236U及其加速器质谱（AMS）测量

236U是一种长寿命放射性核素, 其半衰期为T_1/2=2.342(3)×107 a, 在自然界的含量极微, 天然铀中 236U/238U的原子比约为～10-14。 目前, 对于236U及其测量的研究报道较少。首先介绍了236U的产生, 并对地球中 236U的总量进行了估算。 概述了236U测定在亿年级中子注量率积分评估、 核环境和核活动监测, 以及地质学等领域中的重要应用。 最后,对国内外加速器质谱（AMS）测量236U的状况进行了综述,报道了中国原子能科学研究院AMS小组通过对同位素干扰鉴别的多方面研究, 初步建立了236UAMS测量方法。 236U is a longlived radionuclide with half life of 2.342(3)×107 a. The ratio of 236U/238U is about 10-14 in the natural Uranium. The origin and production of 236U in globe are introduced and estimated in this paper,respectively. The major applicationsion of 236U as a 100 million year neutron flux integrator,as a “fingerprint” for monitoring nuclear environment and nuclear activity,and as a tracer in geological studies are briefly summarized. The accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS) measurement of 236U in the world and the research on HI 13 tandem accelerator at China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE) is also mentioned in this paper.     

Frontier applications of electrostatic accelerators

Electrostatic accelerator is a powerflfl tool in many research fields, such as nuclear physics, radiation biology, material science a.rchaeology and earth sciences. Two electrostatic accelerators, one is the single stage Vail de Gi＇aaff with terminal voltage of 4.5 MV and another one is tile EN tamteIn with terminal voltage of 6 MV, were installed in 1980s and had been put into operation since the early 1990s at tile Institute of Heavy Ion Physics. Marly applications have been carried out since then. These two accelerators are described and summaries of the most important applications on neutron physics and technology, radiation biology and material science, as well as accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS） are presented.     

核物理研究新进展

本文介绍了国际核物理研究的趋势,核物理研究的前沿已从传统核物理转向亚核自由度变得重要的领域,讨论了在核结构、核反应、相对论性重离子碰撞、亚核自由度、放射性核束和核天体物理学等领域所获得的最新成果. It is presented the trend of the nuclear physics research in the world,the fron- tier of nuclear physics research has been moved from the traditional nuclear physics to the field in which the subnuclear freedoms become very important.New research results obtained in the fields of nuclear structures,nuclear reactions,relativistic heavy ion collisions, subnuclear freedoms,radioactive nuclear beams and nuclear astrophysics are discussed.     

300＃反应堆及其在核技术中的应用

３００~＃反应堆是一座池式研究用反应堆．本文介绍该堆的基本特性、堆上的一些实验装置及其性能;综述了在该堆上所做的中子物理、核物理、核化学和材料科学等方面的工作,以及某些中子辐照产品及其应用的概况． reactor is a pool type of research reactor. In this paper the basic featureof the reactor, and several experimental devices and their properties are introduced. It wassummarized that the experiment and study work is developed on the reactor, such as neutronand nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, material science, and a few irradiated products byneutron and their applications and so on.     

Sub-millikelvin station at Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility

The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is in charge of the construction of the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF) in Huairou, Beijing. The SECUF is a comprehensive facility focused on providing extreme physical conditions for scientific research, including an ultralow temperature, ultrahigh pressure, ultrahigh magnetic field, and ultrafast laser. The ultralow temperature will be realized by the sub-millikelvin(sub-mK) station, whose main component is an adiabatic nuclear demagnetization refrigerator(ANDR). The refrigerator is designed to have a base temperature below 1 mK and a magnetic field up to 16 T for experiments, as well as a characteristic parameter of B/T≥10~4 T/K.In this review, we introduce adiabatic nuclear demagnetization refrigeration, thermometry from 10 mK to sub-mK, the properties and parameters of the ANDR of the SECUF, and related prospective research topics.     

