氢化物发生-多接收杯电感耦合等离子体质谱同位素稀释法测定硒同位素

使用改进的巯基棉分离流程和74 硒-77 硒双稀释剂, 在氢化物(HG)-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)实现了高精度硒同位素组成的测定.巯基棉用于分离样品基质中的硒, 随后使用HNO3 H2O2消除干扰的有机质, 74 硒-77 硒双稀释剂校正样品分离和质谱测定过程中的硒同位素质量分馏.硒标准溶液NIST SRM3149和MH495几个月的测定表明,该方法的外精度为0.1‰(2σ),样品的外精度为0.15 ‰～0.2‰(2σ).以TCF分离硒的平均回收率85%计算, 最小硒需要量为20 ng. 实验结果以相对于NIST SRM3149的δ82/76 Se表达, δ82/76MH495/SRM3149＝-3.44±0.1‰(2σ), 优于已发表的数据δ82/76MH495/SRM3149＝-3.04±0.5‰.测定样品的δ82/76SRM3149为-13.53 ‰～11.37‰,为硒同位素在环境、农业、生命和地球科学中的拓展应用与发展奠定了基础.     

同位素稀释碰撞室多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱测定鱼中痕量硒

采用六极杆碰撞室多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱（MC-ICP-MS）和同位素稀释技术,通过对碰撞气的使用、硒氢的校正、质量偏移的校正、基体效应、样品前处理等方面的研究,建立了鱼肉中痕量硒的同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱（ID-MC-ICP-MS）准确测量方法.进而使用该方法参加了国际计量委员会物质量咨询委员会组织的国家化学计量研究院之间的比对（CCQM-P39.1 ＆ CCQM-K43）,对比对样品鲑鱼中的痕量硒进行了测量,测量结果是7.38±0.22（μmol/kg） ,与该样品的标准值7.32±0.28（μmol/kg） 符合很好,验证了本方法的可靠性和准确性.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定硼同位素丰度

以硼同位素标准物质NIST SRM 951配制标准溶液,在优化的仪器操作条件下对电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定的硼同位素质量进行校正,求出校正因子,确定了样品的线性浓度范围,选定样品浓度为1.1 mg/L。在同样的仪器条件下首先测定了硼标准物质的硼同位素丰度比,测量误差为0.2%,然后测定了硼同位素浓缩过程中硼样品的硼同位素丰度比,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.1%。此外考察了仪器的稳定性。实验结果表明本方法“记忆效应”小,结果可靠,测量精度高。     

一体化碰撞反应(iCRC)-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地质样品中痕量稀土元素

钡以及轻稀土元素氧化物对中、重稀土元素的干扰一直是质谱测试中存在的问题。建立了石墨粉垫底碳酸钠-硼酸混合熔剂熔融前处理样品,以103 Rh为内标校正,一体化碰撞反应-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地质样品中稀土元素含量的方法。探讨了碳酸钠-硼酸混合熔剂熔融前处理样品注意事项、碰撞模式下碰撞气流量和离子透镜的参数优化、干扰校正实验等问题,采用国家标准物质GBW07403、GBW07405、GBW07427、GBW07429验证,实验结果表明,各元素线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限在0.01～0.03mg/kg,相对误差为0.13%～7.1%,相对标准偏差为0.79%～6.6%,测定结果与标准值相吻合。对实际样品分析,得到平滑的球粒陨石归一化的稀土元素配分曲线,证明测定结果是合理可信的。方法熔剂用量少,过程空白低,对器皿的侵蚀小,直接加热浸取,简化了操作过程,适用于大批量地质样品中稀土元素的测定。     

一体化碰撞反应 (iCRC)-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量稀土元素

钡以及轻稀土元素氧化物对中、重稀土元素的干扰一直是质谱测试中存在的问题。建立了石墨粉垫底碳酸钠-硼酸混合熔剂熔融前处理样品,以_¹⁰³Rh为内标校正,一体化碰撞反应-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪法测定地质样品中稀土元素含量的方法。探讨了碳酸钠-硼酸混合熔剂熔融前处理样品注意事项、碰撞模式下碰撞气流量和离子透镜的参数的优化、干扰校正试验等问题,采用国家标准物质GBW07403、GBW07405、GBW07427、GBW07429验证,实验结果表明,各元素线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限在0.01～0.03mg/kg之间,相对误差为0.13%～7.1%,相对标准偏差为0.79%～6.59%,测试结果与标准值相吻合。对实际样品分析,得到平滑的球粒陨石归一化的稀土元素配分曲线,证明测定结果是合理可信的。该方法熔剂用量少,过程空白低,对器皿的侵蚀小,直接加热浸取,简化了操作过程,适用于大批量地质样品中稀土元素的测定。     

