四边简支硬夹芯夹层板的弯曲问题研究

现有的夹层结构理论都是将夹芯视为软夹芯,忽略了其面内应力分量和弯曲刚度.该理论不能满足近年来出现的硬夹芯夹层结构.对此,考虑了以上被忽略的因素,修正了Reissner理论的软夹芯假设,提出了考虑夹芯面内应力分量和弯曲刚度的硬夹芯夹层板基本假设.根据最小势能原理得到了硬夹芯夹层板弯曲的基本方程和边界条件,给出了四边简支硬夹芯夹层板在横向载荷下弯曲的解析解.另外本文还研究了硬夹芯夹层板弯曲问题的有限元法,推导了四节点四边形等参单元的有限元列式,并用MATLAB编程求解了具体算例.     

高强钢及软钢断裂失效行为表征与仿真预测

针对汽车碰撞、结构强度等分析中无法准确模拟高强钢及软钢的断裂失效,研究了高强钢及软钢的断裂失效特性以及其仿真预测方法．以宝钢高强钢HC340/590DP及软钢DC05为研究对象,首先通过不同应变率的拉伸试验和不同应力状态的断裂失效试验,来表征两种钢材的弹塑性及断裂失效行为．并从试验数据中得到LS-DYNA中的Damage Initiation and Evolution Criteria (DIEC)失效模型所需参数,建立失效模型,通过子系统试验及仿真计算对DIEC失效模型进行验证．结果表明基于准确的材料试验数据,正向建立的DIEC失效模型可以准确预测HC340/590D及DC05的断裂失效行为．本研究方法可推广到其他高强钢和软钢的断裂失效仿真预测中．     

多孔金属及其夹芯结构力学性能的研究进展

高孔隙率多孔金属及其夹芯复合结构是一种物理功能与结构一体化的新型、轻质高强材料/结构,具有高比强度、高比刚度和优良的吸能和缓冲性能等多种功能,引起了学术界和工程界众多研究者的极大关注. 本文概述了轻质多孔金属及其夹芯结构的制备方法、多功能特性及其应用,介绍了多孔金属夹芯结构元件(梁、板、壳)遭受准静态和动态冲击载荷下的理论、实验和模拟方面的国内外研究现状,分析和讨论了多孔金属及其夹芯结构力学行为研究中的研究手段和基本问题,重点关注了多孔金属夹芯结构的变形/失效、动态响应和能量吸收.     

非对称结构铝合金波纹夹层板的三点弯曲力学性能研究

针对车辆轻量化问题,通过模压和胶结技术,制作了比现有实心铝合金板减重20%的具有平台结构的铝合金非对称结构波纹夹层板。对三点弯曲加载条件下非对称结构波纹夹层板的破坏模式进行了理论分析,得到了该结构的三点弯曲破坏模式图。通过三点弯曲加载测试,对比分析了实心板材与非对称结构铝合金波纹夹层板的三点弯曲性能,并验证了非对称结构波纹夹层板的破坏模式。研究结果表明,在三点弯曲载荷作用下,非对称结构铝合金波纹夹层板的刚度和强度均显著高于现有的实心板材,厚度为10mm、15mm波纹板的弯曲刚度分别是实心板的4.4倍、8.9倍,二者的弯曲强度分别是实心板的1.4倍以上、2倍以上。     

由夹芯梁弯曲谈剪切效应对许用弯矩的影响

利用弹性体轴向位移、横向位移与剪应变的几何关系,推导出了夹芯梁的弯曲正应力公式,并利用该式确定了夹芯梁的许用弯矩,从而克服了有关材料力学教材计算许用弯矩时,没有考虑剪切效应的不足。算例分析表明：该弯曲正应力公式计算精度较高;夹芯梁弯曲时,剪切效应对许用弯矩有一定影响。该结论对材料力学关于夹芯梁计算内容的教学有一定启发和指导作用。     

基于高阶变形理论的夹层板的弯曲与振动

考虑面板和夹芯的面内刚度和横向剪切刚度以及抗弯刚度,考虑了高阶剪切变形,根据横向剪应变分布情况给出横向剪切转角的位移函数,基于哈密尔顿原理,推导了基于高阶变形理论、适用于软、硬夹芯情况夹层板的基本方程.作为算例,以四边简支条件下的夹层板的弯曲与振动,在不同的面板与芯层的弹性模量比和厚度比下进行了计算,并与Reissner理论、Hoff理论以及邓宗白基于Reissner理论的修正模型的计算结果进行了对比.与前述理论与方法相比,论文方法考虑因素更为全面,对夹层板的适用范围更为广泛,计算结果更为精确.针对Nastran软件计算夹层板的振动问题,对其适用范围作了简要分析.     

