基于时间依赖基本解的奇异边界法模拟二维狄利克雷边界标量波方程

奇异边界法是一个半解析边界配点强格式方法,具有无数值积分和无网格、编程容易以及数学简单等优点。本文首次将时间依赖基本解运用于奇异边界法,计算模拟二维标量波方程;结合确定源点强度因子的反插值技术,提出了二维狄利克雷边界标量波方程源点强度因子的一个经验公式;引进了解决波方程基本解G奇异性的一种无奇异积分处理方法。数值实验证明,基于时间依赖基本解的奇异边界法可精确高效地模拟二维狄利克雷边界标量波方程,在计算效率、精度、稳定性和适应性等方面有明显优势。     

改进的奇异边界法模拟三维位势问题

奇异边界法是与基本解法相对应的一种边界型无网格数值离散方法. 该方法提出了源点强度因子的概念, 克服了传统基本解方法中最复杂最头疼的虚拟边界问题.基于边界元法中处理奇异积分的数值处理技术, 导出了源点强度因子的解析表达式, 提出了改进的无网格奇异边界法, 并进一步将该方法应用于三维位势问题. 该方法消除了传统方法中样本点的选取, 在不增加计算量的前提下, 极大地提高了奇异边界法的计算精度与稳定性.      

奇异边界法:一个新的、简单、无网格、边界配点数值方法

物理力学控制方程的基本解有源点奇异性.因而,传统的观点认为奇异基本解一般不能用做控制方程数值解的基函数;除非源点布置在物理域以外的虚假边界上,与物理边界上的配点分离.后者就是近年来受到广泛关注的基本解方法的基本思路.与这些传统方法不同,文中直接使用基本解做为插值基函数,且源点和配点是同一组物理边界上的离散点.本项工作的一个基本假设是源点奇异时的源点强度因子的存在性.利用待求问题控制方程的已知简单解,提出了一个计算源点强度因子的数值方法,并发现源点强度因子确实存在,且是一个有限值,其大小依赖于边界离散点的分布和边界条件类型.由此,文中提出了一个计算微分方程问题的新数值方法,称为奇异边界方法.该方法数学简单,编程容易,是一个真正的无网格方法.初步数值试验显示该方法精度高,收敛速度快.但有关该方法的数学物理基础还不是十分清楚.     

双调和方程奇异边界法的改进及在Kirchhoff板弯曲中的应用

奇异边界法(SBM)是一种基于边界离散的无网格数值方法,在很多科学计算和工程领域中得到广泛的应用．该方法在处理复杂几何区域或者多连通区域时比基本解方法(MFS)数值计算更为稳定,具有易于实施、精度高等优点．SBM数值计算的关键之处在于源强度因子的计算,特别是相对于Laplace方程更为复杂的双调和方程的边界条件下源强度因子的计算．在高阶导数边界条件下,采用反插或者“加减项”原理计算源强度因子相对繁琐．本文对双调和方程的SBM进行了改进,将其中一个插值基函数改进为非奇异基函数形式,避免计算该基函数的源强度因子,极大简化了SBM的数值计算．本文改进对MFS同样有效,可以作为对传统MFS数值算法的补充．数值算例结果表明,本文提出的改进均能得到误差很小的数值解,且算法稳定,计算效率较高．     

奇异边界法求解多连通域的瞬态热传导问题

提出一种基于奇异边界法结合双重互易法的数值模型来求解瞬态热传导问题。奇异边界法属于配点型边界无网格方法,相对于网格方法,其具有无需划分网格,只需边界配点的优势。运用差分格式来处理热传导方程中的时间变量,将原热传导方程化为非齐次修正Helmholtz方程。修正Helmholtz方程的解由齐次解和特解两部分组成,齐次解通过奇异边界法求出,特解由双重互易法求出,源项由径向基函数近似。通过数值算例检验了本文数值模型的精度及有效性;算例结果表明,该数值模型计算精度较高,误差基本都在1%以内,具有很好的稳定性,能有效地应用于求解多连通域的瞬态热传导问题。     

梯度材料中矩形裂纹的对偶边界元方法分析

采用对偶边界元方法分析了梯度材料中的矩形裂纹. 该方法基于层状材料基本解,以非裂纹边界的位移和面力以及裂纹面的间断位移作为未知量. 位移边界积分方程的源点配置在非裂纹边界上,面力边界积分方程的源点配置在裂纹面上. 发展了边界积分方程中不同类型奇异积分的数值方法. 借助层状材料基本解,采用分层方法逼近梯度材料夹层沿厚度方向力学参数的变化. 与均匀介质中矩形裂纹的数值解对比,建议方法可以获得高精度的计算结果. 最后,分析了梯度材料中均匀张应力作用下矩形裂纹的应力强度因子,讨论了梯度材料非均匀参数、夹层厚度和裂纹与夹层之间相对位置对应力强度因子的影响.      

