CO_2在中性及带负电Be_n~m(n=4,7,10,12,m=0,-1)团簇表面的吸附与解离（英文）

运用密度泛函理论,对中性及带负电的Be_n~mCO_2(n=4,7,10,12,m=0,-1)团簇进行了构型优化,稳定性和电子性质分析.结果表明:CO_2吸附于Ben和Ben-1团簇表面时,C-O键长均有不同程度的伸长.其中Be4CO_2-1,Be12CO_2-1中CO_2分子的一个C-O键自然断裂(伸长量达到了134%和156%),为典型的解离性吸附.Be团簇表现出了较好的吸附CO_2分子的能力,特别是带负电以后,吸附能明显增大(约为3.16 e V--5.965 e V).电子性质分析表明,带负电升高了相应团簇的前线轨道能级,使轨道杂化发生在费米能级处附近,从而增强了CO_2分子与相应团簇的成键能力.     

CO2在中性及带负电Be（n=4, 7, 10, 12, m=0, -1）团簇表面的吸附与解离

运用密度泛函理论,对中性及带负电的BeCO2 (n=4, 7, 10, 12, m=0, -1) 团簇进行了构型优化,稳定性和电子性质分析。结果表明：CO2吸附于Ben和Ben-1团簇表面时,C-O键长均有不同程度的伸长。其中Be4CO2-1,Be12CO2-1中CO2分子的一个C-O键自然断裂(伸长量达到了134%和156%),为典型的解离性吸附。Be团簇表现出了较好的吸附CO2分子的能力,特别是带负电以后,吸附能明显增大(约为3.16eV--5.965eV)。电子性质分析表明,带负电升高了相应团簇的前线轨道能级,使轨道杂化发生在费米能级处附近,从而增强了CO2分子与相应团簇的成键能力。     

NO在金属Be_n(n=2-12)团簇表面的平行吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的广义梯度近似(GGA),对Be_nNO (n=2-12)团簇进行了构型优化,稳定性和电子性质分析.结果表明:从n=3开始,Be_nNO的基态均为NO分子平行吸附于主团簇Be_n某一表面时形成的,此时N-O键自然断裂(N-O键伸长量均超过了100%),而N端吸附于Be-Be桥位的结构仅是Be_nNO (n=2-12)团簇的一个亚稳态结构.成键性质分析表明,NO平行吸附时,N,O原子倾向于同时吸附于近邻的三个Be原子面位,相应的Be_n团簇表现出了很好的吸附能力.此时N, O原子的sp~3轨道杂化出现的孤对电子对N-O键的断裂产生了重要影响.     

Aun(n=2,3,4)团簇与乙醇分子相互作用的第一性原理研究

利用密度泛函理论研究了Au_n(n=2,3,4)团簇与乙醇分子的吸附机理.研究结果表明:Au_n(n=2,3,4)团簇分别能够吸附1到n个乙醇分子,生成Au_n-(C₂H₆O)_1-n配合物;Au₄团簇吸附乙醇分子有多种构型,通过分析吸附能和Mulliken电荷分布,确定了4个乙醇分子的吸附顺序及相应的稳定构型;Au_n(n=3,4)团簇在吸附最后一个乙醇分子时改变了前面Au—O成键的作用模式,而是选择Au—H成键;作为吸附主体的金团簇和被吸附的乙醇分子在吸附前后构型变化都很少,它们之间的吸附作用为弱相互作用. 关键词： 金团簇 乙醇分子 密度泛函理论     

H2在Li掺杂Al7C+上吸附的理论研究

摘要: 利用密度泛函理论研究了H2分子在Li掺杂Al7C+团簇上的吸附．对于Al7C+团簇,H2分子的吸附能仅为-0.017eV,掺杂Li原子到Al7C+团簇可以明显增强对H2分子的吸附．吸附一个H2分子时吸附能可以达到-0.151eV,吸附四个H2分子的平均吸附能为-0.073eV．根据自然键轨道分析,电荷从Li原子向Al7C+团簇转移,带正电的Li离子极化H2分子并且增强了H2分子与Al7CLi+团簇之间的相互作用．     