复合材料四面体点阵夹芯梁的自由振动分析

点阵夹芯结构是一种由上下面板和中间点阵芯子组成的新型轻质多功能结构.由于该结构具有独特的结构形式,其力学特性分析比较复杂.论文将离散的点阵芯子等效为连续均匀材料,研究了复合材料四面体点阵夹芯梁的自由振动特性.考虑面板的弯曲变形和芯子的剪切变形,根据Hamilton变分原理,推导出复合材料点阵夹芯梁的自由振动控制方程.以简支边界条件下的四面体点阵夹芯梁为例,求解出固有频率的理论值,并与有限元结果进行对比,两者吻合较好.讨论了面板铺层顺序、杆件半径、杆件倾斜角度、芯子高度以及梁的长度对夹芯梁固有频率的影响.研究结果对于了解复合材料四面体点阵夹芯梁的频率特性具有一定的指导意义.     

金属正交波纹夹芯结构的动态压缩响应

通过理论和数值方法,对冲击载荷下金属正交波纹夹芯结构的动态压缩响应进行了研究。考虑材料应变率影响,建立了金属正交波纹夹芯结构动态响应的理论模型,同时对它的动态压缩响应进行了有限元模拟。结果表明,考虑材料应变率影响的理论模型的预测结果与有限元模拟结果吻合较好。进一步对多层正交波纹夹芯结构的动态压缩响应进行了数值模拟,获得了不同速度冲击下的变形模式,分析了层数对其动态响应的影响。研究发现,通过增加层数能够有效地增强结构的缓冲吸能能力,但层数超过4层以后增强效果不明显。

     

冰雹撞击下泡沫铝夹芯板的动态响应

在传统单层泡沫夹芯结构的上、下面板之间插入中面板,通过移动中面板的位置,获得了外形尺寸相同、质量相等的5种构型夹芯结构,其上层芯材与芯材总厚度比分别为0:30、10:30、15:30、20:30和30:30。在量纲分析的基础上,应用非线性动力有限元程序LS-DYNA对5种构型夹芯结构进行了冰雹撞击数值分析,研究了中面板位置对夹芯板的能量吸收、能量耗散和动态响应的影响。结果表明:中面板的存在对下层芯材能形成有效的保护;随着中面板位置由上向下移动,夹芯板的抗撞击性能呈现由大到小再增大的态势。数值计算结果对抗冰雹撞击夹芯结构的优化设计具有一定的参考价值。     

泡沫铝夹芯梁四点弯曲性能试验研究

通过准静态四点弯曲试验对泡沫铝夹芯梁的弯曲力学性能进行了测试,研究了它的破坏过程、破坏形态和典型荷载-位移曲线,分析了芯层厚度和面层厚度等参数对其弯曲力学性能的影响。结果表明,泡沫铝夹芯梁四点弯曲破坏过程历经三个阶段,呈现三种失效模式:整体弯曲破坏、局部屈曲破坏以及整体屈曲破坏;芯层厚度和面层厚度对夹芯梁的弯曲承载力和吸能效果有明显影响;在本试验参数范围内,芯层厚度为25mm,面层厚度为0.4mm时,夹芯梁具有最优弯曲力学性能。     

Three-dimensional Composite Lattice Structures Fabricated by Electrical Discharge Machining

We present a novel method for fabricating carbon fiber composite sandwich panels with lattice core construction by means of electrical discharge machining (EDM). First, flat-top corrugated carbon fiber composite cores were fabricated by a hot press molding method. Then, two composite face sheets were bonded to each corrugated core to create precursor sandwich panels. These panels were transformed into sandwich panels with near-pyramidal truss cores by EDM plunge-cutting the corrugated core between the face sheets with a shaped cuprite electrode. The flat top corrugation permits adhesive to be applied consistently, and the selected dimensions leave a substantial bond area after cutting, resulting in a strong core-to-sheet bond. The crushing behavior of this novel construction was investigated in flatwise compression, and the results were compared to analytical expressions for strength and stiffness.     