微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定地球化学样品中的碘

建立微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定地球化学样品中的碘。样品采用10%氨水微波消解,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行测定,跳峰扫描,发射及射频功率分别为1 200 W、1 250 W,单元素积分时间为1.5 s,雾化气流量为1.02 L/min。碘的质量浓度在0.00～300 μg/L范围内与质谱峰强度线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.999 8,检出限为0.012 μg/g。采用所建方法对标准物质GBW 07405、GBW 07407、GBW 07451、GBW 07389、GBW 07309、GBW 07311进行测定,相对误差为0.31%～1.96%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.53%～5.41%(n=12)。该方法样品处理过程简便、高效,适用于批量地球化学样品中碘的测定。     

双气流路-激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱测定铅同位素比值

采用双气流路校正-激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了地质样品中Pb同位素比值,并通过201Hg和指数法则分别校正分析过程中的同量异位素干扰和质量偏移。实验结果表明,采用双气流校正系统可明显提高Pb信号强度,且当干、湿气溶胶流速比为1时铅的信号强度最大。将该方法用于地质标准物质NIST610和BCR-2G测定,分析结果与参考值符合,相对标准偏差RSD在1%以内(n=8)。     

均匀试验设计电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定N36锆合金中微量钠元素含量

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定N36锆合金中微量钠元素含量的分析方法。对样品溶解方法、观测方式、谱线选择、基体效应干扰等对实验的影响进行了讨论。采用均匀试验设计法确定了最佳的等离子体发生器功率、等离子气流量、辅助气流量、雾化气流量。实验结果表明,锆基体对测定结果有较大影响。在本实验中,采用基体匹配消除干扰,在均匀试验设计优化的仪器测定参数下,使用N36锆合金样品对本方法的精密度与准确度进行验证,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)＜5%,加标回收率在95%~105%之间。所建立的方法快捷、简便、准确,满足核用N36锆合金中微量钠元素的分析要求。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定Ti50Si合金中的钛元素

研究了ICP-AES测定Ti50Si合金中钛含量的方法。采用氢氟酸、硝酸溶解试样,优化了射频发生器(RF)功率、雾化压力、辅助气流量以及泵速等仪器参数,通过实验分析了溶液酸度、分析谱线的影响,确定了最佳实验条件。测定了2份Ti50Si样品,相对标准偏差小于0.64%(n=11),与硫酸高铁铵滴定法测定结果一致,证明了方法有较高的准确度和实用性。     

电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP-AES)法测定Ti50Si合金中的钛元素

研究了ICP-AES测定Ti50Si合金中钛含量的方法。采用氢氟酸、硝酸溶解试样,优化了射频发生器(RF)功率、雾化压力、辅助气流量以及泵速等仪器参数,通过实验分析了溶液酸度、分析谱线的影响,确定了最佳试验条件。采用此方法测定了2份Ti50Si样品,相对标准偏差小于0.64%(n=11),与硫酸高铁铵滴定法测定结果一致,证明了该方法有较高的准确度和实用性。     

绝对质谱法测量钐同位素丰度

使用高浓缩同位素的^152Sm和^154Sm配制不同丰度的Sm基准溶液,对多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱（MC-ICPMS）的系统偏差进行校准,求出^154Sm／^152Sm的平均校准系数。采用指数函数式推算出其它同位素比的校准系数。对天然样品的测量结果进行校正,并与表面热电离质谱的测量结果进行了比较,主同位素对的丰度比误差小于0．03％。实验结果表明,MC-ICPMS测量的影响因素多,系统偏差较大,但是通过校正可以获得与表面热电离质谱一致的测量结果。通过实验,建立了MC-ICPMS的同位素丰度绝对测量方法。     

