S波段多路径向线功率分配器的设计与实验

为了实现高功率微波的多路等幅同相功率分配,提出了一种新型的使用单圈探针耦合的多路径向线功率分配器。通过对新型探针耦合特性的分析,设计了一个S波段的16路功率分配器模型,并对该模型进行了数值模拟和实验测量。实验结果表明:该功率分配器在2.55~3.15 GHz的频带范围内,驻波比小于1.4,插入损耗小于0.3 dB,输出幅度不平衡度小于±0.5 dB,输出相位不平衡度小于±5°,可以在较宽的频带内实现微波的等幅同相功率分配。     

All-optical clock frequency divider using Fabry-Perot laser diode based on the dynamical period-one oscillation

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a frequency divider implemented by an optically injected Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) based on the nonlinear dynamical period-one oscillation. Injected by optical pulses, the FP-LD will oscillate in unstable dynamical period-one (P1) oscillation. Through changing the injected strength, emitting wavelength and bias current of the FP-LD, the oscillating frequencies of the P1 state can be varied. Once one of the harmonic frequencies is adjusted to match the repetition frequency of injected optical clock pulse, the P1 oscillation will be locked, and then a divided clock at the fundamental frequency of the P1 oscillation can be generated. By utilizing this divider, we can achieve the optical clock frequency division of divide-by-two, -three and -four in a wide input frequency range, for instance, of 9.0 to 20.0 GHz for divide-by-two. The influence of injected optical power on the timing jitter of the divided clock is also investigated. It is expected that this frequency divider can be applied to high frequency division exceeding 100 GHz due to its fast P1 oscillation.     

电磁轨道发射装置隔离式分压器

研制了一套用于测量电磁发射装置轨道电压信号的隔离式分压器,实现了测量回路与被测回路之间的电隔离,简化了电磁发射装置测试系统的复杂性。并对影响隔离式分压器频率响应的元件参数进行了参数扫描,结果表明:研制的分压器在-3 dB区间的频率响应范围为14 Hz~18 MHz,满足电磁发射装置轨道电压信号的测试要求。使用P6015A高压探头进行比对标定,输出信号的前沿约1s,频率响应满足电磁轨道发射装置轨道电压信号的测量要求。同时用隔离式分压器及电阻分压器测量轨道电压信号,两者波形符合较好。     

宽带高功率贴片天线阵列辐射特性

 为提高宽带高功率微波辐射天线的总体功率容量和增益,研究了2×2宽带高功率贴片天线阵列的阵元互耦特性、馈电功分器设计及对宽带电磁脉冲的辐射特性。阵元采用宽带高功率双层贴片天线,分析了阵元反射和互耦系数随阵元间距的变化关系,结合增益变化曲线,选取阵元间距为30 cm。优化设计了1分4的同轴功分器,采用阻抗渐变方法,提高了功分器的带宽,使其在224~415 MHz时的反射系数小于0.1。模拟了带功分器的完整天线阵,结果表明天线阵带宽达到了57.4％,280~390 MHz频带范围内的增益大于12 dB,在360 MHz时达到最大增益14.23 dB,对中心频率320 MHz,带宽10％的宽带电磁脉冲辐射效率为868％,峰值功率增益大于11 dB。     

Wideband optical phase modulator half-wave voltage measurement technique based on phase modulation optical link

We measured the half-wave voltage V_π of LiNbO₃ phase modulators in the broadband frequency range by analyzing the gain of phase modulation interference demodulation optical link. This is a new high practical value measurement method for half-wave voltage of LiNbO₃ phase modulators in wideband frequency range, and can accurately predict the nonlinear frequency characteristics of phase modulation optical link.     

可调频高功率宽谱微波的产生和辐射

 设计了一种可调谐频率的高功率宽谱微波辐射装置,装置由可调谐长度的1/4波长低阻同轴谐振器、环形开关、电容耦合器和宽谱辐射天线组成,中心频率调谐为200～400 MHz。低阻传输线与环形开关构成1/4波长短路谐振器,它产生的宽谱微波振荡通过耦合器耦合到宽谱辐射天线上辐射,而耦合器由集中电容与分布电感组成,实现宽谱微波在频率调谐范围内以较为一致的耦合度提取微波能量。通过转动螺杆滑动安装在同轴谐振器内芯上的环形开关,达到改变谐振频率的目的。最后,将可调频宽谱辐射装置与输出电压为500 kV的Tesla变压器脉冲功率源联试,得到200～400 MHz宽谱微波辐射,辐射因子为95～130 kV,频谱百分比带宽为10%～30%。     

高功率过模圆波导到两路矩形波导功分器

基于模式匹配法分析了高功率过模圆波导到两路矩形波导功分器在传输过程中高阶模式的传输和反射问题,分析得到了高传输效率对过模圆波导的要求,并以此仿真设计了中心频率为2.88GHz的功分器,设计结果表明:在中心频率下反射系数为0.05,对应的圆波导TM01模到矩形波导TE10模传输效率大于99%,真空中功率容量为2.83GW;在2.82~2.94GHz的频带范围内反射系数小于0.1,对应的传输效率大于98%。     

Analytical derivation of a nonlinear FET-equivalent-circuit for MMIC applications

A new method for the derivation of a FET-equivalent-circuit is presented in this paper. The model which is valid at least in the frequency range of 45 MHz to 26.5 GHz allows a large-signal simulation of the FET. The elements of the equivalent-circuit are calculated analytically from the measured scattering parameters of the FET.     