轻质波纹夹层结构的制备及其多功能应用研究进展

波纹夹层结构较其他轻质多孔材料具有结构简单、加工制造方便、制造成本低等优点,已得到广泛应用.本文概述了不同轻质波纹结构的构型及其表征方式,阐述了波纹夹层结构的制备及其无损检测技术,重点评述了波纹夹层结构的轻质高强、抗爆炸冲击、高效散热、吸声降噪、促动等多功能应用特性,总结了波纹夹层结构在工程应用上的关键进展,展望了波纹夹层结构在基础和应用研究方面的发展趋势.     

Underwater blast loading of sandwich beams: Regimes of behaviour

Finite element (FE) calculations are used to develop a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic response of sandwich beams subjected to underwater blast loading, including the effects of fluid–structure interaction. Design maps are constructed to show the regimes of behaviour over a broad range of loading intensity, sandwich panel geometry and material strength. Over the entire range of parameters investigated, the time-scale associated with the initial fluid–structure interaction phase up to the instant of first cavitation in the fluid is much smaller than the time-scales associated with the core compression and the bending/stretching responses of the sandwich beam. Consequently, this initial fluid–structure interaction phase decouples from the subsequent phases of response. Four regimes of behaviour exist: the period of sandwich core compression either couples or decouples with the period of the beam bending, and the core either densifies partially or fully. These regimes of behaviour are charted on maps using axes of blast impulse and core strength. The simulations indicate that continued loading by the fluid during the core compression phase and the beam bending/stretching phase cannot be neglected. Consequently, analyses that neglect full fluid–structure interaction during the structural responses provide only estimates of performance metrics such as back face deflection and reaction forces at the supports. The calculations here also indicate that appropriately designed sandwich beams undergo significantly smaller back face deflections and exert smaller support forces than monolithic beams of equal mass. The optimum transverse core strength is determined for minimizing the back face deflection or support reactions at a given blast impulse. Typically, the transverse core strength that minimizes back face deflection is 40% below the value that minimizes the support reaction. Moreover, the optimal core strength depends upon the level of blast impulse, with higher strength cores required for higher intensity blasts.     

Dynamic compression of metallic sandwich structures during planar impulsive loading in water

The compressive response of rigidly supported stainless steel sandwich panels subject to a planar impulsive load in water is investigated. Five core topologies that spanned a wide range of crush strengths and strain-dependencies were investigated. They included a (i) square-honeycomb, (ii) triangular honeycomb, (iii) multi-layer pyramidal truss, (iv) triangular corrugation and (v) diamond corrugation, all with a core relative density of approximately 5%. Quasi-statically, the honeycombs had the highest peak strength, but exhibited strong softening beyond the peak strength. The truss and corrugated cores had significantly lower strength, but a post yield plateau that extended to beyond a plastic strain of 60% similar to metal foams. Dynamically, the transmitted pressures scale with the quasi-static strength. The final transmitted momentum increased slowly with core strength (provided the cores were not fully crushed). It is shown that the essential aspects of the dynamic response, such as the transmitted momentum and the degree of core compression, are captured with surprising fidelity by modeling the cores as equivalent metal foams having plateau strengths represented by the quasi-static peak strength. The implication is that, despite considerable differences in core topology and dynamic deformation modes, a simple foam-like model replicates the dynamic response of rigidly supported sandwich panels subject to planar impulsive loads. It remains to ascertain whether such foam-like models capture more nuanced aspects of sandwich panel behavior when locally loaded in edge clamped configurations.     

Theoretical prediction on corrugated sandwich panels under bending loads

In this paper, an aluminum corrugated sandwich panel with triangular core under bending loads was investigated. Firstly, the equivalent material parameters of the triangular corrugated core layer, which could be considered as an orthotropic panel, were obtained by using Castigliano’s theorem and equivalent homogeneous model. Secondly, contributions of the corrugated core layer and two face panels were both considered to compute the equivalent material parameters of the whole structure through the classical lamination theory, and these equivalent material parameters were compared with finite element analysis solutions. Then, based on the Mindlin orthotropic plate theory, this study obtain the closed-form solutions of the displacement for a corrugated sandwich panel under bending loads in specified boundary conditions, and parameters study and comparison by the finite element method were executed simultaneously.     

