共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 758 毫秒
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In this paper, the bistatic scattering coefficient from one- and two-dimensional random surfaces using the stationary phase method and scalar approximation with shadowing effect is investigated. Both of these approaches use the Kirchhoff integral. With the stationary phase, the bistatic cross section is formulated in terms of the surface height joint characteristic function where the shadowing effect is investigated. In the case of the scalar approximation, the scattering function is computed from the previous characteristic function and in terms of expected values for the integrations over the slopes, where the shadowing effect is analysed analytically. Both of these formulations are compared with experimental data obtained from a Gaussian one-dimensional randomly rough perfectly-conducting surface. With the stationary-phase method, the results are applied to a two-dimensional sea surface. 相似文献
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《Waves in Random and Complex Media》2013,23(2):119-147
Abstract In this paper, the bistatic scattering coefficient from one- and two-dimensional random surfaces using the stationary phase method and scalar approximation with shadowing effect is investigated. Both of these approaches use the Kirchhoff integral. With the stationary phase, the bistatic cross section is formulated in terms of the surface height joint characteristic function where the shadowing effect is investigated. In the case of the scalar approximation, the scattering function is computed from the previous characteristic function and in terms of expected values for the integrations over the slopes, where the shadowing effect is analysed analytically. Both of these formulations are compared with experimental data obtained from a Gaussian one-dimensional randomly rough perfectly-conducting surface. With the stationary-phase method, the results are applied to a two-dimensional sea surface. 相似文献
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针对随机起伏冰面的声散射计算问题,利用修正反射系数的Kirchhoff近似方法计算了高斯起伏冰面的三维声散射。在计算模型中引入了冰面局部统计平均反射系数的概念,将二维高斯起伏冰面的散射分为相干散射和非相干散射,分别得到两类散射成分的散射系数公式,计算了高斯起伏冰面三维声散射的散射强度。分析了散射强度与随机起伏冰面的均方根高度、声波入射角度及频率的关系。通过实验室水池中高斯起伏冰面的散射强度测量实验,对理论模型的计算结果进行了验证。将实验结果分别与采用冰面局部统计平均反射系数的模型计算结果和文献中采用平整冰面镜反射系数的模型计算结果进行了对比,采用冰面局部统计平均反射系数的模型计算结果与实验测量值吻合较好。 相似文献
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In this paper, the monostatic (transmitter and receiver are located at the same place) and bistatic (transmitter and receiver are distinct) statistical shadowing functions from an anisotropic two-dimensional randomly rough surface are presented. This parameter is especially important in the case of grazing angles for computing the bistatic scattering coefficient in optical and microwave frequencies. The objective of this paper is to extend the previous work (Bourlier C, Berginc G and Saillard J 2002 Waves Random Media 12 145-74), valid for a one-dimensional surface, to a two-dimensional anistropic surface by considering a joint Gaussian process of surface slopes and heights separating two points of the surface. The monostatic average (statistical shadowing function average over the statistical variables) shadowing function is then performed in polar coordinates with respect to the incidence angle, the azimuthal direction and the surface height two-dimensional autocorrelation function. In addition, for a bistatic configuration, it depends on the incidence angle and azimuthal direction of the receiver. For Gaussian and Lorentzian correlation profiles and practically important power-type spectra such as the Pierson-Moskowitz sea roughness spectrum, the numerical solution, obtained from generating the surface Gaussian elevations (Monte Carlo method), is compared with the uncorrelated and correlated models. The results show that the correlation underestimates the shadow slightly, whereas the uncorrelated results weakly overpredict the shadow and are close to the numerical solution. 相似文献
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采用Dobson半经验模型和电介质复介电常数表示土壤介电常数的实部和虚部,用指数型分布粗糙面和Monte Carlo方法模拟土壤表面,运用时域有限差分方法研究土壤表面与部分埋藏多个矩形截面混凝土柱复合模型的电磁散射.结果表明:复合散射系数随散射角振荡变化;土壤表面高度起伏均方根、土壤含水率、目标介电常数、入射角对复合散射系数影响较大;土壤表面相关长度、目标截面宽度、高度、间距、倾角对复合散射系数影响较小;目标埋藏深度对复合散射系数几乎没有影响.与其他数值计算方法比较,采用时域有限差分方法既可获得较高的准确性,又可减少计算时间和内存占用量.可以用来计算地、海粗糙面与附近任意多目标的复合散射. 相似文献
