减轻水库破坏深度的多目标调度模型与方法

本文根据出力均匀化的原则建立多目标优化模型求解出调度方案 ,并结合水库实例计算 ,指导水库实际的调度以减轻水库破坏程度 .     

时延网络控制系统的协同设计方法研究

在搭建的虚拟平台上对多任务的网络控制系统调度和嵌入LQG控制算法进行了仿真.探索了网络控制系统中调度与控制协同设计方法,讨论系统采样周期对网络控制系统的影响.以优化控制系统的性能为目标,以网络的可调度性为条件,结合系统控制和调度算法,对网络控制系统进行静态性能指标估计和动态调度仿真相结合.结果表明该方法既满足了控制系统的性能,又优化了网络的调度,提高了网络的资源率.     

基于状态势博弈的电力系统分布式经济调度方法

未来电网中出现的主要变革之一在于电力系统电源结构的变化,分布式能源发电设备的广泛接入给传统调度与控制框架带来了严峻挑战.电力系统尤其是主动配电网中,调度控制体系的去中心化成为一种趋势.状态势博弈理论为电力系统分布式调度与控制体系的构建提供了一个良好框架.文章基于状态势博弈理论,给出了分布式电力系统经济调度的一般设计方法.该方法能够兼顾全网功率平衡约束与网络传输功率限制,同时实现主体间通信量极小化,因而具有较强的算法鲁棒性与实际应用价值.通过IEEE 9节点标准系统的仿真分析验证了所提方法的有效性及正确性.     

基于增益调度解耦控制的飞行控制系统研究

针对一类非线性系统,设计了增益调度解耦控制律,且给出了定量的闭环特性分析.在控制系统分析中,建立了闭环系统阶跃响应和动态性能指标关于控制参数的数学表达式,从而克服了许多控制算法中参数试凑的盲目性和重复性.此外,在控制律实现中,为保证作为调度变量的系统输出缓慢变化,且为避免工作点处实际模型和线性模型之间的大偏差以及控制量的瞬时值过大或是振荡,提出进行参考信号变换,即阶跃跳变部分都用正弦信号去替代.为验证所设计控制律的可行性和有效性,将其应用于四旋翼飞行器的飞行控制中.根据四旋翼飞行器的结构特性和运动原理,设计了递阶形式的飞行控制结构,并采用所提出的增益调度解耦控制律分别设计外环的位置控制器和内环的姿态控制器.飞行仿真结果表明所设计的飞行控制系统结构和所提出的控制律具有可行性和有效性.     

基于信息熵的配送系统扰动度量及应用研究

物流配送系统的不确定性主要是指难以预测及控制的作业状态,干扰计划执行的时效性和稳定性.本文结合信息论给出对配送系统复杂度的定义及不确定性状态描述,并应用信息熵理论建立静态和动态复杂度模型.将上述复杂性理论应用到配送调度,提出调度最大可行周期和调度计划执行稳定度两个评价配送调度时效性和稳定性的量化指标.最后,应用实例证明该理论和方法对配送系统的有效性.     

实时系统中单处理器调度算法的优化设计研究

研究实时系统的建模与调度问题是运筹与控制领域研究的热点问题, 对实时系统中的单处理器的调度算法进行了分析与研究, 特别是对其中的单调速率算法和最早时间限优先算法进行了深入的研究, 指出单调速率算法是一种典型的静态调度算法, 并且证明了单调速率算法是单处理器最优的静态优先级调度算法, 同时还指出最早时间限优先算法是一种典型的动态优先级调度算法,证明了最早时间限优先算法是单处理器的最优的动态优先级调度算法. 最后, 为了更好地进行实时系统的建模与调度, 引入了一种新的对任务执行行为进行抽象的方法--T-LET平面方法, 利用这种方法建立了单处理器流调度模型和BLREF调度算法, 并指出这种模型和算法都具有很强的几何背景.     

极限应变法在圆形隧洞稳定分析中的应用

材料的屈服和破坏是不同的,屈服准则已有大量研究,但缺少严格的破坏准则.理想弹塑性模型用应力表述难以区别屈服与破坏,为此该文提出极限应变破坏判据,可用于判断材料的局部和整体破坏.给出了不同材料极限应变的确定方法,并作为破坏判据用于岩土类材料的稳定分析,称为极限应变法.将极限应变法应用于圆形隧洞,研究隧洞的破坏过程、围岩破坏深度及其安全系数,并与滑移线理论和实际模型试验的结果进行对比.研究表明:极限应变法能够判断圆形隧洞的破坏过程与极限状态,求得准确的安全系数,与滑移线场法和模型试验的结果一致,验证了极限应变法在隧洞中应用的可行性.极限应变判据具有明确的力学意义,能反映材料破坏的全过程,为岩土类材料极限分析提供了一种新的方法.     

