a 37% overall yield. This interesting hydrophilic lactone was effectively polymerized with Novozym 435 as the catalyst: within 10 min, the monomer conversion was greater than 95%. Poly(2‐oxo‐12‐crown‐4‐ether) [poly(OC)] was obtained as a viscous oil with a glass‐transition temperature of approximately ?40 °C, and it was soluble in water. Subsequently, OC was copolymerized with ω‐pentadecanolactone (PDL). A kinetic evaluation of both monomers showed that for OC, the Michaelis–Menten constant (K_M) and the maximal rate of polymerization (V_max) were 2.7 mol/L and 0.24 mol/L min, respectively, whereas for PDL, K_M and V_max were 0.5 mol/L and 0.09 mol/L min, respectively. Although OC polymerized five times faster than PDL, ¹H NMR analysis of the copolymers revealed a random copolymer structure. Differential scanning calorimetry traces of the copolymers showed that they were semicrystalline and that the melting temperature and melting enthalpy of the copolymers linearly decreased with an increasing amount of OC. The melting temperature of the copolymers could be adequately predicted by the Baur equation, and this suggested that poly (OC) was rejected from the poly(ω‐pentadecanolactone) [poly(PDL)] crystals. Solid‐state NMR studies confirmed that the crystalline phase exclusively consisted of poly (PDL), whereas the amorphous phase was a mixture of OC and PDL units. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2166–2176, 2006     

Degradation behaviour of PCL/PEO/PCL and PCL/PEO block copolymers under controlled hydrolytic,enzymatic and composting conditions

Short-term hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), one series of triblock (PCL/PEO/PCL) and the other of diblock (PCL/PEO) copolymers, with a low content of hydrophilic PEO segments is presented. The effect of the introduction of PEO as the central or lateral segment in the PCL chain on copolymer hydrolysis and biodegradation properties was investigated. FTIR results revealed higher hydrolytic degradation susceptibility of diblock copolymers due to a higher hydrophilicity compared to PCL and triblock copolymers. Enzymatic degradation was tested using cell-free extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, for two weeks by following the weight loss, changes in surface roughness, and changes in carbonyl and crystallinity index. The results confirmed that all samples underwent enzymatic degradation through surface erosion which was accompanied with a decrease in molecular weights. Diblock copolymers showed significantly higher weight loss and decrease in molecular weight in comparison to PCL itself and triblock copolymers. AFM analysis confirmed significant surface erosion and increase in RMS values. In addition, biodegradation of polymer films was tested in compost model system at 37 °C, where an effective degradation of block copolymers was observed.