基于球面细分法的高效高精度近奇异积分计算

精确高效地计算近奇异积分,对边界元法的成功实施至关重要,也是边界元法在实际工程计算中面临的主要障碍之一。论文提出了一种基于球面细分技术的近奇异积分计算方法,可以精确计算任意基本解类型、任意单元形状和任意源点位置的近奇异积分。该方法首先通过计算源点到单元的最近最远距离,来确定球面细分的初始半径和终止半径;然后通过一系列半径呈指数级增长的球面来分割积分单元,得到一系列三角形和四边形子单元;最后把细分后得到的子单元变成弧形状,即三角形和四边形子单元分别变成扇形和环形子单元。由于球面细分是直接在三维笛卡尔坐标系下进行的,所以它适用于任何类型的单元。此外,由于基本解主要是源点到场点距离的函数,因此在同等精度下,近奇异积分在子单元的环向上所需要的高斯积分点数将大大减少。在径向方向上,由于球半径系列呈指数级变化,各个子块可以做到等精度高斯积分。数值算例表明,与传统近奇异积分计算方法相比,论文提出的方法更加稳定,精度更高。     

基本解方法与边界节点法求解Helmholtz方程的比较研究

基本解方法和边界节点法是基于径向基函数的两种重要无网格边界离散数值技术。针对Helmholtz方程,本文比较研究这两种数值方法在不同计算区域问题上的计算精度、插值矩阵对称性、病态性及计算成本。数值试验结果表明,两种方法都可以有效求解边界数据准确的Helmholtz问题。在数值离散过程中,两种方法都可以通过调整配置点的位...     

一种处理弹性动力边界元法中奇异积分的方法

利用边界元法求解瞬态弹性动力学问题时,时域基本解函数的分段连续性和奇异性为该问题的求解带来很大的困难。为了解决时域基本解中的奇异性问题,本文依据柯西主值的定义,对经过时间解析积分之后的时域基本解进行奇异值分解,将其分成奇异和正则积分两部分;其中正则部分可通过采用常规高斯积分方法来计算,而奇异部分具有简单的形式,可以利用解析积分计算。经过上述操作之后,就可以达到直接消除时域基本解中奇异积分的目的。和传统方法相比,本文方法并不依赖静力学基本解来消除奇异性,是一种直接求解方法。最后给定两个数值算例来验证本文提出方法的正确性和可行性,结果表明使用本文算法可以解决弹性动力学边界积分方程中的奇异性问题。     

弹性动力学的双互易杂交边界点法

将双互易法同杂交边界点法相结合,提出了求解弹性动力问题的新型数值方法------双互易杂交边界点方法. 该算法在求解弹性动力问题时,将控制方程非齐次项的域内积分转化为边界积分. 该方法将问题的解分为通解和特解两部分,通解使用杂交边界点法求得,特解则使用局部径向基函数插值得到,从而实现了使用静力问题的基本解来求解动力问题. 计算时仅仅需要边界上离散点的信息,无论积分还是插值都不需要网格,域内节点仅用来插值非齐次项,因此该算法仍是一种边界类型的无网格方法. 数值算例表明,该方法后处理简单,计算精度高,适合于求解弹性动力问题.      

Singular boundary method for solving plane strain elastostatic problems

This study documents the first attempt to apply the singular boundary method (SBM), a novel boundary only collocation method, to two-dimensional (2D) elasticity problems. Unlike the method of fundamental solutions (MFS), the source points coincide with the collocation points on the physical boundary by using an inverse interpolation technique to regularize the singularity of the fundamental solution of the equation governing the problems of interest. Three benchmark elasticity problems are tested to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method through detailed comparisons with the MFS, boundary element method (BEM), and finite element method (FEM).     

FAST MULTIPOLE SINGULAR BOUNDARY METHOD FOR LARGE-SCALE PLANE ELASTICITY PROBLEMS

The singular boundary method(SBM) is a recent meshless boundary collocation method that remedies the perplexing drawback of fictitious boundary in the method of fundamental solutions(MFS). The basic idea is to use the origin intensity factor to eliminate singularity of the fundamental solution at source. The method has so far been applied successfully to the potential and elasticity problems. However, the SBM solution for large-scale problems has been hindered by the operation count of O(N~3) with direct solvers or O(N~2) with iterative solvers, as well as the memory requirement of O(N~2). In this study, the first attempt was made to combine the fast multipole method(FMM) and the SBM to significantly reduce CPU time and memory requirement by one degree of magnitude, namely, O(N). Based on the complex variable representation of fundamental solutions, the FMM-SBM formulations for both displacement and traction were presented. Numerical examples with up to hundreds of thousands of unknowns have successfully been tested on a desktop computer. These results clearly illustrated that the proposed FMM-SBM was very efficient and promising in solving large-scale plane elasticity problems.     

Singular boundary method for 2D dynamic poroelastic problems

This paper extends a strong-form meshless boundary collocation method, named the singular boundary method (SBM), for the solution of dynamic poroelastic problems in the frequency domain, which is governed by Biot equations in the form of mixed displacement–pressure formulation. The solutions to problems are represented by using the fundamental solutions of the governing equations in the SBM formulations. To isolate the singularities of the fundamental solutions, the SBM uses the concept of the origin intensity factors to allow the source points to be placed on the physical boundary coinciding with collocation points, which avoids the auxiliary boundary issue of the method of fundamental solutions (MFS). Combining with the origin intensity factors of Laplace and plane strain elastostatic problems, this study derives the SBM formulations for poroelastic problems. Five examples for 2D poroelastic problems are examined to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the present method. In particular, we test the SBM to the multiply connected domain problem, the multilayer problem and the poroelastic problem with corner stress singularities, which are all under varied ranges of frequencies.     