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In this paper, the backscattering coefficient of a two-dimensional randomly rough perfectly-conducting surface is investigated using the Kirchhoff approach with a shadowing function. The rough surface height/slope correlations assumed to be Gaussian are accounted for in this analysis. The scattering coefficient is then formulated in terms of a characteristic function for the integrations over the surface heights, in terms of expected values for the integrations over the surface slopes. Numerical comparisons of Kirchhoff's approach (KA) with the stationary-phase (SP) approximation are made with respect to the choice of the one-dimensional surface height autocorrelation function and the shadowing effect. For an isotropic surface the results show that SP underestimated the incoherent backscattering coefficient compared with KA. Moreover, when the correlation between the slopes and the heights is neglected, the shadowing effect may be ignored. 相似文献
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Previous analyses of electromagnetic scattering from a two-scale ocean surface assumed the tilts on a large-scale surface to be small. This means that multiple scattering between large-scale roughnesses is insignificant. If the tilts are not small, multipath-enhanced backscattering may occur due to quasi-specular reflections between the opposite slopes of a large-scale surface component. We have considered the simplest situation; this involves one reflection from the large-scale component and one single-scattering from the small-scale component. The coherent addition of this process to the reciprocally reverse one creates multipath-enhanced backscattering. The relative gain in the HH backscattering cross section up to the level of the VV signal was obtained for surface-wave slopes of about 30° and for large incidence angles. This gain occurs because the VV signal experiences an extinction during reflection at incident angles close to the pseudo-Brewster angle. The presented model provides insight into one scattering mechanism that is possibly responsible for the departure of radar sea experimental data from predictions by the conventional two-scale model. 相似文献
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《Waves in Random and Complex Media》2013,23(2):91-118
Abstract In this paper, the backscattering coefficient of a two-dimensional randomly rough perfectly-conducting surface is investigated using the Kirchhoff approach with a shadowing function. The rough surface height/slope correlations assumed to be Gaussian are accounted for in this analysis. The scattering coefficient is then formulated in terms of a characteristic function for the integrations over the surface heights, in terms of expected values for the integrations over the surface slopes. Numerical comparisons of Kirchhoff's approach (KA) with the stationary-phase (SP) approximation are made with respect to the choice of the one-dimensional surface height autocorrelation function and the shadowing effect. For an isotropic surface the results show that SP underestimated the incoherent backscattering coefficient compared with KA. Moreover, when the correlation between the slopes and the heights is neglected, the shadowing effect may be ignored. 相似文献
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M.R. Ismail 《Applied Acoustics》2005,66(2):123-147
A simple model for predicting the sound reflected from a building façade is developed based upon the assumption that the scattering coefficient is small. This model is then used as the basis of an experimental attempt to measure the scattering properties of scale model façades featuring a similar degree of surface irregularity to that found on real buildings. A series of measurements made on a simple scale model are described and the effect of a non-uniform distribution of façade scattering is examined. The measured value of the scattering coefficient is found to be small and not very sensitive to the degree of surface irregularity. A progression of energy from a specular reflection field to a diffuse reflection field for successive orders of reflections is observed. It is suggested that the dominant mechanism of sound propagation for higher order reflections is via random scattering and that the development of propagation models based upon purely random scattering is a valid approach. 相似文献
