Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Mesoporous TiO2 Photocatalyst Co‐doped with Fe and H3PW12O40

The mesoporous titanium dioxide (MTiO₂) photocatalysts co‐doped with Fe and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ were synthesized by template method using tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC₄H₉)₄), Fe(NO₃)k₃9H₂Oand H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ as precursors and Pluronic P123 as template. The as‐prepared photocatalyst was characterized by N₂ adsorption‐desorption measurements, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV‐vis adsorption spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methyl blue (MB) (50 mg/L) in an aqueous solution. The characterizations indicated that the photocatalysts possessed a homogeneous pore diameter of ca. 10 nm with high surface area of ca. 150 m²/g. The results of MB photodecomposition showed that co‐doped mesoporous TiO₂ exhibited higher photocatalytic activities than un‐doped, single‐doped mesoporous TiO₂ under UV and visible light irradiation. It was shown that the co‐doped MTiO₂ could be activated by visible light and could thus be used as an effective catalyst in photo‐oxidation reactions. The synergistic effect of Fe and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ co‐doping played an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity.     

四丁基氢氧化铵改性TiO_2的可见光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法和四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAH)表面改性的方法制备出改性TiO2光催化剂(TBAH-TiO2).利用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和表面光电压谱(SPS)等表征了催化剂的晶体结构、晶粒粒径和能带结构,并研究了其光催化活性.研究结果表明,TBAH-TiO2催化剂的表面主要存在NOx(x=1,2,3)物种,该物种能级(价带上0.20eV)产生了可见光响应,有效地促进了光生电子和光生空穴的分离,使催化剂的可见和紫外光催化活性显著提高,TBAH-TiO2催化剂降解对氯苯酚的可见光和紫外光催化活性分别是TiO2的2.6倍和1.7倍.     

In离子掺杂二氧化钛纳米管可见光催化活性的研究

采用两步预掺杂方法制备出In离子掺杂二氧化钛纳米管可见光催化剂. 可见光催化降解对氯苯酚实验证明: 掺杂In离子量为3%的TiO2纳米管可见光活性最高, 是纯TiO2纳米管的2倍以上. X射线衍射(XRD), X光电子能谱(XPS)和表面光电压谱(SPS)结果表明: 当In离子掺杂浓度较小时, In离子取代晶格Ti的位置形成InxTi1－xO2取代式掺杂结构. In离子的掺杂能级与Ti离子的3d轨道形成混合价带, 使禁带宽度变窄, 增强了可见光响应. 随着In离子掺杂浓度的增加, 同时在InxTi1－xO2纳米管表面生成In2O3, 形成InxTi1－xO2/In2O3纳米管复合结构. 该复合结构有效地增加可见光响应, 促进了光生载流子的分离, 提高了光生载流子在固/液界面参加光催化反应的利用率, 使纳米管催化剂可见光催化活性显著提高.     

Preparation of Ce‐doped TiO2 Hollow Fibers and Their Photocatalytic Degradation Properties for Dye Compound

Cerium‐doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) with a hollow fiber structure was successfully prepared using ammonium ceric nitrate and tetrabutyltitanate as precursors and cotton fiber as the template. The effects of cerium (Ce)‐doping on the crystallite sizes, crystal pattern, and optical property of the prepared catalysts were investigated by means of techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, and UV‐vis diffuse absorption spectroscopy. SEM observation showed that the prepared TiO₂ fibers possessed fibrous shape inherited from the cotton fiber and had a hollow structure. As confirmed by XRD and UV‐vis diffuse absorption spectroscopy examinations, Ce‐doping restrained the growth of grain size and extended the photoabsorption edge of TiO₂ hollow fiber into the visible light region. The present photocatalyst showed higher photocatalytic reactivity in photodegradation of highly concentrated methylene blue (MB) solutions than pure TiO₂ under UV and visible light, and the amount of Ce‐doped significantly affected the catalytic property. In the experiment condition, the photocatalytic activity of 0.5 mol% Ce‐doped TiO₂ fiber was optimal of all the prepared samples. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of the photocatalyst was also confirmed. The material was easily removed by centrifugal separation. Therefore, using the template method and by doping with cerium, TiO₂ may hopefully become a low‐energy consuming, high activity and green environmentally friendly catalytic material.     