Mass spectrometry of long-lived radionuclides

The capability of determining element concentrations at the trace and ultratrace level and isotope ratios is a main feature of inorganic mass spectrometry. The precise and accurate determination of isotope ratios of long-lived natural and artificial radionuclides is required, e.g. for their environmental monitoring and health control, for studying radionuclide migration, for age dating, for determining isotope ratios of radiogenic elements in the nuclear industry, for quality assurance and determination of the burn-up of fuel material in a nuclear power plant, for reprocessing plants, nuclear material accounting and radioactive waste control. Inorganic mass spectrometry, especially inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as the most important inorganic mass spectrometric technique today, possesses excellent sensitivity, precision and good accuracy for isotope ratio measurements and practically no restriction with respect to the ionization potential of the element investigated—therefore, thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), which has been used as the dominant analytical technique for precise isotope ratio measurements of long-lived radionuclides for many decades, is being replaced increasingly by ICP-MS. In the last few years instrumental progress in improving figures of merit for the determination of isotope ratio measurements of long-lived radionuclides in ICP-MS has been achieved by the application of a multiple ion collector device (MC-ICP-MS) and the introduction of the collision cell interface in order to dissociate disturbing argon-based molecular ions, to reduce the kinetic energy of ions and neutralize the disturbing noble gas ions (e.g. of ¹²⁹Xe⁺ for the determination of ¹²⁹I). The review describes the state of the art and the progress of different inorganic mass spectrometric techniques such as ICP-MS, laser ablation ICP-MS vs. TIMS, glow discharge mass spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, resonance ionization mass spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry for the determination of long-lived radionuclides in quite different materials.     

同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱(ID-ICP-MS)测定植物与人发标准物质中的铅

建立了同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱(ID-ICP-MS)测定铅的方法.考察和讨论了仪器参数对同位素比值测定的影响,优化了仪器的数据采样参数.利用内标Tl对质量歧视、系统漂移进行了校正.讨论了同位素浓缩剂加入量对最终浓度测定值的不确定度的影响.将该方法应用于植物标准物质和人发标准物质的测定,结果令人满意.     

Copper determination using ICP-MS with hexapole collision cell

Determination of copper using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) suffers from polyatomic overlays originating from Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ matrix elements due to the formation of ⁴⁰Ar²³Na⁺ and ⁴⁰Ar²⁵Mg⁺ in the mass-to-charge ratios of 63 and 65, respectively. The collision/reaction cell technology belongs to the most modern methods used to overcome polyatomic interferences. Gas-filled collision/reaction cell can cause an additional mass bias effect influencing analytical precision of the method. In this study, the additional mass bias effect of the hexapole collision/reaction cell ICP-MS was studied on an example of n(⁶⁵Cu)/n(⁶³Cu) isotope ratio. As a result, a method for suppressing polyatomic interference on the mass-to-charge ratio of 63 and 65 was introduced and additional mass bias of the collision/reaction cell was lowered to an acceptable level.     

Polynomial mass bias functions for the internal standardization of isotope ratio measurements by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The development and application of a calibration strategy for routine isotope ratio analysis by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is described and assessed. Internal standardization was used to account for the mass dependant determinate error (mass bias). The general solution for polynomial isotope ratio mass bias functions for use with internal standardization and isotope ratio measurements by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was derived. The resulting linear isotope ratio mass bias function was demonstrated to be mathematically consistent and experimentally realistic for the analysis of acidified aqueous solutions of analyte and internal standard elements (clean solutions) by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定黄沙土壤中铅同位素比

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ＩＣＰ—ＭＳ）测定了５个黄沙原土样品中铅同位素比２０７Ｐｂ／２０６Ｐｂ、２０８Ｐｂ／２０６Ｐｂ，样品来自被认为是黄沙气溶胶源地区，为了使铅同位素测量中质量偏差和漂移减至最少，在样品中加入了铊标准溶液，测量２０５Ｔｌ／２０３Ｔｌ比，校正质量数差别选择的影响．同时，采用ＩＣＰ—ＭＳ和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ一ＡｌＳ）测定了随粒径变化样品中１２种元素浓度的变化．     