Brief Introduction to HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS is a science periodical focusing on specialized fields with its first issue published in 1977.It is sponsored by the Chinese Physical Society,and supported by the Institute of High Energy Physics and the Institute of Modern Physics,the Chinese Academy of Sciences.It is a monthly journal,distributed both at home and abroad. This journal publishes research papers on theories,experiments and applications in particle physics,nuclear and heavy ion physics,astrophysics and cosmology related to particles and nuclei,detectors and exprimental     

Selected topics of quantum computing for nuclear physics

Nuclear physics,whose underling theory is described by quantum gauge field coupled with matter,is fundamentally important and yet is formidably challenge for simulation with classical computers.Quantum computing provides a perhaps transformative approach for studying and understanding nuclear physics.With rapid scaling-up of quantum processors as well as advances on quantum algorithms,the digital quantum simulation approach for simulating quantum gauge fields and nuclear physics has gained lots of attention.In this review,we aim to summarize recent efforts on solving nuclear physics with quantum computers.We first discuss a formulation of nuclear physics in the language of quantum computing.In particular,we review how quantum gauge fields(both Abelian and non-Abelian)and their coupling to matter field can be mapped and studied on a quantum computer.We then introduce related quantum algorithms for solving static properties and real-time evolution for quantum systems,and show their applications for a broad range of problems in nuclear physics,including simulation of lattice gauge field,solving nucleon and nuclear structures,quantum advantage for simulating scattering in quantum field theory,non-equilibrium dynamics,and so on.Finally,a short outlook on future work is given.     

Technique Development and Application——Construction of a Beowulf Cluster for Parallel Computing

The large-scale computations are often performed in science and engineering areas such as numerical weather forecasting, astrophysics, energy resources exploration, nuclear weapon design, and plasma fusion research etc. Many applications in these areas need super computing power. The traditional mode of sequential processing cannot meet the demands of those computations, thus, parallel processing（PP） is the main way of high performance computing （HPC） now.     

高压条件下高能重离子辐照材料研究进展

高能重离子辐照处于高压条件下材料的研究,是随着高能重离子加速器技术的快速发展而出现的一个新的研究领域, 研究结果涉及材料学、 地质学、地质年代学、核废料处理学等学科。简要介绍最近几年国内外在高能重离子辐照高压条件下材料研究领域的研究现状及已取得的结果,并对未来在兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环（HIRFL CSR）上开展相关研究工作的前景作了展望。With development of high energy heavy ion accelerator, it is possible to perform heavy ion irradiation experiments of pressurized materials in diamond anvil cells(DACs). It is a new research field. The results expected from irradiation experiments under high pressure will have impacts on several scientific fields such as materials science,geo science,geochronology,and nuclear waste storage. In this paper, some of recent works in this field are presented and reviewed. Furthermore,the research plan of materials under high pressure based on HIRFL-CSR is introduced.     

Steady-state analysis of three-photon absorption spectra via density-matrix method in a three-coupled-quantum-well nanostructure

We numerically simulate three-photon absorption spectra in a three-coupled-quantum-well nanostructure interacting with a pump field,a coherent coupling field,and a probe field.We find that the three-photon absorption spectra can be dramatically influenced due to the intensities of the coupling field and pump field changing under the three-photon resonance condition.The effect of the frequency detuning of the pump field on the three-photon absorption spectra is also discussed.The study in our case is much more practical than the study in the case of its atomic counterpart in the sense of flexible design and the wide adjustable parameters.Thus it may open up some new possibilities for technological applications in optoelectronics and solid-state quantum information science.     

加速器质谱法测量41Ca及其应用研究

Ca在自然界中含量丰富，其长寿命放射性同位素^41Ca不仅是理想的生物医学示踪剂，同时在地质年代的测定、环境科学和核天体物理的实验研究等方面都有着非常重要的作用．加速器质谱法目前是测量^41Ca的理想方法．文章介绍了用加速器质谱测量^41Ca的方法，介绍了目前的国际研究现状和潜在的应用研究领域以及中国原子能科学研究院在加速器质谱测量^41Ca方面的研究情况。     

回旋加速器的应用

回旋加速器在核物理研究中发挥过重要的作用,现在和将来仍然是核物理研究领域的主要工具之一,随着核科学,核技术及核医学等高新技术的发展,回旋加速器在这些领域中的应用空间和发展前景已引起人们的关注,文章介绍了回旋加速器发展概况及其在核物理,核医学与核技术等领域的主要应用。     

The importance of stimulated gamma release fromisomers

The potential applications of the gamma-ray laser are discussed to illustrate the potential benefit of the development of this field of nuclear science, as well as the risks and responsibilities associated with isomer development beyond their current status as nuclear curiosities. The similarities and differences between the development of a gamma-ray laser based on nuclear isomers and the initial development of nuclear science and engineering are compared. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Nuclear tracks: present and future perspectives

Current research work related to the development of nuclear tracks comprising: (i) fundamental principles (nuclear track physics and chemistry, as well as development of track detectors and the relevant hard- and software), (ii) development of nuclear instruments and methods (etch track radiometers for ions, neutrons and cosmic rays, radon monitoring devices, radiography and fission track dating) is briefly outlined. The paper concentrates on a literature survey of applications of nuclear tracks in (iii) physical sciences (high-energy physics, nuclear physics and earth sciences), (iv) biomedical sciences (radiation protection, environment, cancer therapy), and (v) technological sciences (materials, nano-technology and nuclear technology).