Au/TiO2光催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用改进的等体积浸渍法、光化学沉积法分别制备了不同Au担载量的Au／TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙的光催化降解反应作为模型反应,考察了金的担载量、预处理条件、制备方法等因素对其光催化性能的影响,以漫反射紫外一可见光谱（DRS）分析了不同金担载量的Au／TiO2光催化剂的光谱特征。结果显示,适当担载量的Au可显著提高TiO2的光催化活性,以改进的等体积浸渍法制备的0．8％Au／TiO2催化剂的光催化活性最高。DRS结果显示,金的担载对TiO2的光谱特征没有影响。     

离子液体-水混合溶剂中制备纳米晶TiO2的结构特性及其光催化活性

以钛酸四丁酯为原料, 离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐([EMIM]+AcO-)-水为混合溶剂, 通过低温水热法制备了锐钛矿相TiO2纳米晶. 用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、XPS及UV-Vis漫反射等技术对产物的晶相、比表面积、表面性质及光吸收性进行表征, 并以甲基橙水溶液为研究对象, 考察了产物的光催化活性及催化剂用量、溶液酸碱度对其的影响. 结果表明, 离子液体鄄水混合溶剂中反应24 h 所得到的TiO2具有较高光催化活性, 并明显优于Degussa P25, 这一结果可归因于其具有较高的锐钛矿含量和较大的比表面积.     

双介孔结构的纳米TiO2/I2复合材料的制备及其可见光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,碘溶胶为碘源,在室温下采用水解沉淀法制备了单质碘和纳米TiO2复合的双介孔结构光催化剂(M-I2-TiO2).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、比表面分析(BET)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱和傅里叶变换-红外光谱(FT-IR)对M-I2-TiO2进行了表征.以次甲基蓝(MB)溶液为模拟废水,对M-I2-TiO2的光催化性能进行了评价,研究了不同热处理温度对光催化活性的影响.结果表明,M-I2-TiO2在可见光区有显著的吸收,300℃热处理得到的样品比表面积高达227.6 m2/g,600℃热处理所得样品的比表面积仍高达111.8 m2/g,而400℃热处理所得样品具有最好的光催化降解性能.双介孔结构纳米TiO2/I2复合材料的光催化降解性能显著高于相同方法制备的纯TiO2和Degussa P-25商业产品.催化剂经6次重复使用其光催化活性基本保持不变.     

AgBr/TiO_2异质结型复合可见光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性

以钛酸四丁酯、KBr、AgNO3为前体,合成了具有异质结结构的纳米AgBr/Ti O2复合可见光催化剂.利用XRD、TEM、HRTEM和UV-Vis等方法对催化剂的晶相组成、形貌、粒度、微观结构、吸光性能等进行了表征.光催化降解亚甲基蓝活性结果表明,复合与单组分催化剂的光催化活性顺序为:AgBr/Ti O2AgBrAg-Br/P25P25Ti O2.含光敏剂AgBr的复合及单组份催化剂由于具有对可见光的良好吸收性能而具有较高的光催化活性.对于AgBr/Ti O2光催化剂,随mAgNO3/mTi O2比的增加,光催化活性先增强后减弱,当mAgNO3/mTi O2=3.35时光催化活性最高,分析结果表明,该复合催化剂粒径约15 nm,分散均匀且形成了紧密接触的AgBr/Ti O2异质结微结构,在紫外可见区(250～800 nm)都具有最强的光吸收.     

Preparation of Cr‐doped TiO2/SiO2 Photocatalysts and their Photocatalytic Properties

Cr‐doped TiO₂/SiO₂ nanostructured materials were prepared employing a layer‐by‐layer assemblym technique. TiO₂ colloids were synthesized by a sol‐gel method using TiCl₄ as a precursor. The experimental results showed that sphere‐type TiO₂ particles on SiO₂ exhibited uniform shape and a narrow size distribution. The amount of Ti (wt %) increased as a function of the number of the coating layers. The coatingv layers was composed of anatase titania nanocrystals at 550 °C. The onset of band‐gap transition for Crdoped TiO₂/SiO₂ showed a red shift compared with that for the undoped TiO₂/SiO₂. And the photocatalytic activity of Cr‐doped TiO₂/SiO₂ was higher than that of undoped sample.     