磁绝缘传输线电压测量用自积分式电容分压器研制

研制了一种用于磁绝缘传输线（MITL）电压测量的自积分式电容分压器;利用PSpice软件和标定实验数据,建立了该分压器等效电路模型,给出了分压器系统传递函数,并分析了分压器频率响应特性。计算结果表明:该分压器对于被测信号大于5 MHz频率分量部分的相频和幅频响应无明显畸变。基于强光一号长1.0 m、阴阳极间隙2 cm的同轴型MITL实验平台对该分压器实际工作性能进行了考核。实验结果表明,在相对少量场致发射电子抵达阳极表面的条件下,该分压器能够有效测量MITL沿线电压波形（2.07 负载条件下,电压峰值约600 kV、峰值时间约80 ns）。     

渔业声学回波散射测量系统的宽频带换能器

针对目前渔业声学宽频带回波散射测量系统采用多个不同频带的换能器合成、结构复杂且不方便携带的缺点,本文提出一种使用低机械品质因数、高谐振频率的积层压电致动器作为核心压电元件的"朗之万"型宽带水声换能器。测试结果表明,该换能器适用的频率范围为20 kHz~150 kHz,在三个渔业声学常用频率38 kHz、70 kHz、120 kHz下的-3 dB波束宽度分别为20.0°、11.5°、5.0°,可以满足对常见渔业资源种类的宽带声学回波散射特征的测量要求。     

用于HLS单束团运行模式的高频剔除系统

 介绍了主要用于实现合肥光源单束团运行模式的高频剔除（RFKO）系统。该系统完全基于仪器设备(分频器、波形发生器、宽带放大器和具有I/Q调制功能的矢量信号发生器),无任何专门设计的电子线路。高频剔除的原理是激励粒子横向振荡而丢失。激励信号产生的过程是：将取自储存环高频系统的信号进行分频,得到束团同步信号;用束团同步信号触发波形发生器,生成窄脉冲;该窄脉冲调制信号发生器,输出高频剔除信号,放大后加在条带电极上,进行束团剔除。目前获得了18 mA的单束团最高流强。改变分频数和脉冲长度,可得到其它一些周期性填充模式,其中3串6束团以及非均匀填充模式得到了实验验证。     

Wideband Propagation at Millimeter Wavelengths Through the Dispersive and Absorptive Atmosphere

The propagation of wideband signals through the atmosphere has been studied at millimeter wavelengths at which the atmosphere exhibits significant dispersion as well as absorption. The wideband signals having a Gaussian spectrum are considered to be propagating at carrier frequencies in the range 10-200 GHz over line-of-sight paths under varying propagation conditions effected by the clear air and raining atmosphere. The propagation effects on the wideband signal are assessed in terms of the percentage change in the width and the group delay suffered by the pulsed envelope, also having a Gaussian shape, and the shift in the mode frequency of the signal. The results of numerical calculations, based on a closed solution of Fourier integral, show that the propagated wideband signal can be significantly affected by the atmosphere depending on rain rate, carrier frequency, path length and signal bandwidth.     

Multichannel liquid-crystal-based wave-front corrector with modal influence functions

We report on a multichannel liquid-crystal-based wave-front corrector with smooth modal influence functions. The phase is controlled by application of spatially localized ac voltages to a distributed voltage divider formed by a liquid-crystal layer sandwiched between a high-conductance and a low-conductance electrode. The shape of the influence function depends on the control frequency and material parameters of the distributed voltage divider. We have experimentally realized a reflective modulator controlled by an array of 16 x 16 electrodes, providing phase control with an amplitude of ~16pi at lambda =633 nm with a time constant of the order of tens of milliseconds. We experimentally demonstrated that the amplitude of each influence function can be controlled by change of the control voltage, whereas the width of the influence function is controlled by the frequency of the control voltage in a range of ~1 mm to the full width of the modulator aperture.     