土壤及蔬菜中微量汞的同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱测定

建立了微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱同位素稀释(ID/ICP-MS)测定微量汞的方法。考察了仪器参数及测量条件对汞同位素比值RHg(202Hg/200Hg)测量的影响,根据同位素比值测量误差的传递因子优化了富集同位素稀释剂(202Hg98%)的加入量,并以铊同位素比值(205Tl/203Tl)作为RHg(202Hg/200Hg)测量时发生质量歧视效应的校正因子;通过反同位素稀释法标定了富集汞同位素稀释剂的浓度。利用所建立的ID/ICP-MS方法测定了杨树叶(GBW07604)和湖积物(GBW07423)2种标准参考物中汞的含量,回收率分别为112%和100%。该方法具有准确度高、精密度好等优点,且样品前处理简便,适用于土壤及蔬菜等样品中微量及痕量汞的准确测定。     

Internal correction of spectral interferences and mass bias for selenium metabolism studies using enriched stable isotopes in combination with multiple linear regression

The analytical methodology for the in vivo study of selenium metabolism using two enriched selenium isotopes has been modified, allowing for the internal correction of spectral interferences and mass bias both for total selenium and speciation analysis. The method is based on the combination of an already described dual-isotope procedure with a new data treatment strategy based on multiple linear regression. A metabolic enriched isotope (⁷⁷Se) is given orally to the test subject and a second isotope (⁷⁴Se) is employed for quantification. In our approach, all possible polyatomic interferences occurring in the measurement of the isotope composition of selenium by collision cell quadrupole ICP-MS are taken into account and their relative contribution calculated by multiple linear regression after minimisation of the residuals. As a result, all spectral interferences and mass bias are corrected internally allowing the fast and independent quantification of natural abundance selenium (^natSe) and enriched ⁷⁷Se. In this sense, the calculation of the tracer/tracee ratio in each sample is straightforward. The method has been applied to study the time-related tissue incorporation of ⁷⁷Se in male Wistar rats while maintaining the ^natSe steady-state conditions. Additionally, metabolically relevant information such as selenoprotein synthesis and selenium elimination in urine could be studied using the proposed methodology. In this case, serum proteins were separated by affinity chromatography while reverse phase was employed for urine metabolites. In both cases, ⁷⁴Se was used as a post-column isotope dilution spike. The application of multiple linear regression to the whole chromatogram allowed us to calculate the contribution of bromine hydride, selenium hydride, argon polyatomics and mass bias on the observed selenium isotope patterns. By minimising the square sum of residuals for the whole chromatogram, internal correction of spectral interferences and mass bias could be accomplished. As a result, the tracer/tracee ratio could be calculated for each selenium-containing species and a time relationship for synthesis and degradation established. Both selenite and selenized yeast labelled with ⁷⁷Se were employed for comparative purposes.     

Isotope pattern deconvolution as a tool to study iron metabolism in plants

Isotope pattern deconvolution is a mathematical technique for isolating distinct isotope signatures from mixtures of natural abundance and enriched tracers. In iron metabolism studies measurement of all four isotopes of the element by high-resolution multicollector or collision cell ICP–MS allows the determination of the tracer/tracee ratio with simultaneous internal mass bias correction and lower uncertainties. This technique was applied here for the first time to study iron uptake by cucumber plants using ⁵⁷Fe-enriched iron chelates of the o,o and o,p isomers of ethylenediaminedi(o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (EDDHA) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Samples of root, stem, leaves, and xylem sap, after exposure of the cucumber plants to the mentioned ⁵⁷Fe chelates, were collected, dried, and digested using nitric acid. The isotopic composition of iron in the samples was measured by ICP–MS using a high-resolution multicollector instrument. Mass bias correction was computed using both a natural abundance iron standard and by internal correction using isotope pattern deconvolution. It was observed that, for plants with low ⁵⁷Fe enrichment, isotope pattern deconvolution provided lower tracer/tracee ratio uncertainties than the traditional method applying external mass bias correction. The total amount of the element in the plants was determined by isotope dilution analysis, using a collision cell quadrupole ICP–MS instrument, after addition of ⁵⁷Fe or natural abundance Fe in a known amount which depended on the isotopic composition of the sample.