稀土离子的高效毛细管电泳分离和测定

以咪唑为背影为电解质，以乳酸作为络合剂，采用毛细管离子电泳间接紫外法，研究了分离与测定稀土离子的方法，考察了背景电解质酸度、络合剂浓度，背景电解质共存离子的浓度，分离电压对稀土离子的影响。     

混合稀土离子的毛细管电泳电导法分离检测

采用高效毛细管电泳电导检测法分离检测了稀土离子。以醋酸-醋酸钠为背景电解质,4-吗啉乙磺酸（MES）为络合剂,在24kV的高压下,7种稀土离子得到子较好的分离。考察了背景电解质的pH和浓度,络合剂的浓度,分离电压等对稀土离子分离的影响。在选定的实验条件下,7种烯土离子在10min内守成分离检测。     

高效毛细管电泳测定混合氯化稀土中的稀土元素

研究了在以含有紫外吸收的咪唑为背影电解质和以α－羟基异丁酸为络合剂的缓冲液体系中，用毛细管电泳间接外法检测和然土离子的方法，讨论了各操作条件对稀土离子分离泊影响。     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定几种氨羧络合剂

本文提出用反相离子对高效液相色谱法,分离、测定了三组氨羧络合剂NTA-EDTA-HEDTA、EGTA-NTA和EGTA-HEDTA.讨论了pH、有机溶剂和离子对试剂对分离的影响。本法可用于生理盐水、植物营养液和合成洗涤剂中氨羧络合剂的含量测定。     

受腐蚀的不锈钢片和铝片中微量氟的分离和测定

大量铁或铝存在时欲分离微量氟颇为困难,即使采用氟离子选择电极测定微量氟亦需避免其影响。至于用茜素络合剂比色测定氟,自1959年Belcher提出后已得到广泛的应用。虽然,Feigl早就建议借提高溶液的pH值可使铁(Ⅲ)和铝(Ⅲ)的氟络合离子解蔽。向井等曾用8-羟基喹啉沉淀分离和测定共存的铝和氟。但两者均无分离微量氟的结果。而且,单凭提高pH并不能使氟离子与铝(Ⅲ)完全分离。本文用沉淀法使微量氟离子解蔽而分别与大量铁(Ⅲ)和铝(Ⅲ)分离,继借二苯胍阳离子对茜素络合剂-铈(Ⅲ)-氟离子三元络合物中亲水基团的封闭作用,以有机溶剂萃取分光光度测定微量氟。此法     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯氧化镨中稀土杂质

深入考察了ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ法测定高纯氧化镨时基体对稀土杂质测定的影响,研究了Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离大量基体Ｐｒ６Ｏ１１的实验条件,建立了采用内标补偿直接测定大部分稀土杂质和经Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离基体后测定被干扰离子Ｔｂ相结合测定高纯Ｐｒ６Ｏ１１中稀土杂质的ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ分析方法。     

四元淋洗液的离子色谱法同时分离和测定铁(Ⅲ)、铁(Ⅱ)、铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)和铅(Ⅱ)

本文叙述了一种四元淋洗液同时分离和测定七种金属离子的色谱条件。探讨了各离子的保留行为与淋洗液pH值和络合剂浓度间的变化规律。方法用于镀铬槽液中金属杂质分析,相对标准偏差小于2.0％,相对误差不超过3.5％。     

非抑制型离子色谱法分离测定稀土离子的研究

用非抑型制离子色谱法分离测定了Ｌａ３＋,Ｃｅ３＋,Ｐｒ３＋,Ｎｄ３＋,Ｓｍ３＋和Ｙｂ３＋等６种稀土离子。研究了流动相（乙二胺－柠檬酸、乙二胺－草酸、乙二胺－酒石酸）对稀土离子分离状况的影响,确定分析６种稀土离子的最佳流动相为０．２５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙二胺－０．５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ柠檬酸（ｐＨ４．５０）。在选定的实验条件下测得了稀土离子的检出限、线性范围、工作曲线和相对标准偏差,应用于农用稀土液的分析,结果良好。方法具有简便、准确等优点。     

TTHA-稀土络合物的导数光谱及分析应用

本文研究了氨羧络合剂三乙基四胺六乙酸对稀土离子特征吸收光谱的增强作用及络合物的导数光谱在分析中的应用。拟定了某些单一稀土(Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Ho、Er)的测定方法。测定了合成试样中的Pr、Sm、Eu和Ho、Er、Nd以及氧化稀土混合物中的Pr、Nd,都获得了比较满意的结果。     

稀土元素的原子吸收光谱分析研究Ⅳ.在空气-乙炔焰中络合剂对铕的增感效应

在空气-乙炔焰中,研究了有机络合剂对銪的增感效应和弱酸性络合剂对铕原子吸收光谱分析行为影响的规律性,拟定的分析方法用于合成试样和混合稀土试样中铕的测定,结果满意。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。