共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Chirag Patel Vishwanada Sastry Datta Madamwar 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1996,56(1):89-94
To obtain enriched methane content and improve the anaerobic digestion of a mixture of cattle dung, poultry waste, and cheese
whey, the effect of various doses of Tegoprens: T-3012, T-3022, T-5842, T-5843, T-5851, T-5852 has been studied, in bench-scale
digesters. Among them, Tegoprens 3022 showed more than a 45% increase in gas production with higher methane content. 相似文献
2.
This paper describes the results of a study aimed at improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of salty cheese whey
in combination with poultry waste or cattle dung. Best results were obtained when salty cheese whey was mixed with poultry
waste in the ratio of 7:3, or cattle dung in the ratio of 1:1, both on dry weight basis giving maximum gas production of 1.2
L/L of digester/d with enriched methane content of 64% and 1.3 L/L of digester/d having methane content of 63% respectively.
Various conditions such as temperature and retention time have been optimized for maximum process performance. 相似文献
3.
At the end of fermentation, wine contains approximately 20% (w/v) of solid material, known as grape marc (GM), produced at a yield of 2 t/ha. Cheese manufacture produces cheese whey (CW), which is over 80% of the processed milk, per unit volume. Both waste types represent an important fraction of the organic waste being disposed of by the wine and dairy industries. The objective of this study was to investigate the bioenergy potential through anaerobic codigestion of these waste streams. The best bioenergy profile was obtained from the digestion setups of mixing ratio 3/1 GM/CW (wet weight/wet weight). At this ratio, the inhibitory salinity of CW was sufficiently diluted, resulting in 23.73% conversion of the organic material to methane. On average, 64 days of steady bioenergy productivity was achieved, reaching a maximum of 85 ± 0.4% CH4 purity with a maximum cumulative methane yield of 24.4 ± 0.11 L CH4 kg−1 VS. During the fermentation there was 18.63% CODt removal, 21.18% reduction of conductivity whilst salinity rose by 36.19%. It can be concluded that wine and dairy industries could utilise these waste streams for enhanced treatment and energy recovery, thereby developing a circular economy. 相似文献
4.
Water hyacinth was subjected to various thermochemical pretreatments and used as a substrate in anaerobic digestion for biomethanation.
Results indicate that the pretreatment increased the solubility of biomass and improved gas production. Best results were
obtained when water hyacinth was treated at pH 11.00 and temperature 121‡C. Severe treatment conditions showed a negative
effect, especially on methanogenic bacteria caused by toxic compounds produced during treatment. 相似文献
5.
A 25-L working volume, upright cylindrical fermenter made of stainless steel was used to investigate cheese whey yeast fermentation
for pollution potential reduction. The effluent total and soluble chemical oxygen demand, total and volatile solids, and total
Kjeldahl and ammonium nitrogen concentrations were significantly affected by the hydraulic retention time, air flow rate,
and mixing speed. The system removal efficiencies were 15.90-58.61%, 25.20-69.33%, 12.43-49.90%, 9.22-51.77%, 1.66-10.06%,
and 54.82-72.22% for total chemical oxygen demand, soluble chemical oxygen demand, total solids, volatile solids, total Kjeldahl
nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen, respectively, depending on the hydraulic retention time, air flow rate, and mixing speed
used. 相似文献
6.
The two-stage immobilized microbe waste processor designed for sewage treatment by Messing has been modified to process poultry
manure.
The Messing reactor of 120-mL volume was modified and scaled up to a 4-L volume.
Three different carrier materials have been investigated. Temperatures for each of the two stages were examined, and residence
time as well as feed concentration were explored.
Analytical data has been computer analyzed using multiple variable correlations and the results of this analysis have indicated
directions for optimization. 相似文献
7.
Candida pseudotropicalis ATCC 8619 was selected among nine strains of lactose fermenting yeast for the production of ethanol from cheese whey. The
effects of three nutrients (ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate K2HPO4, yeast extract, and a combination of them) on the ethanol yield from cheese whey were investigated. The results indicated
that no addition of nutrient supplement is necessary to achieve complete lactose utilization during the cheese whey ethanol
fermentation. However, addition of a small concentration (0.005% w/v) of these supplements reduced the lag period and the
total fermentation time and increased the specific growth rate of the yeast. Higher concentrations (0.01 and 0.015% w/v) of
ammonium sulfate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate inhibited the cell growth and reduced lactose consumption. The highest
ethanol (21.17 g/L) was achieved using yeast extract at a concentration of 0.01% w/v, given a conversion efficiency of 98.3%.
No indication of alcohol inhibition was observed in this study. 相似文献
8.
