Dosimetric investigations on radiation-induced Ag nanoparticles in a gel dosimeter

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Radiation-induced Ag° nanoparticles (NPs) in silver nitrate gel dosimeter incorporating various components was investigated in the dose range...     

Surface analytical investigations of leached potash-lime-silica glass

Summary The layers formed on surfaces of leached silicate glass with potassium and calcium oxides were investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry and nuclear reaction analysis. The results revealed a distinct influence of the corroding media on the leaching kinetics of the glasses. Details are discussed.

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Oberflächenanalytische Untersuchungen an ausgelaugtem Kalk-Kali-Silicatglas

     

XPS and SIMS investigations on plasma-treated glass surfaces

Commercially available float-glass samples were exposed to ion bombardment in an HF-plasma. This should form an SiO₂-rich layer close to the surface of the samples. From XPS-investigations it was found that treatment times between 2 and 4 min in Ar plasma lead to a pronounced depletion of alkalis. Further FAB-SIMS depth profiles gave additional information about the extension of the layers with altered stoichiometry.     

Dosimetric characteristics of different types of saccharides: An EPR and UV spectrometric study

The time stability and dose response of the free radicals produced in various types of “less-studied” mono- and disaccharides by γ-radiation is studied by EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) and UV spectrometry. The time evolution of the shape of the EPR spectra of irradiated saccharides is investigated from 5 min to 5 months after irradiation. The intensity of the stable EPR signal is studied as a function of the absorbed γ-dose in the range 0.5–20 kGy. Aqueous solutions of irradiated solid saccharides exhibit a UV absorption maximum in the range 250–290 nm. A linear dependency is found between the magnitude of the UV absorption maximum and the absorbed γ-dose. The time stability of the UV absorption maximum is also studied for every saccharide. The results are compared with those obtained for irradiated sucrose.     

UV spectrophotometric investigations of biologically active maleic anhydride copolymers

UV spectra and absorption coefficients of biologically active copolymers of maleic anhydride with carbohydrates, terpenes and 1,3-dioxane derivatives were measured. The quantitative relationships of absorbance vs concentrations of polymers were determined as well. The possibility of determining the copolymer contamination due to monomers and oligomeric compounds was shown.     

UV cross-linking of unmodified DNA on glass surfaces

The performance of DNA microarrays strongly depends on their surface properties. Furthermore, the immobilization method of the capture molecules is of importance for the efficiency of the microarray in terms of sensitivity and specificity. This work describes the immobilization of single-stranded capture oligonucleotides by UV cross-linking on silanated (amino and epoxy) glass surfaces. Thereby we used amino (NH₂) and poly thymine/poly cytosine modifications of the capture sequences as well as unmodified capture molecules. The results were compared to UV cross-linking of the same DNA oligonucleotides on unmodified glass surfaces. Immobilization and hybridization efficiency was demonstrated by fluorescence and enzyme-induced deposition of silver nanoparticles. We found out that single-stranded DNA molecules do not require a special modification to immobilize them by UV cross-linking on epoxy- or amino-modified glass surfaces. However, higher binding rates can be achieved when using amino-modified oligonucleotides on an epoxy surface. The limit of detection for the used settings was 5 pM.     

Impedance investigations on heat-stressed,pH-sensitive glass membranes

The behaviour of pH glass sensors is determined strongly by the kind and composition of glasses. For the heat stability, the kind and concentration of the alkaline oxide as modifier play an important role. It could be shown by potentiometric and impedimetric measurements that lithium oxide-containing glass membranes are much more stable than those with sodium oxide concerning the emf of the electrochemical cell. They tolerate several 5-h heat treatments at temperatures of 100°C. The impedance plots show differences in electrochemical kinetics between both glass membranes, which can be caused by different leaching due to differences in ionic radii of Li⁺ and Na⁺, respectively.     

Some investigations into the coating of glass open-tube columns

Summary The etching of soda glass by hydrogen chloride has been studied by determining the weight of sodium chloride per unit area on single and double statically-etched glass. The influence of three coating solvents on the critical surface tension of etched and unetched glass has been determined by measuring the contact angles of a wide range of stationary phases. The dynamic coating procedure has been critically examined and certain aspects which lead to the production of improved columns are explored.     

UV curing polymer materials for making laser glass

Epoxy acrylate was synthesized by reacting epoxy resin with acrylic acid in the presence of quaternary ammonium salt. The effects of photoinitiators on the curing rate have been studied. UV curing polymer materials for making laser glass have been selected. The laser glass thus manufactured is a new decorative building material. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electron spectroscopic investigations of CdS and CdTe electrochemically coated on glass

The electrodeposition of CdS and CdTe is investigated to improve the stoichiometric properties of CdS/CdTe layers on ITO-glass substrates for solar cell applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is utilized for the characterization of the CdS and CdTe layers. The influence of the electrodeposition potential, the pH and the thiosulfate concentration on the stoichiometry of CdS and CdTe layers are discussed.     

Electron spectroscopic investigations of CdS and CdTe electrochemically coated on glass

The electrodeposition of CdS and CdTe is investigated to improve the stoichiometric properties of CdS/CdTe layers on ITO-glass substrates for solar cell applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is utilized for the characterization of the CdS and CdTe layers. The influence of the electrodeposition potential, the pH and the thiosulfate concentration on the stoichiometry of CdS and CdTe layers are discussed.     

