矢势A的边值关系

文献中[1]-[5]都讨论了矢势A的边值关系.但文献[1]、[3]只论及稳恒情况,文献[4]对非稳恒情况略有涉及却很不明显,也未作普遍讨论,文献[5]对非稳恒情况的讨论也只限于时谐场.本文指出,对于任意时变场,A(x,t)的边值关系可表为或 简单论证如下 首先,由一般关系×A=B,得将此式用于界面附近的一个矩形回路,注意到B处处有限,就有 其次若采用洛伦兹规范,则有[6]由此得,将此式用于界面附近小圆柱,并注意到μ,ε,有限,当λ,φ,φ/φt等有限时,即有.若采用库仑规范,则因·A=0,上式显然成立,合并(3a),(3b)即得(1)式。 为了得出(2)式,用一般关系得这…     

速度函数v(t)与时间变量t的定义域分析

1 问题的提出 质点运动学中,变加速直线运动条件下速度大小的求解是重要内容之一.由于速度在物体运动过程中是时间t的函数,求解时往往先通过求其运动方程x=x(t),再由运动方程x(t)对时间t求导,得出任一时刻的速度v(t).v=v(t)是时间t的函数,在t≥0的时域内v(t)有定义.但在某些特殊情况下,求得的速度v(t)会产生与实际物理现象不符的情况,给初学者造成误解.如一长为5 m的梯子,顶端斜靠在竖直的墙面上,设t=0时,顶端离地面4 m,当顶端以2 m/s的速度沿墙面匀速下滑时.求在t=3 s时,下端的速度[1].     

偶氮苯衍生物的全息光存储和双折射特性研究

对6-(4-((4-(十八烷氧基-)苯基)二氮烯基)苯氧基)-1-己醇(E-1-ol)的光致变色、双折射和全息光存储特性进行了研究.以488 nm的氩离子(Ar+)激光为抽运光,632.8 nm 的氦氖(He-Ne)激光为探测光,研究了透射信号强度随时间的变化关系;在10 mW～160 mW的范围内,研究了透射信号强度的最大值随抽运光功率的变化;经计算,在各抽运光功率下,获得的光致双折射值(δn)达10-2量级,最大激光功率下,获得的δn为2.8×10-2.对透射信号强度随时间的变化曲线进行了理论拟合,得出曲线的上升和下降符合双指数增长和衰减,时间响应常量分别是:上升阶段:t1=4.8 s,t2=85.8 s;下降阶段:t1=1.9 s,t2=27.6 s.用等强度s偏振的两束Ar+激光为写入光, He-Ne光为读出光,研究了衍射信号强度随时间的变化及写入光功率改变时,衍射信号强度最大值与写入光功率的变化关系;对衍射信号强度随时间变化的动力学过程进行了理论拟合,得出光栅生长和衰减也有快和慢两个过程,光栅生长时间响应常量为:t1=3.9 s,t2=33.9 s,光栅衰减时间响应常量为 t1=1.8 s,t2=60.1 s.     

在“汽车以恒定功率行驶”教学中应注意的一个问题

题目:(2009年高考上海题)质量为m=5×103kg的汽车在t=0时刻速度v0=10 m/s,随后以P=6×104W的额定功率沿平直公路继续前进,经t＝72s达到最大速度.设汽车受恒定的阻力,其大小为f=2.5×103N.求: (1)汽车的最大速度vm; (2)汽车在72s内经过的路程s.解析:(1)当达到最大速度时     

关于动态位错场张量势的规范变换

本文引入并论证了描述动态位错场的张量势(A与B)的规范交换问题,而且证明这种变换可采取这样的形式:B′=B+▽F, A′=A-ρ?/(?t)▽G,x′=x-ρ?/(?t)F,其中x_i=e_iklA_kl。至于F与G,则为带有很大任意性的时空坐标的矢量函数,但它们要满足以下关系式:F=▽×G,▽²F-1/G_t²-(?²/?t²)F=0.进 关键词：     

方波激励下的一阶RC响应的简捷解析

通过简易的数学方法,比较直观地解析描述了RC电路在周期为T、幅值为U m和占空比为δ的方波电压u激励下的电容器C上的响应电压u c的变化情况,得出u c在u的上升沿和下降沿上的值将分别单调连续地收敛于U m(1-A 1)A 2/(1-A 1 A 2)和U m(1-A 1)/(1-A 1 A 2),其中A 1=e-Tδ/(RC)和A 2=e-T(1-δ)/(RC).同时也对各参数之间的关系进行了分析探讨.所得结论不但有助于理解和分析方波激励下的一阶RC暂态过程的实验现象,也有助于改善实验设计时对参数的选择.     