Teodoro Espinosa-Solares John Bombardiere Mark Chatfield Max Domaschko Michael Easter David A. Stafford Saul Castillo-Angeles Nehemias Castellanos-Hernandez 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2006,132(1-3):959-968
Intensive poultry production generates over 100,000 t of litter annually in West Virginia and 9×106 t nationwide. Current available technological alternatives based on thermophilic anaerobic digestion for residuals treatment
are diverse. A modification of the typical continuous stirred tank reactor is a promising process being relatively stable
and owing to its capability to manage considerable amounts of residuals at low operational cost. A 40-m3 pilot plant digester was used for performance evaluation considering energy input and methane production. Results suggest
some changes to the pilot plant configuration are necessary to reduce power consumption although maximizing biodigester performance. 相似文献
9.
This article reports on lamp fouling during on-line ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of cheese whey. The extent of fouling as
well as the composition of fouling materials was studied after the operation of three tubular UV reactors of different flow
thicknesses (18, 13, and 6 mm) for 48 h at a 2-h residence time. Lamp fouling, which significantly affected the sterilization
efficiency, was realized after an extended period of operation. The extent of lamp fouling increased with a decrease in the
thickness of the flowing cheese whey (14.42, 15.31, and 25.25 g for 18-, 13-, and 6-mm thickness, respectively). A strong
relationship between the extent of fouling and the steady-state outlet temperature was observed. The rouling material contained
63.51 to 77.19% protein, 12.57 to 16.49% fat and 6.51 to 9.47% minerals on dry weight bases compared with 1% protein, 0.5%
fat, and 0.4% minerals in raw cheese whey. The organic and inorganic material concentrations in the fouling material increased
with a decrease in the flow thickness. The fouling mechanism was owing to adsorption and direction exchange, which were enhanced
by the high temperature and low pH attained in the study. Improved designs of UV reactors in which the contact between the
flowing material and the quartz surface should be developed. 相似文献
10.
Kinetics of biomethanation of solid tannery waste and the concept of interactive metabolic control 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anaerobic digestion of calf skin collagenous waste was optimized for a batch process based on accelerated maximal methane
yield per gram of input volatile solid. A kinetic analysis with respect to changes in the levels of volatile solid, collagen,
amino sugars, amino acids, hydroxyproline, ammonium ions, and volatile fatty acid were followed for a period of 80 d. Distinct
metabolic phases included an initial high rate collagenolysis for 4 d, with 50% degradation and was followed by an acidogenic
phase between 4–12 d with voltatile fatty acids levels increasing to 215 mmol/L. Subsequently methanogenesis ensued and was
maximal between 12–24 d when volatile fatty acids attained steady state levels. During the period of 80 d, the overall decrease
in volatile solid level was 65%, whereas the collagen level declined by 85% with 0.45 L of methane yield/g of volatile solid
degraded. Based on the levels of various metabolites detected, the concept of interactive metabolic control earlier proposed
has been validated. 相似文献
11.
A rapid and accurate method to identify bovine and ewe milk adulteration of fresh water buffalo mozzarella cheese by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) is described. The differentiation among mozzarella made from water buffalo milk and from mixtures of less expensive bovine and, more recently, ewe milk with water buffalo milk is achieved using whey proteins, alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulins as molecular markers. It is worth noting that the method proposed here is, to our knowledge, the first strategy able to characterize possible fraudulent additions of ewe milk in samples of water buffalo milk devoted to the production of water buffalo mozzarella cheese. In addition, a linear relationship was found between the relative response of the molecular ion and the abundance of the analysed whey proteins. This demonstrates that this approach can be used to determine the amount of bovine or ovine milk added to water buffalo milk employed for mozzarella cheese production. Furthermore, this method also appears suitable for the analysis of ewe cheese. Hence these findings open the way to a new field for mass spectrometry in the evaluation of possible fraudulence in dairy industry production. 相似文献
12.
Lactobacillus bulgaricus was immobilized in the shell side of an industrial hollow-fiber ultrafiltration module. Acid whey permeate, containing 46
g/L lactose supplemented with 10 g/L yeast extract, was pumped through the tube side at dilution rates of 0.2–2.5/h. At a
cell concentration of 100 g/L, productivity was 1.5–5 g lactic acid/L/h. 相似文献
13.
A two-stage, no-mix anaerobic digester of 145 L capacity was used to investigate the effect of controlling the pH of the methanogenic
stage on the biogas production and the pollution potential reduction of acid cheese whey. The digester was operated at a 15-d
hydraulic retention time, and a temperature of 35°C. Controlling the pH of the methanogenic stage increased the biogas production
rate and methane yield by 77.77 and 289.00%, respectively. Reductions of up to 32.19, 44.44, and 35.86% in the COD, solids
and nitrogen were achieved. 相似文献
14.