一步火焰辅助热解法制备Fe掺杂嵌碳TiO2及其光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇和无水氯化铁为前驱体,通过一步火焰辅助热解法制备了Fe掺杂嵌碳TiO₂,并研究了样品的光催化活性. 利用扫描电子显微镜及能谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线粉末衍射和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱等对样品的形貌、组分、晶型和光吸收进行了表征,并研究了样品在紫外和可见光下的光催化活性. 结果表明,无需后续热处理可直接得到主要是锐钛矿相TiO₂的样品,Fe³⁺以替位掺杂形式进入TiO₂晶格,随掺杂量增加,样品在可见光区域的吸光度提高,吸收带边红移. Fe掺杂量（摩尔分数）小于0.2%可改善样品的光催化活性,当Fe掺杂量为0.1%时,样品在可见光和紫外-可见光照射下均显示出最高的降解亚甲基蓝速率.     

MoS_2/TiO_2复合催化剂的制备及其在紫外光下的光催化制氢活性

为了研究复合光催化剂在光催化中的制氢效率,采用水热法制备了Mo S2纳米片,然后通过水热法在Mo S2纳米片上负载了TiO_2纳米颗粒,形成了Mo S2/TiO_2异质结复合催化剂。采用冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、拉曼光谱(Raman),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料的结构和光学性能表征并进行分析。通过光催化制氢测试对光催化剂进行评价,实验结果表明,在波长为365 nm的紫外光照射下,最高光催化制氢速率为1004μmol·h-1·g-1,对应的催化剂的Mo S2含量为30%,其催化速率远大于单一的Mo S2和TiO_2,表明Mo S2/TiO_2复合催化剂在紫外光照下能显著提高光催化产氢性能。基于Mo S2/TiO_2复合光催化剂优越的光催化产氢性能,本文对复合光催化剂的产氢机理做了研究和分析。     

负载金的掺氮二氧化钛的制备及其可见光催化性能

以纳米管钛酸为前驱体,采用水热法先制备得到新型N掺杂二氧化钛,然后用沉积沉淀法在N掺杂二氧化钛表面负载微量贵金属Au,制备得到负载Au的掺N二氧化钛.利用TEM、XRD、XPS、ESR和DRS等手段研究了样品的形貌、晶体结构、元素化学态和光谱吸收性质.样品光催化活性通过可见光催化降解丙烯进行评价,结果表明,样品N-TiO₂和Au/N-TiO₂具有明显的可见光(λ≥420 nm)催化活性.ESR结果表明,掺氮过程中生成的束缚单电子的氧空位是样品具有可见光响应的原因.     

Template‐free Fabrication of Hierarchical Macro‐/mesoporous N‐doped TiO2/graphene Oxide Composites with Enhanced Visible‐light Photocatalytic Activity

Hierarchical macro‐/mesoporous N‐doped TiO₂/graphene oxide (N‐TiO₂/GO) composites were prepared without using templates by the simple dropwise addition mixed solution of tetrabutyl titanate and ethanol containg graphene oxide (GO) to the ammonia solution, and then calcined at 350 °C. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in an aqueous solution under visible‐light irradiation. The results show that N‐TiO₂/GO composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity. GO content exhibited an obvious influence on photocatalytic performance, and the optimal GO addition content was 1 wt%. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the synergetic effects of three factors including the improved visible light absorption, the hierarchical macro‐mesoporous structure, and the efficient charge separation by GO.     

Ag@AgCl修饰TiO2-xCx光催化剂的制备及其可见光降解污染物性能

以钛酸丁酯和葡萄糖为原料用水热法制备了碳掺杂二氧化钛,再进一步对其进行Ag@AgCl表面修饰.用X射线衍射(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),透射电镜(TEM),BET比表面仪和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱等手段对样品进行测试表征;在可见光辐射下(λ＞420 nm),以甲基橙和苯酚溶液的光催化降解实验来评价样品的活性.结果表明:经Ag@AgCl修饰后,样品的粒径增大,比表面积减小,对可见光的响应增强;可见光光催化效率有大幅度提高,对甲基橙和苯酚的降解效率分别是修饰前的5.5和3.4倍,且光催化剂经三次循环使用后活性基本保持不变.     

Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanofibers with Doped La Prepared by Electrospinning Method

La‐TiO₂ nanofibers are prepared by a sol‐gel assisted electrospinning method. The structure and morphology of La‐TiO₂ nanofibers are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis shows that the weight percentage of anatase and rutile in the 1.5 mol% La‐TiO₂ nanofibers calcined at 600 °C is about 8:2, which is similar to P‐25. The XRD data of La‐TiO₂ nanofibers with different La content shows that La³⁺ dopant has a great inhibition on TiO₂ phase transformation. The photocatalytic activity of the as‐prepared La‐TiO₂ nanofibers is evaluated by photocatalytic decolorization of Methylene Blue (MB) aqueous solution. The results show that the 1.5 mol% La‐TiO₂ nanofibers calcined at 600 °C exhibit high photocatalytic activity, indicating that 600 °C and 1.5 mol% are the appropriate calcination temperature and optimal molar ratio of La to Ti, respectively.     

Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of Pt/N‐TiO2 towards Enhanced H2 Production from Water Splitting

Present work mainly focuses on experimental investigation to improvement of hydrogen production by water photoelectrolysis. An experimental facility was designed and constructed for visible light photocatalysis. A series of N‐TiO₂ photocatalysts impregnated with platinum on the surface of N‐TiO₂ were prepared. Hydrogen production upon irradiating aqueous Pt/N‐TiO₂ suspension with visible light was investigated. The shift in excitation wavelength of TiO₂ was 380 nm improved the yield of hydrogen production by N‐TiO₂ and Pt/N‐TiO₂. We used a 400 W mercury arc lamp combined with a 400 nm cutoff filter eliminating all the wavelengths under 400 nm. Pt/N‐TiO₂ material was characterized with TPR, reflective UV/Visible spectroscopy and TEM. The best hydrogen production rate obtained for this setup for N/Ti = 10, 0.05 wt% Pt/N‐TiO₂, through water splitting was about 772 μmolh^?1g^?1.     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)掺杂TiO_2介孔材料的制备及光催化性能

以P123为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶的溶剂热合成方法制备了H3PW12O40掺杂TiO2介孔材料H3PW12O40/TiO2.利用紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis/DRS)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、N2吸附和透射电子显微镜(TEM)手段对所制备的材料进行结构表征,罗丹明B(RB)为模型污染物评价其光催化性能.结果表明,所制备的介孔材料具有锐钛矿与板钛矿复合的晶型结构、大的BET比表面积和孔径均匀分布的介孔结构.光催化实验表明,H3PW12O40/TiO2可将罗丹明B完全矿化.     

AgBr/TiO2复合催化剂:双注法制备及其可见光催化性能

以TiO₂为载体,采用双注法合成了AgBr/TiO₂复合光催化剂.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对AgBr/TiO₂的结构、光吸收、形貌进行了表征.研究了AgBr/TiO₂在可见光下对甲基橙和丁基罗丹明B的光催化活性.结果表明,与TiO₂相比,AgBr/TiO₂的光吸收范围拓展到400—600nm波段,并且随着AgBr负载量的增加,AgBr/TiO₂的可见光吸收强度增强;当AgBr与TiO₂的摩尔比为0.25时,AgBr/TiO₂具有最大催化活性;在相同条件下,AgBr/TiO₂对丁基罗丹明B的降解效果优于甲基橙.     

Relationship Between Photocatalytic Activity and Structure of TiO2 Thin Film

TiO2 thin films with different crystalline structures were prepared by the CVD method. The relationship between photocatalytic activity of a TiO2 thin film and its crystalline type was investigated. These films were characterized by XRD and AFM. Their photocatalytic properties were tested by the degradation of NO2-. The results showed that the crystalline structures of TiO2 thin films are primary anatase and/or rutile when the preparation temperatures were less than 573 K and higher than 773 K respectively. When the preparation temperature was around 623 K, the structures of TiO2 thin films were mixed crystalline structure, which showed the highest catalytic activity. When the ratio of rutile to anatase in TiO2 thin films fell between 0.5 and 0.7, the highest catalytic activity for the degradation of NO2- was found.     

3D-NiO/Bi7.47Ni0.53O11.73光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用混合溶剂热法在尿素的辅助下成功地制备了新型可见光复合催化剂NiO/Bi7.47Ni0.53O11.73(BiNiO).利用X射线多晶粉末衍射(XRD)仪、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品进行了表征,并以甲基橙为目标降解物对其光催化性能进行研究.结果表明:样品是由自组装三维(3D)-Bi7.47Ni0.53O11.73微球和其表面薄层NiO纳米片组成,前驱物在300°C条件下煅烧2 h后所得样品BiNiO-300光催化效果最好,在可见光(波长大于420 nm)照射下,3 h内对甲基橙溶液的脱色率高达98%.