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The measurement errors of dispersions of sea surface slopes using spacecraft lidar were analyzed. The errors caused by deviations of the actual wave field from the Gaussian isotropic surface were considered. It is revealed that the unaccounted deviations of slope distributions from the Gaussian distribution lead to a systematic underestimation of the calculated slope dispersion by approximately 11–14%. In addition, it is revealed that the anisotropy of slopes during their dispersion calculation using the data of vertical laser sensing from space vehicle can be neglected. 相似文献
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研究激光光束海面反射光强的方向分布特性对海上光电对抗等领域的工程实践具有重要意义.本文采用分形方法模拟粗糙海面,并在海面基准坐标系中建立起描述粗糙海面几何特征的数学方程,然后基于蒙特卡罗方法模拟高斯光束,依据几何光学原理在基准坐标系下推导了高斯光束的海面反射模型,采用该模型可以编程计算激光光束海面反射光强的方向分布.将模拟计算结果与实验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明该模型可以较好地反映激光光束海面反射光强的分布趋势,验证了模型的有效性. 相似文献
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《中国物理快报》2017,(9)
The existence of the sea surface is bound to affect the electromagnetic(EM) scattering from marine targets. When dealing with the composite scattering from targets over a sea surface by applying high-frequency EM theories,the total scattering field can be decomposed into three parts in low sea states, namely, the direct scattering from the sea surface, the direct scattering from targets and the coupling scattering between the sea surface and targets. With regard to high sea states, breaking waves make the direct scattering from the sea surface and the coupling scattering more complicated. To solve this issue, a scattering model is proposed to analyze the composite scattering from a ship over a rough sea surface under high sea states. To consider the effect of breaking waves,a three dimensional geometric model is adopted together with Ufimtsev's theory of edge waves for the scattering from a breaker. In addition, the coupling scattering between targets and breaking waves is taken into account by considering all possible scattering paths. The simulated results indicate that the influence of breaking waves on the scattering field from the sea surface and on the coupling field is non-negligible, and the numerical results also show the effectiveness of the proposed scattering model. 相似文献
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Sohn RA Vernon F Hildebrand JA Webb SC 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2000,107(6):3073-3083
Six sonic booms, generated by F-4 aircraft under steady flight at a range of altitudes (610-6100 m) and Mach numbers (1.07-1.26), were measured just above the air/sea interface, and at five depths in the water column. The measurements were made with a vertical hydrophone array suspended from a small spar buoy at the sea surface, and telemetered to a nearby research vessel. The sonic boom pressure amplitude decays exponentially with depth, and the signal fades into the ambient noise field by 30-50 m, depending on the strength of the boom at the sea surface. Low-frequency components of the boom waveform penetrate significantly deeper than high frequencies. Frequencies greater than 20 Hz are difficult to observe at depths greater than about 10 m. Underwater sonic boom pressure measurements exhibit excellent agreement with predictions from analytical theory, despite the assumption of a flat air/sea interface. Significant scattering of the sonic boom signal by the rough ocean surface is not detected. Real ocean conditions appear to exert a negligible effect on the penetration of sonic booms into the ocean unless steady vehicle speeds exceed Mach 3, when the boom incidence angle is sufficient to cause scattering on realistic open ocean surfaces. 相似文献
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传统计算海面电磁散射的方法都是通过求集平均的方法来统计得到不同输入参数下海面总回波系数的均值曲线,并不需要具体的几何样本.随着合成孔径雷达以及雷达成像的发展,为了充分描述海面各点的分布特征,需要得到海面具体面元的散射结果,同时随着海面上方风速的增大,海面泡沫层的出现会对散射结果产生相当大的影响.本文采用海面模型面元化的思想,将海面散射的贡献面元化,同时考虑泡沫层对大入射角下散射结果的影响,计算了不同风速下海面的后向散射系数,并与实测数据做对比分析,验证了方法的准确性. 相似文献
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运用微扰法研究平面波入射分层介质粗糙面的光波透射问题,推出了不同极化状态的透射光波散射系数公式。采用高斯粗糙面来模拟实际的分层介质粗糙面,结合高斯粗糙面的功率谱导出了平面波入射高斯分层介质粗糙面的透射系数计算公式。通过数值计算得到HH极化透射系数随透射光波散射角变化的曲线,讨论底层介质介电常数、中间介质介电常数和厚度、粗糙面参数及入射光波长对透射系数的影响。数值计算结果表明:底层介质介电常数、中间介质介电常数和厚度、粗糙面参数及入射光波长对透射系数的影响是非常复杂的。 相似文献