Nhlanganiso Ivan Madondo Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh Sudesh Rathilal Babatunde Femi Bakare 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(11)
This study examined the application of an electromagnetic field to anaerobic digestion by using an electromagnetic system (ES), a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), and a control with no external force. The experimental work was performed by carrying out biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests using 1 L biodigesters. The bioelectrochemical digesters were supplied with 0.4 V for 30 days at 40 °C. The electromagnetic field of the ES was generated by coiling copper wire to form a solenoid in the BMP system, whereas the MEC consisted of zinc and copper electrodes inside the BMP system. The best performing system was the MEC, with a yield of 292.6 mL CH4/g chemical oxygen demand removed (CODremoved), methane content of 86%, a maximum current density of 23.3 mA/m2, a coulombic efficiency of 110.4%, and an electrical conductivity of 180 µS/cm. Above 75% removal of total suspended solids (TSS), total organic carbon (TOC), phosphate, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was also recorded. However, a longer exposure (>8 days) to higher magnetic intensity (6.24 mT) on the ES reduced its overall performance. In terms of energy, the MEC produced the greatest annual energy profit (327.0 ZAR/kWh or 23.36 USD/kWh). The application of an electromagnetic field in anaerobic digestion, especially a MEC, has the potential to maximize the methane production and the degradability of the wastewater organic content. 相似文献
15.
Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh Gloria Amo-Duodu Sudesh Rathilal 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(21)
Digestate is characterized by high water content, and in the water and wastewater treatment settings, necessitates both large storage capacities and a high cost of disposal. By seeding digestate with four magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), this study aimed to recover biogas and boost its methane potential anaerobically. This was carried out via biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests with five 1 L bioreactors, with a working volume of 80% and 20% head space. These were operated under anaerobic conditions at a temperature 40 °C for a 30 d incubation period. The SEM/EDX results revealed that the morphological surface area of the digestate with the MNPs increased as compared to its raw state. Comparatively, the degree of degradation of the bioreactors with MNPs resulted in over 75% decontamination (COD, color, and turbidity) as compared to the control system result of 60% without MNPs. The highest biogas production (400 mL/day) and methane yield (100% CH4) was attained with 2 g of Fe2O4-TiO2 MNPs as compared to the control biogas production (350 mL/day) and methane yield (65% CH4). Economically, the highest energy balance achieved was estimated as 320.49 ZAR/kWh, or 22.89 USD/kWh in annual energy savings for this same system. These findings demonstrate that digestate seeded with MNPs has great potential to improve decontamination efficiency, biogas production and circular economy in wastewater management. 相似文献
16.
R. M. Ben-Hassan A. E. Ghaly N. Ben-Abdallah 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1992,33(2):97-116
The fermentation of lactose byKluyveromyces fragilis is an exothermic reaction in which heat is released, resulting in a rise in reactor temperature. A heat balance was performed
on a 5-L batch reactor used for single cell protein (SCP) production to determine the portions of cheese whey lactose used
for energy and growth. On the average, about 88% of lactose was used for growth, and 12% was used for energy. The lactose
consumed during the lag and stationary phases was used mostly for cell endogenous growth and respiration, whereas that consumed
during the exponential growth phase was used for cell multiplication and energy. The heat released varied from 6.5 to 8.9
kJ/g cell. Because of the proper design of the fermenter, the temperature of the medium did not rise above 33°C; thus, no
cooling system was needed. 相似文献
17.
Operating costs for the production of Baker’s yeast from hydrolyzed permeate from the ultrafiltration of cottage cheese whey
were calculated as a function of the level of lactose conversion in the immobilized lactase reactor. These costs were calculated
for the case of 90% conversion of lactose in the reactor and compared to those that result when running the reactor at lower
conversions with recycle of unreacted lactose. Total operating costs were estimated by combining individual operating costs
for the immobilized enzyme reactor, costs associated with processing a lactose recycle stream, and energy costs associated
with cooling the reactor feed stream and sterilizing the hydrolysate stream. It was determined that operating costs are minimized
at about 9.9 ¢/lb. of lactose when the reactor is run at approx. 72% conversion. This represents a savings of 2.4 ¢/lb. of
lactose over the case of a once-through 90% conversion of lactose in the reactor. 相似文献
18.
Rivard C. J. Himmel M. E. Vinzant T. B. Adney W. S. Wyman C. E. Grohmann K. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1989,(1):461-478
Economic evaluations of the capital costs for anaerobic digestion systems for gas production show that the reactor is a significant
cost component. The successful application of high solids digestion of processed MSW (e.g., greater than 10% solids within
the digester) would allow a decrease in reactor volume with maintenance of relatively high gas production rates. However,
high solids slurries do not mix well in conventional stirred tank reactors. A horizontal shaft, hydraulically driven reactor
was designed and fabricated to test the anaerobic digestion of high solids concentrations. Digester performance was evaluated
as a function of experimental parameters such as nutrient requirements, feeding rates, pH control, and agitator design/ rotation
speed; horsepower of mixing was also evaluated for the reactor. Several startup protocols were examined to obtain a biologically
stable anaerobic fermentation at high solids levels. 相似文献