Presently about 350 papers per year are being published in this field. Increased activity is noted in ion track technology (track-made membranes, modern nano-tech methodology including biological and biological-like samples, nano-electrode bio-electrochemistry, bio-magnetic assays and probes). New applications of nuclear tracks in fundamental (possibility of the detection of neutron quantum states in a gravitational field, nucleus–nucleus interactions, search for new chemical super-heavy elements) and applied science (precise measurements of the behaviour of radiation in human tissue in connection with of long term space missions and treatment of cancer) are surveyed, and possible research in the next decades is presented and examined in this review paper.     

Scientific opportunities in nuclear resonance spectroscopy from source-driven revolution

From the beginning of its discovery the Mössbauer effect has continued to be one of the most powerful tools with broad applications in diverse areas of science and technology. With the advent of synchrotron radiation sources such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS), the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and the Super Photon Ring-8 (SPring-8), the tool has enlarged its scope and delivered new capabilities. The popular techniques most generally used in the field of materials physics, chemical physics, geoscience, and biology are hyperfine spectroscopy via elastic nuclear forward scattering (NFS), vibrational spectroscopy via nuclear inelastic scattering (NRIXS), and, to a lesser extent, diffusional dynamics from quasielastic nuclear forward scattering (QNFS). As we look ahead, new storage rings with enhanced brilliance such as PETRA-III under construction at DESY, Hamburg, and PEP-III in its early design stage at SLAC, Stanford, will provide new and unique science opportunities. In the next two decades, x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), based both on self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE-XFELs) and a seed (SXFELs), with unique time structure, coherence and a five to six orders higher average brilliance will truly revolutionize nuclear resonance applications in a major way. This overview is intended to briefly address the unique radiation characteristics of new sources on the horizon and to provide a glimpse of scientific prospects and dreams in the nuclear resonance field from the new radiation sources. We anticipate an expanded nuclear resonance research activity with applications such as spin and phonon mapping of a single nanostructure and their assemblies, interfaces, and surfaces; spin dynamics; nonequilibrium dynamics; photochemical reactions; excited-state spectroscopy; and nonlinear phenomena.     

Four decades of nuclear tracks research in India

The science of solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs)—“Trackology”—developed by R.L. Fleischer, P.B. Price and R.M. Walker in the early 1960s of the last century is an interesting and potentially useful concept with something to offer to almost all branches of science and technology. In fact nuclear tracks find applications wherever solid state damage occurs. Apart from the direct applications of far reaching consequences in nuclear physics, other areas as diverse as bio-medical sciences, cosmic rays and space physics, environmental research, geological sciences, material science, microanalysis, mine safety, nuclear technology, uranium prospecting, etc. have been greatly influenced by SSNTDs.

In this presentation, we attempt to provide an overview of the growth of nuclear tracks research in India over the last four decades and the contributions of various groups from Universities, Institutes, Nuclear Track Society of India and the Department of Atomic Energy in nurturing nuclear track research in the country. Finally, a summary of the significant contributions made by Indian scientists is also presented in this paper along with the overall impact it has made at the national and international level in many areas of basic and applied sciences such as cosmic rays and space physics, fusion–fission and particle evaporation, heavy ion ranges and energy-loss measurements, country-wide indoor radon–thoron survey, geochronology, environmental sciences, track-etch membranes and ion tracks technology, material science, physics and chemistry of fission, etc.     

AMS在核物理与天体物理研究中的应用

加速器质谱学方法在核物理与天体物理研究中有重要应用.主要介绍了该方法在寻找泡利不相容原理的违背事例和超新星活动研究等工作中的应用. As an ultra high sensitive analyzing method, accelerator mass spectrometry is playing an important role in the studies of nuclear physics and astrophysics. In this article, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) applications in searching for violation of Pauli exclusion principle and study on supernovae are discussed as examples.     

~(36)Cl的加速器质谱测量及其应用

长寿命核素36Cl的半衰期为3.01×105a,广泛分布于自然界中。加速器质谱是目前测量36Cl的最灵敏的方法。介绍了36Cl的样品制备及加速器质谱测量方法,重点描述了基于小型化加速器质谱发展起来的测量36Cl的探测方法及其特点,综述了各实验室利用36Cl在相关领域开展的工作及所取得的成果。