Li原子修饰笼型Si6团簇的结构和储氢性能

利用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法, 在6-311+G(d, p)基组水平上对Si6和Li修饰的Si6团簇的几何结构和电子性质及储氢性能进行模拟计算和理论研究. 结果表明, Si6团簇最低能量构型为笼型结构, 纯Si6团簇不能有效吸附氢分子. Li原子的引入显著改善了Si6团簇的储氢能力. 以两个Li原子端位修饰Si6团簇为载体, 其氢分子的平均吸附能为1.692~2.755 kcal/mol, 每个Li原子周围可以有效吸附五个氢分子, 储氢密度可达9.952wt%. 合适的吸附能和较高储氢密度表明Li修饰Si6团簇有望成为理想的储氢材料.     

Li原子修饰笼型Si_6团簇的结构和储氢性能

利用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-311+G(d,p)基组水平上对Si_6和Li修饰的Si_6团簇的几何结构和电子性质及储氢性能进行模拟计算和理论研究.结果表明,Si_6团簇最低能量构型为笼型结构,纯Si_6团簇不能有效吸附氢分子.Li原子的引入显著改善了Si_6团簇的储氢能力.以两个Li原子端位修饰Si_6团簇为载体,其氢分子的平均吸附能为1.692~2.755 kcal/mol,每个Li原子周围可以有效吸附五个氢分子,储氢密度可达9.952 wt%.合适的吸附能和较高储氢密度表明Li修饰Si_6团簇有望成为理想的储氢材料.     

第一性原理研究SinB（n=1～12）团簇的稳定性

基于密度泛函理论（DFT），我们研究了SinB（n=1～12）团簇的稳定性．结果表明：SinB的基态构型是在Sin-1B的基态或亚稳态构型上带帽一个Si原子而得到；随着团簇尺寸的增大，B原子逐渐从吸附在Sin团簇的表面位置移动到Sin团簇笼内；掺杂B原子提高了纯硅团簇的稳定性；电子总是从Si向B转移，B原子所带的电荷数不仅与B原子的配住数有关，还与SinB团簇的基态结构密切相关.     

关于Al_nC和Al_nC~+(n=1—8)团簇结构和稳定性的研究

通过采用7种密度泛函理论DFT方法对AlnC进行计算,所得结果与实验数据比较,选择了B3lyp方法和6-311G(d)基组对AlnC及AlnC+(n=1—8)团簇进行结构优化和频率分析,得到了AlnC及AlnC+基态以及亚稳态结构.当n从小到大变化时,这些团簇的结构从平面向立体过渡,平面构型以三角形为主,立体构型主要是三棱柱笼状结构;在这些团簇中的高对称性结构中,中性团簇和阳离子只能有其一是稳定构型;在所研究的团簇中,Al2C和Al5C团簇较为稳定.     

第一性原理研究SinB(n=1～12)团簇的稳定性

基于密度泛函理论(DFT),我们研究了SinB(n=1～12)团簇的稳定性.结果表明:SinB的基态构型是在Sin-1B的基态或亚稳态构型上带帽一个Si原子而得到;随着团簇尺寸的增大,B原子逐渐从吸附在Sin团簇的表面位置移动到Sin团簇笼内;掺杂B原子提高了纯硅团簇的稳定性;电子总是从Si向B转移,B原子所带的电荷数不仅与B原子的配位数有关,还与SinB团簇的基态结构密切相关.     

Vibrational properties of RbNd(WO4)2: high pressure Raman study, structural and phonon calculations

RbNd(WO(4))(2) was investigated by high pressure Raman spectroscopy in the 0.1-12.3 GPa pressure interval. The assignment of modes was made based on lattice dynamics calculations and the results of these calculations helped us to also discuss the high pressure behavior of phonon spectra in this material. Our results show that a double oxygen bridge plays a fundamental role in the vibrational properties of this system. A density functional theory (DFT) calculation of hydrostatic pressure effects on RbNd(WO(4))(2) was performed in order to understand the effect of internal bond changes on the vibrational properties of RbNd(WO(4))(2). No pressure induced structural phase transition was observed in the Raman study at room temperature, and the DFT calculation (T = 0 K) is consistent with this result. The anomalous softening of the bridge stretching mode at 770 cm(-1) was attributed to the decrease of W-O1-W bond angle with increasing pressure.     