Theoretical approach on the dynamic global buckling response of metallic corrugated core sandwich columns

A theoretical (semi-analytical) approach was proposed to estimate the dynamic in-plane response of corrugated core sandwich columns against suddenly applied loads with a compression rate less than 5 m/s. The model has been constructed so as to effectively include various dynamic effects such as stress wave propagation, material rate dependence and lateral inertia. The practical and theoretical complexities caused from the dynamic phenomena and the established governing equations (e.g. coupled non-uniform axial force distribution) have been resolved by employing Galerkin׳s method. The proposed approach was validated by comparing the calculations from the theoretical model and Finite Element Method (FEM): the load history and deformation shape of extruded Al6061-T6 corrugated core sandwich columns and bending/brazed SS304 corrugated core sandwich columns. The model successfully yielded the imperfection-sensitive, velocity-dependent dynamic response and appearance of higher buckling modes. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the sandwich columns with periodic cellular metals outperform their weight-equivalents, monolithic solid columns, under dynamic conditions. The proposed approach as an efficient tool to explore the dynamic global buckling response in design space can make preliminary studies of weight minimization for dynamic applications.     

铝面板厚度对Nomex蜂窝夹层结构冲击后弯曲性能影响的试验研究

通过低速冲击试验和四点弯曲试验,研究了铝面板厚度对Nomex蜂窝夹层结构抗冲击能力和剩余强度的影响。结果表明:在冲击荷载作用下,面板发生变形的区域大小随面板厚度增加而变大,当面板厚度大于0.5mm时,变形区域直径趋于稳定;无论试件是否受到过冲击,在弯曲载荷作用下,0.2mm厚面板发生芯格内屈曲失稳,而其他厚度面板均发生格间失稳;对无冲击损伤的结构,0.2mm厚面板弯曲强度显著低于其他厚度面板;对含冲击损伤的结构,0.2mm厚面板的剩余强度百分比最高。     

层级褶皱结构夹层板的等效弹性常数

针对二级层级褶皱结构夹层板,通过变形协调研究了其等效弹性常数。首先对一级层级褶皱结构进行正交各向异性等效,得到一级等效弹性常数;将二级层级褶皱结构看成是由正交各向异性材料组成的三角形桁架夹心,将二级层级褶皱结构等效为均匀连续正交各向异性板,依据夹层板面板与夹心变形协调特点得到夹层板整体等效弹性常数。结合结构几何参数对等效公式的误差进行了讨论,并对等效公式做出修正。通过与数值分析结果对比,表明本文提出的等效公式具有较高精度。     

The impulsive response of sandwich beams: Analytical and numerical investigation of regimes of behaviour

An analytical model is developed to classify the impulsive response of sandwich beams based on the relative time-scales of core compression and the bending/stretching response of the sandwich beam. It is shown that an overlap in time scales leads to a coupled response and to the possibility of an enhanced shock resistance. Four regimes of behaviour are defined: decoupled responses with the sandwich core densifying partially or completely, and coupled responses with partial or full core densification. These regimes are marked on maps with axes chosen from the sandwich beam transverse core strength, the sandwich beam aspect ratio and the level of blast impulse. In addition to predicting the time-scales involved in the response of the sandwich beam, the analytical model is used to estimate the back face deflection, the degree of core compression and the magnitude of the support reactions. The predictions of the analytical model are compared with finite element (FE) simulations of impulsively loaded sandwich beams comprising an anisotropic foam core and elastic, ideally plastic face-sheets. The analytical and numerical predictions are in good agreement up to the end of core compression. However, the analytical model under-predicts the peak back face deflection and over-predicts the support reactions, especially for sandwich beams with high strength cores. The FE calculations are employed to construct design charts to select the optimum transverse core strength that either minimises the back face deflections or support reactions for a given sandwich beam aspect ratio or blast impulse. Typically, the value of the transverse core strength that minimises the back face deflection also minimises the support reactions. However, the optimal core strength depends on the level of blast impulse, with higher strength cores required for greater blasts.     

环氧树脂/泡沫铝一体型复合夹层板压缩及弯曲试验研究

提出了一种环氧树脂/泡沫铝一体型复合夹层板,通过准静态试验以及与纯泡沫铝、传统蒙皮夹层板的对比研究了其破坏过程、破坏形貌、破坏机理及压缩和弯曲力学性能。分别通过压缩应力-应变曲线和弯曲荷载-挠度曲线分析了复合层厚度对压缩及弯曲力学性能的影响,并与传统夹层板的力学性能进行了比较。结果表明,随着夹层板中环氧树脂/泡沫铝复合层厚度增加,其压缩弹性模量和抗压强度增加,弯曲承载力提高。相比传统蒙皮夹层板,由于表层和芯层之间没有明显界面,大大提高了夹芯板的整体性,在受力过程中不会出现表层剥离等现象。