货物列车的编组调度问题

研究的是货物列车的编组和调度问题.通过对问题的深入研究,设计了一种车辆编组调度方案的算法.按照这种算法,在数据处理的基础上利用VC编写每个问题的处理程序,实现了对列车的快速安全高效的调度.对每个问题进行处理,都得到符合要求的结果.问题一首先对整个车辆编组调度的问题进行分析,在尽量保证新组装列车满载的基础上,使每班的中时尽可能少.为此,本文解决了两个关键问题:一是选车问题,二是拆解重组的问题.采用梯形方案对列车车辆进行编队重组,对选车问题主要采用按照时间先后顺序的选车方案,然后通过启发式算法配合遗传算法的选车方案对按时间先后顺序的方案进行检验.从编写的VC程序的运行结果来看,两种方案都可得到满意的结果,遗传算法得到的结果更为合理.另外,为了达到中时最短,采用双推双滑的方式利用驼峰线,提高了调度效率,并在驼峰线和编组道之间加入了碰撞检验模块,保证了列车调度时的安全性.问题二的求解是在问题一的基础上对待拆列车按优先级进行分类.对优先级高的列车先进行拆解.救灾车辆最高,其次是军列和发往S1的车辆,最后是一般车辆.问题三的处理主要是在问题二的基础上,通过提前获得列车的相关信息来决定编组场的列车离开编组场的时刻,从而缩短车辆的中时.问题四在原有模型基础上对编组方案进行了修改,利用编写的VC程序重新计算了每班的中时和列车的调度方案.问题五主要分析了整个系统瓶颈所在,分析了提高资源利用率的可行性.最后,通过对站名的调整,达到了对地质灾害等对铁路系统的破坏突发情况的有效处理,并且进一步分析了如何提高车站的效率的调度方案和建议.     

考虑浅埋破坏的拖曳锚在黏土中安装运动特性分析

拖曳锚是海洋工程中一种常见的系泊基础,因造价低廉和高承载特性而得到广泛应用.其在海床中的安装轨迹和运动特性受到锚与土体之间复杂相互作用的影响,使得精确定位仍存在挑战.目前已有的塑性屈服面方法被广泛用于计算拖曳锚的运动特性,即假设整个拖曳过程为深埋板在不同深度的破坏过程.实际上,拖曳锚的安装是从浅埋到深埋的连续贯入,因此该方法不能考虑浅埋破坏对拖曳锚运动特性的影响,从而可能导致预测的轨迹不准确.通过有限元分析研究了锚板方位角及埋深比对单向承载和复合荷载下屈服面的影响,确定了锚板浅埋破坏时的屈服面,补充了塑性屈服面法对浅埋破坏效应的考虑;进一步地,考察了锚板方位角、承载系数、浅埋区域大小对拖曳锚轨迹预测和运动特性的影响,并与传统仅假设深埋破坏情况对比分析.结果表明:浅埋破坏时锚板方位角与浅埋区域大小决定了锚板的运动特性和轨迹;合理考虑浅埋破坏后,与纯假设深埋破坏情况比,锚板在达到稳定状态之前的预测埋深和锚链力要小,但极限嵌入深度一致.     

考虑航站楼扩增对中转旅客影响的登机口优化调度模型

机场新增卫星厅,在优化分配登机口的同时需要考虑最小化旅客行走时间该方面学术研究有限,充分考虑航站楼扩增对中转旅客的影响,建立综合的登机口优化调度的模型.设计无向图着色模型,提出基于禁色影响度的贪婪着色算法,设计内层深度模拟退火与外层浅层模拟退火相结合的双重退火优化算法,引入乘客换乘因素,考虑失败惩罚,提出基于社群联盟冲突消解原则的图着色优化算法,实现对模型的优化,得到最佳调度方案.     

A Markov decision algorithm for optimal inspections and revisions in a maintenance system with partial information

This paper deals with a gradually deteriorating equipment whose actual degree of deterioration can be revealed by inspections only. An inspection can be succeeded by a revision depending on the system's degree of deterioration. In the absence of inspections and revisions, the working condition of the system evolves according to a Markov chain whose changes of state are not observable with the possible exception of a breakdown. Examples of this model include production machines subject to stochastic breakdowns, and maintenance of communication systems. The cost structure of the model consists of inspection, revision and operating costs. It is intuitively reasonable that in many applications a simple control-limit rule will be optimal. Such a rule prescribes a revision only when inspection reveals that the degree of deterioration has exceeded some critical level. A special-purpose Markov decision algorithm operating on the class of control-limit rules is developed for the computation of an average cost optimal schedule of inspections and revisions.     