A comparative analysis of electron spectroscopy and first-principles studies on Cu(Pd) adsorption on MgO

Ultrathin MgO films were grown on a W(1 1 0) substrate while metastable impact electron (MIES) and photoelectron (UPS) spectra were measured in situ; apart from the valence band emission, no additional spectral features were detected. The oxide surface was exposed to metal atoms (Cu, Pd) at RT. A comparison with the DOS extracted from first-principles DFT calculations shows that the metal-induced intensity developing above the top of the O 2p valence band in the UP spectra under Cu(Pd) exposure is caused by Cu 3d (Pd 4d) emission. The emission seen in the MIES spectra is attributed to the ionization of Cu 3d and 4s states of adsorbed neutral Cu atoms in an Auger process, Auger neutralization, involving two electrons from the surface, at least one of them from the metal adsorbate. The shape of the MIES spectra suggests metallic island growth even at the lowest studied exposures, which is supported by the first-principles calculations.     

一种新的C32异构体

我们构造出一种新的类笼形C32异构体, 不包含五边形和六边形结构,具有D2h对称性.采用密度泛函理论DFT的rb3lyp方法在6-31G(d)基组水平上进行了相关计算 .计算结果表明它是一种稳定的构型.     

EPR and density functional studies on 3-pyridylmethaniminoxy radical:1H hyperfine couplings as a structural criterion for iminoxyls derived from pyridinealdoximes

3-pyridylmethaniminoxyl has been generated by γ-irradiation of the parent oxime in the solid state and by incorporation of 3-pyridinealdoxime into the channels of thermally activated pentasil zeolite ZSM-5. The radical formed by both methods exhibits an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum with a characteristic powder pattern. The assignment of the hyperfine structure of the anisotropic spectra to the couplings with¹⁴N and¹H nuclei of Z geometrical isomer of 3-pyridylmethaniminoxy radical has been aided significantly by comparison with the coupling parameters calculated with the density functional theory (DFT). It has been found that 3- and 4-pyridylmethaniminoxyls generated in the oxime matrices, in contrast to the radicals derived from 2-pyridinealdoxime, have a possibility to isomerize. The EPR spectra of γ-irradiated 3- and 4-pyridinealdoximes show a distinct temperature dependence of particular isomer contributions which have been correlated with the relative energies of the isomers derived from DFT calculations. Hybrid density functional methods have been also used to determine the structure of transition states for isomerization (via inversion at nitrogen) and rotation (of pyridyl ring) as well as to predict the appropriate energy barriers.     

Si_4N_4团簇结构与性质的密度泛函理论研究(英文)

用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)的水平上对Si4N4团簇的可能结构进行了几何结构优化和电子结构计算,得到了可能的17个异构体.Si4N4团簇的最稳定结构是有8个Si-N键的平面结构.用自然键轨道(NBO)方法分析了成键性质.计算结果表明,Si-N键中Si原子向N原子有较大的电荷转移,因此Si-N原子间有较强的电相互作用;最强的IR和Raman谱峰分别位于1387.64cm-1和1415.05cm-1处;并计算了Si4N4团簇的最稳定结构的极化率和超极化率.     