Costas编码跳频信号多普勒容限及其在多声源宽带正交检测中的应用

针对Costas信号的传统宽带匹配滤波因拷贝信号生成过程复杂而带来的计算复杂度高的问题,给出了一种通过计算宽带回波与窄带近似回波的互相关度进而得到Costas信号多普勒容限的数值计算方法,并提出利用容限值对预测目标多普勒范围进行分段窄带近似处理,从而避免了大量的时域伸缩变换,简化了拷贝信号的生成复杂度,提高了宽带匹配滤波的处理效率。随后,将这种方法扩展应用到多声源多目标的回波检测中,利用Costas信号的正交性及多普勒容限值,设计了一种宽带正交匹配检测器,大大提高了多目标声探测的效率。实验仿真和分析证明了多普勒容限求取方法的正确性及其应用于宽带正交匹配检测的有效性。      

宽带Wilkinson功分器的粒子群优化设计

提出了一种采用圆弧型结构的宽频Wilkinson功分器的优化设计方法。在研究奇模-偶模分析理论的基础上,首先,根据奇-偶模分析理论得出设计电路的参数方程,接着采用粒子群算法对方程进行优化,获得具体的设计参数,有效提高功分器的设计效率与准确性。为了验证设计方案的正确性,设计了8~12 GHz的宽带功分器。测试结果显示,在工作频段范围内,各端口回波损耗小于-20 dB,传输损耗小于3.4 dB,隔离度小于-20 dB,实物测试结果与仿真结果吻合良好,验证了设计方法的可行性。     

Wideband characterization of the complex wave number and characteristic impedance of sound absorbers

Several methods for measuring the complex wave number and the characteristic impedance of sound absorbers have been proposed in the literature. These methods can be classified into single frequency and wideband methods. In this paper, the main existing methods are revisited and discussed. An alternative method which is not well known or discussed in the literature while exhibiting great potential is also discussed. This method is essentially an improvement of the wideband method described by Iwase et al., rewritten so that the setup is more ISO 10534-2 standard-compliant. Glass wool, melamine foam and acoustical/thermal insulator wool are used to compare the main existing wideband non-iterative methods with this alternative method. It is found that, in the middle and high frequency ranges the alternative method yields results that are comparable in accuracy to the classical two-cavity method and the four-microphone transfer-matrix method. However, in the low frequency range, the alternative method appears to be more accurate than the other methods, especially when measuring the complex wave number.     

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介绍了HL-2M装置低混杂波系统中3.7GHz微波激励源的设计。微波激励源设计为模块化形式,由3.7GHz点频固态源单元、功率分配器单元、功率放大器单元和现场控制器单元等组成。微波激励源有8路输出端口,每个端口的输出功率在0~10W范围内连续可调,并可以实现远程控制输出功率;采用取样鉴相锁相环技术使微波输出信号具有相位噪声低、频率稳定度高、杂散抑制好等优点。频偏1kHz时,相位噪声是-115dBc/Hz,频偏10kHz时,相位噪声是-117dBc/Hz,频偏100kHz时,相位噪声是-122dBc/Hz;输出频率稳定度≤0.03ppm/30min;杂散抑制≤-80dBc。     

用于脉冲功率装置测量的混合式高压分压器

为准确测量脉冲放电电压,提出了固液混合式高压分压器的原理与结构,并进行了标定和实验测试。用简化模型分析了分压器系统的理想响应条件,讨论了两级分压的衰减特性,提出了控制误差的方法。通过负载标定,得到分压器脉冲电压频率响应大于2.9 MHz,最长脉冲宽度40 s,分压比(或衰减系数)为2.60 kV/V,测量误差小于5%。该高压分压器具有造价低、制作易,同时适于ns到s级脉冲电压的测量等优点,可以在实验室中得到应用。     

同轴高功率超宽带功分器研究

 运用同轴结构,研制出高功率超宽带功分器,采取先阻抗变换,再功分的形式,以简化机械加工难度。运用高频仿真软件进行仿真分析,研制出一分为二和一分为四的功分器,再组合成为一分为八的功分器,高压实验表明该功分器能耐高压,驻波测试表明阻抗匹配较好,从测量的传输参数可以看出输出各端口幅度一致性较好。证明了该高功率超宽带功分器可以用作实际的高功率天线阵列。     

压力罐中水声材料声学特性的参量源测量法

设计了一种原波频率500 kHz、差频范围1~30 kHz的截断宽带参量阵,作为水声材料测量系统的声源。通过分析典型频率下的宽带参量源指向性理论计算和实际测量结果,发现两者结果的曲线基本吻合,证明计算模型是正确的。应用钟形短时脉冲实现水声材料声特性的宽带测量,有益于降低样品边缘衍射干扰。并建立了测量水声材料大面积板状样品声压反射系数、声压透射系数和吸声系数的压力罐测量系统,罐体内尺寸Φ4 m×12 m,最高静水压4.5 MPa,测量频率范围1~30 kHz。对标准样品(尺寸1m×1m)进行了测量实验,其测量结果和理论曲线有很好的吻合,参量源测量法得到了验证;之后,通过对一块橡胶板样品在不同静压力下的吸声性能进行了测量和有效评估,进一步确认了参量源测量法在压力罐这样有限水域中的潜在应用价值。