A general multiplier rule

A general multiplier rule which is an extension of the multiplier rule given by Hestenes is proved. This multiplier rule is applied to obtain the necessary conditions given by Neustadt for a solution to a canonical optimization problem which includes many optimal control problems as special cases.This research is part of a dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles. The author would like to express his appreciation to Dr. M. R. Hestenes for his guidance.     

Nonlinear Periodic Optimal Control: A Pseudospectral Fourier Approach

Abstract

A pseudospectral method for generating optimal trajectories of the class of periodic optimal control problems is proposed. The method consists of representing the solution of the periodic optimal control problem by an mth degree trigonometric interpolating polynomial, using Fourier nodes as grid points, and then discretizing the problem using the trapezoidal rule as the quadrature formula for smoothly differentiable periodic functions. The periodic optimal control problem is thereby transformed into an algebraic nonlinear programming problem. Due to its dynamic nature, the pseudospectral Fourier approach avoids many of the numerical difficulties typically encountered in solving standard periodic optimal control problems. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.     

Differences and correlations between the elastic characteristics of the compact bone tissue of the human tibia

Pair t tests have been carried out on experimental data indicating nonuniformity of the distribution of the elastic properties of the compact bone tissue over the cross section of the human tibia. The elastic characteristics obtained by nondestructive and destructive testing have been subjected to a linear correlation analysis. It is shown, with statistical reliability, that the compact bone tissue has a degree of anisotropy of the elastic properties higher than transverse isotropy.     

On a Constrained Optimal Rule for Classification with Unknown Prior Individual Group Membership

We describe a formal approach to constructing the optimal classification rule for classification analysis with unknown prior probabilities ofKmultivariate normal populations membership. This is done by suggesting a balanced design for the classification experiment and by constructing the optimal rule under the balanced design condition. The rule is characterized by a constrained minimization of total risk of misclassification; the constraint of the rule is constructed by a process of equalization among expected utilities ofKpopulation conditional densities. The efficacy of the suggested rule is examined through numerical studies. This indicates that dramatic gains in the accuracy of classification result can be achieved in the case where little is known about the relative population sizes.     

On numerical evaluation of double integrals of an analytic function of two complex variables

A seventh degree rule of the non-product type has been constructed for numerical evaluation of double integrals of an analytic function of two complex variables by choosing a set of 17 points from the set of 25 points needed in the product Birkhoff-Young rule of fifth degree. An asymptotic error estimate for this rule has been determined and the rule has been numerically tested.     

Classifier fusion in the Dempster-Shafer framework using optimized t-norm based combination rules

When combining classifiers in the Dempster-Shafer framework, Dempster’s rule is generally used. However, this rule assumes the classifiers to be independent. This paper investigates the use of other operators for combining non independent classifiers, including the cautious rule and, more generally, t-norm based rules with behavior ranging between Dempster’s rule and the cautious rule. Two strategies are investigated for learning an optimal combination scheme, based on a parameterized family of t-norms. The first one learns a single rule by minimizing an error criterion. The second strategy is a two-step procedure, in which groups of classifiers with similar outputs are first identified using a clustering algorithm. Then, within- and between-cluster rules are determined by minimizing an error criterion. Experiments with various synthetic and real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of both the single rule and two-step strategies. Overall, optimizing a single t-norm based rule yields better results than using a fixed rule, including Dempster’s rule, and the two-step strategy brings further improvements.     

Insights into two solution procedures for the single machine tardiness problem

This paper explores the well-known modified due date (MDD) rule for minimizing total tardiness on a single machine and shows that it has a decomposition structure. Based on this finding, we propose a decomposition heuristic and draw parallels to the famous optimal decomposition algorithm. We demonstrate that the MDD rule and the decomposition algorithm have striking similarities. We also discuss the key differences between these procedures. Finally, we present a sufficient condition under which the MDD rule is optimal and conclude the paper with some directions for future research.     

Optimal stock liquidation in a regime switching model with finite time horizon

This paper is concerned with a finite-horizon optimal selling rule. A set of geometric Brownian motions coupled by a finite-state Markov chain is used to characterize stock price movements. Given a fixed transaction fee, the optimal selling rule can be obtained by solving an optimal stopping problem. The corresponding value function is shown to be the unique viscosity solution to the associated HJB equations. Numerical solutions to these equations and their convergence are obtained. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the results.