The fundamental solution of Mindlin plates resting on an elastic foundation in the Laplace domain and its applications

The aim of this study is to investigate the method of fundamental solution (MFS) applied to a shear deformable plate (Reissner/Mindlin’s theories) resting on the elastic foundation under either a static or a dynamic load. The complete expressions for internal point kernels, i.e. fundamental solutions by the boundary element method, for the Mindlin plate theory are derived in the Laplace transform domain for the first time. On employing the MFS the boundary conditions are satisfied at collocation points by applying point forces at source points outside the domain. All variables in the time domain can be obtained by Durbin’s Laplace transform inversion method. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the MFS and comparisons are made with other numerical solutions. In addition, the sensitivity and convergence of the method are discussed for a static problem. The proposed MFS is shown to be simple to implement and gives satisfactory results for shear deformable plates under static and dynamic loads.     

Relaxation procedures for an iterative MFS algorithm for the stable reconstruction of elastic fields from Cauchy data in two-dimensional isotropic linear elasticity

We investigate two numerical procedures for the Cauchy problem in linear elasticity, involving the relaxation of either the given boundary displacements (Dirichlet data) or the prescribed boundary tractions (Neumann data) on the over-specified boundary, in the alternating iterative algorithm of Kozlov et al. (1991). The two mixed direct (well-posed) problems associated with each iteration are solved using the method of fundamental solutions (MFS), in conjunction with the Tikhonov regularization method, while the optimal value of the regularization parameter is chosen via the generalized cross-validation (GCV) criterion. An efficient regularizing stopping criterion which ceases the iterative procedure at the point where the accumulation of noise becomes dominant and the errors in predicting the exact solutions increase, is also presented. The MFS-based iterative algorithms with relaxation are tested for Cauchy problems for isotropic linear elastic materials in various geometries to confirm the numerical convergence, stability, accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed method.     

电磁弹性固体三维问题的虚边界元-等额配点法

依据弹性力学虚边界元法的基本思想和电磁弹性固体的基本解,提出了电磁弹性固体三维问题的虚边界元-等额配点法.该方法继承传统边界元法优点的同时,有效地避免了传统边界元法的边界积分奇异性的问题.算例表明该方法有很高的精度,是求解电磁弹性固体三维问题的一个有效的数值方法.     

A meshless numerical method for solving slow mixed convections in containers with discontinuous boundary data

This paper describes the formulations of the method of fundamental solutions (MFS), which is a famous meshless numerical method representing a sought solution by a series of fundamental solutions to solve slow mixed convections in containers with discontinuous boundary data. In the derivations, the fundamental solutions were obtained by using the Hörmander operator decomposition technique. All the velocities, temperatures, pressures, stresses and thermal fluxes corresponding to the fundamental solutions were addressed explicitly in tensor forms. Although the MFS is highly accurate for smooth boundary data, its convergence becomes poor when it is applied to problems with discontinuous boundary data. To compensate for this drawback, we enriched the MFS by adding the local discontinuous solutions to the series of fundamental solutions. This enriched MFS was applied to solve the benchmark problems of a lid‐driven cavity and natural convection in rectangular containers. In addition, the numerical solutions were compared with the analytical solutions. Then, the meshless numerical method was further utilized to solve mixed convections in a triangular cavity and a cavity with a cosine‐shaped bottom. These numerical results demonstrated the applicability of the enriched MFS to two‐dimensional mixed convections in containers with discontinuous boundary data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTION BASED GRADED ELEMENT MODEL FOR STEADY-STATE HEAT TRANSFER IN FGM

A novel hybrid graded element model is developed in this paper for investigating thermal behavior of functionally graded materials (FGMs). The model can handle a spatially varying material property field of FGMs. In the proposed approach, a new variational functional is first constructed for generating corresponding finite element model. Then, a graded element is formulated based on two sets of independent temperature fields. One is known as intra-element temperature field defined within the element domain; the other is the so-called frame field defined on the element boundary only. The intra-element temperature field is constructed using the linear combination of fundamental solutions, while the independent frame field is separately used as the boundary interpolation functions of the element to ensure the field continuity over the interelement boundary. Due to the properties of fundamental solutions, the domain integrals appearing in the variational functional can be converted into boundary integrals which can significantly simplify the calculation of generalized element stiffness matrix. The proposed model can simulate the graded material properties naturally due to the use of the graded element in the finite element (FE) model. Moreover, it inherits all the advantages of the hybrid Trefftz finite element method (HT-FEM) over the conventional FEM and boundary element method (BEM). Finally, several examples are presented to assess the performance of the proposed method, and the obtained numerical results show a good numerical accuracy.