Facial solar UV exposure of Austrian farmers during occupation

Optoelectronic personal UV-meters were used to monitor the occupational facial solar erythemally effective exposure of 12 Austrian full-time farmers with high temporal resolution. To ensure high quality measurements several quality assurance procedures were applied, like calibration with respect to solar elevation and total ozone column. From April to October the test persons carried the UV-meters on the forehead during working hours. A digital diary (activity, location, weather, photoprotective measures) was completed on an hourly basis. Our field test produced 1427 complete daily records (measurement and diary). The total exposures showed high variability (77 –757 standard erythema dose [SED]) which correlates with the number of working days and even stronger with the little numbers of days with high exposure (>10 SED). Risk factors for high exposures were: mixed-culture farms with aggravated working conditions, low degree of automation of working processes, inadequate operating logistics (summarized as manual work outdoor), driving machines without cabins, and female gender. UV exposure of female farmers was approximately twice as high as that of men: Women received 15% of ambient radiation while men got 8%. Avoiding daily exposure >10 SED could reduce exposure down to 40% and the risk in developing skin cancer by a factor of 40.     

Colourimetric characterisation of disposable optical sensors from spectroradiometric measurements

Spectroradiometric measurements of reflectance and CIELAB hue-angle, were tested for K(I) determination using disposable optical sensors based on ion exchange mechanism. The linearisation of the sigmoidal response function, using a logistic regression, increases the linear range noticeably to 7.65 × 10⁻⁸–1.5 M and 1.22 × 10⁻⁷–1.5 M for CIELAB hue-angle and reflectance, respectively. The trueness of both procedures was demonstrated comparing it with results obtained by a DAD spectrophotometer used as a reference measurement procedure. The usefulness of the procedure was checked by analysing K(I) in different types of waters and beverages. Additionally, we studied the possible visual discrimination for the whole potassium range tested, obtaining the possibility of discriminating twelve groups of concentrations.     

Dielectric investigations of the N-SmB transition in a porous glass

Dielectric measurements in the frequency range 0.01 Hz to 10 MHz on a liquid crystal material with SmB/N dimorphism confined to randomly oriented and interconnected mesoporous (pore diameter 2-10 nm) and macroporous glasses (pore diameter 86 nm) were carried out. In the macroporous glasses the liquid crystal behaves similarly to the bulk phase, but the phase transition temperature SmB-N is suppressed. In the mesoporous glass the transition SmB-N is completely suppressed.     

Dielectric investigations of the N-SmB transition in a porous glass

Dielectric measurements in the frequency range 0.01 Hz to 10 MHz on a liquid crystal material with SmB/N dimorphism confined to randomly oriented and interconnected mesoporous (pore diameter 2-10 nm) and macroporous glasses (pore diameter 86 nm) were carried out. In the macroporous glasses the liquid crystal behaves similarly to the bulk phase, but the phase transition temperature SmB-N is suppressed. In the mesoporous glass the transition SmB-N is completely suppressed.     

X-ray reflectivity investigations of glass surfaces produced by float and draw techniques

Surfaces of soda-lime glass and borosilicate glass have been investigated by grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity (GIXR). Characteristic differences are obtained in dependence on the fabrication procedure, the composition and the cleaning procedure. Strong variation is recorded between the two soda-lime float glass surfaces while minor differences are analysed between the top and bottom side of borosilicate float glass. This is attributed to the reduced amount of tin diffused into the bottom side of the borosilicate glass surface. Different cleaning procedures generate characteristic changes on the glass surfaces which can be verified by GIXR. The results indicate that borosilicate float glass combines the merits of the good surface quality of float glass with the high chemical resistivity of borosilicate glass.Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h.c. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

Nonlinear UV laser photochemistry of oxygen-deficient centers in silica glass

The paper presents the results of studies into the effect of high-power UV laser radiation on silica glass with a high concentration of oxygen-deficient centers (ODC's) the type of SiGe and SiSi. Irradiation has been demonstrated to cause the destruction of ODC's and formation of E′ and H(II) paramagnetic defect centers as a result of a two-photon absorption process. The discussion covers the mechanisms of laser-induced and thermal post-irradiation reactions involved.     

Nature of DNA interactions with cations: UV Spectroscopic investigations and Marcus theory

This paper is devoted to the interpretation of DNA UDS caused by complexing DNA with Me ions using the correlation between the values of the spectral changes of the DNA absorption bands and the constants of reaction velocities of hydrated electrons with Me²⁺ and H₃O⁺ ions.     

扩展卟啉(hexaphyrins)及其金配合物结构与电子光谱的理论研究

采用HF、MP2方法和密度泛函理论BP86方法,对扩展卟啉(hexaphyrins)及2个Au+与之组成的双金属配合物的的几何结构、电子结构进行了理论研究,并采用TDDFT方法对2种体系的电子光谱等进行了计算.研究表明hexaphyrins与Au+配位使得体系出现了较为显著的电子相关效应,HF方法不适合该体系的研究,MP2方法和BP86方法给出了相近的几何结构.从简单的卟吩变化到扩展卟啉,体系结构的显著变化导致前线轨道的组成和能级也随之发生复杂的变化,因此很难用简单的四轨道模型对体系所有显著的电子跃迁给予明确的解释.由于Au+与hexaphyrins的配位对体系前线轨道的组成影响不大,因此对hexaphyrins-Au+紫外-可见光谱的计算和解析得到与hexaphyrins相似的结果.     

Temperature correction of UV spectral solar measurements for ICEPURE project

UV solar spectra have been measured, using a double-grating spectroradiometer, during population studies carried out across Europe for the EC Framework 7 funded ICEPURE project on the impact of climatic and environmental factors on personal UV radiation exposure and human health. Spectral field measurements have been conducted at ambient temperatures which varied between 11.5 and 33.5 °C. This temperature variation might affect instrument performance. The effect of ambient temperature was quantified and verified, and a model for temperature correction of spectral data is presented.