Tb3+和Na2WO4共掺杂SiO2材料的制备及其发光性质

通过溶胶-凝胶技术制备了稀土离子Tb3 和Na2WO4共掺杂的SiO2材料,利用DTA-TG,IR,XRD等测试手段研究了材料的结构。材料属于非晶态,800℃退火后Tb3 和Na2WO4共掺杂样品的主要结构为SiO2的网状结构。通过三维荧光光谱,荧光激发光谱和发射光谱,分析探讨了Na2WO4对掺稀土离子的SiO2体系发光性质的影响。结果显示,在230nm激发下,样品显示Tb3 的5D4—7Fj(j=4,5,6)和5D3—7Fj(j=4,5,6)发射光谱,在紫外灯的照射下,发射均匀的蓝绿色荧光,说明样品掺杂均匀且分散性较好。Na2WO4的掺入,并不影响Tb3 在SiO2基质中的发射峰的主要位置,但对发光强度有很大的影响,敏化了5D4—7F6蓝色跃迁而猝灭了5D4—7F5绿色跃迁,使材料发射蓝绿色荧光。文章通过所得的能级图,对样品的跃迁机理进行了分析。     

Metal (Cu; Pd) adsorption on MgO: investigations with MIES and UPS

MgO films (2-nm thick) were grown on W(110) while metastable impact electron (MIES) and photoelectron (UPS(HeI)) spectra were collected in situ; apart from the valence-band emission no additional spectral features could be detected. The oxide surface was exposed to metal atoms (Cu; Pd) (substrate at 300 K). For Cu, but not for Pd/MgO, a characteristic initial decrease of the surface work function by about 0.4 eV is observed for small exposures. Metal-induced intensity develops above the top of the O2p valence band in UPS caused by 3dCu (4dPd) emission. The emission seen for Cu/MgO in the MIES spectra above the 2pO valence band is attributed to the ionization of Cu4s states of neutrally adsorbed Cu species; the shape of the MIES spectra suggests island growth even at the lowest studied exposures. For Cu/MgO the critical coverage for the transition from 2D to 3D island growth, as determined with MIES, is estimated as 0.15 monolayers. PACS 79.20; 79.60.Dp; 73.22.-f; 82.80.Pv     

A study of the interaction between perylene and the TiO2(1 1 0)-(1 × 1) surface-based on XPS, UPS and NEXAFS measurements

The interaction between a semi-large aromatic hydrocarbon compound (perylene) and the TiO₂(1 1 0)-(1 × 1) surface under ultra high vacuum conditions has been probed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) methods. UPS measurements of the adsorbate system have been compared with an experimental UPS spectrum of perylene in the gas phase and a calculated spectrum obtained by means of density functional theory (DFT) methods. NEXAFS results of perylene molecules adsorbed on TiO₂(1 1 0)-(1 × 1) were compared with data from an α-phase perylene single crystal. A novel analysis of the valence data has been employed to show that no strong chemical interaction takes place between perylene and the TiO₂(1 1 0)-(1 × 1) surface. Furthermore, angle-dependent NEXAFS measurements and the growth curve results suggest that the perylene molecules are oriented flat down onto the TiO₂ substrate due to weak van der Waals interactions.     

Efficient thin-disk Tm-laser operation based on Tm:KLu(WO4)2/KLu(WO4)2 epitaxies

A diode-pumped thin-disk laser based on Tm:KLu(WO4)2/KLu(WO4)2 epitaxies is realized. The emission is in the 1850-1945 nm spectral range for Tm-doping between 5 and 15 at. %. The maximum slope efficiency of 47% with respect to the absorbed power obtained with 5 at. % Tm:KLu(WO4)2/KLu(WO4)2 corresponds to a maximum output power of ~6 W in cw operation.     

Penning ionization electron spectroscopy and photo-electron spectroscopy of molecular solids. II. Ammonia and water

The Penning ionization electron spectra (PIES) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) of ammonia and water molecules condensed on a cold metal substrate have been measured using thermal He*(2³S, 2¹S) metastable atoms and He(I) (58.4 nm) photons. The shifts of the observed positions of the PIES peaks relative to those of the UPS peaks in the condensed phase are roughly equal to the corresponding shifts in the gas phase. The relative intensities of the 3a₁ and 1e orbital peaks are reversed in the PIES and UPS for both gaseous and condensed ammonia; the origin of this reversal is interpreted as the difference between the interactions with metastable atoms and photons. On the other hand, the relative intensities of the 3a₁ orbital peak in the PIES and UPS for condensed water decrease as compared to the gas-phase spectra. This implies participation of the 3a₁ orbital of water in the hydrogen bonding.