单晶LiNbO3:Mn2+的ESR谱研究

用室温电子自旋共振(ESR)实验研究单晶LiNbO3中Mn2+的精细结构和超精细结构.对ESR谱的分析得出,零磁场的能级分裂数值:自旋角动量能级|±1/2>与|±3/2>之间的间隔为△ε1=-587×10-4cm-1,而|±3/2>与|±5/2>之间的能级间隔为△ε2=-2633×10-4cm-1;其各向异性朗德因子g//=2.1810,g⊥=2.0937;精细结构常数D=-536×10-4cm-1;超精细结构常数A//=88.36×10-4cm-1,A⊥=81.20×10-4cm-1,即精细结构相互作用要比超精细结构相互作用大得多.另外,特别值得提到的是实验中还发现两组明显的禁戒跃迁,|-3/2> |1/2>和|-1/2> |5/2>.     

高效液相色谱法测定复方丹参滴丸中的丹参酮ⅡA

建立了测定丹参酮ⅡA含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法.方法采用Eclipse Plus C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为70％的乙腈水溶液,流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长268nm,柱温为室温,进样量为20μL.丹参酮ⅡA在1.65×10-4-1.0g·L-1范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.9984),检出限为5.7×10-5g· L-1.所建立的方法简单、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于制剂中丹参酮ⅡA含量的测定.     

偶氮苯衍生物的全息光存储和双折射特性研究

对6-（4-（（4-（十八烷氧基-）苯基）二氮烯基）苯氧基）-1-己醇（E-1-ol）的光致变色、双折射和全息光存储特性进行了研究.以488 nm的氩离子（Ar+）激光为抽运光,632.8 nm 的氦氖（He-Ne）激光为探测光,研究了透射信号强度随时间的变化关系;在10 mW~160 mW的范围内,研究了透射信号强度的最大值随抽运光功率的变化;经计算,在各抽运光功率下,获得的光致双折射值（δn）达10－2量级,最大激光功率下,获得的δn为2.8×10－2.对透射信号强度随时间的变化曲线进行了理论拟合,得出曲线的上升和下降符合双指数增长和衰减,时间响应常量分别是：上升阶段：t1=4.8 s,t2=85.8 s;下降阶段：t1=1.9 s,t2=27.6 s.用等强度s偏振的两束Ar+激光为写入光, He-Ne光为读出光,研究了衍射信号强度随时间的变化及写入光功率改变时,衍射信号强度最大值与写入光功率的变化关系;对衍射信号强度随时间变化的动力学过程进行了理论拟合,得出光栅生长和衰减也有快和慢两个过程,光栅生长时间响应常量为：t1=3.9 s,t2=33.9 s,光栅衰减时间响应常量为 t1=1.8 s,t2=60.1 s.     

光学玻璃的热光常数W与温度和波长的关系

研究了光学玻璃的热光常数与温度和波长的关系.结果表明:热光常数W值随温度上升而线性增加,可用方程式W_(λt)=W_(λ0) θt表示;随着波长(从短波到长波)增大,热光常数W值下降,可用多项式W_λ~2=A_0 A_1λ~2 A_2λ~(-2) A~3λ(-4) …表示.利用上述公式可以计算光学玻璃室温至转变温度范围内任意温度及可见光谱区内任意波长处的热光常数W值.     

Experimental investigation of muon-catalyzed t + t fusion

The muon-catalyzed fusion (μCF) process in tritium was studied by the μCF collaboration on the muon beam of the JINR Phasotron. The measurements were carried out with a liquid tritium target at the temperature 22 K and density approximately 1.25 of the liquid hydrogen density (LHD). Parameters of the μCF cycle were determined: the ttμ muonic molecule formation rate λ _ttμ = 2.84(0.32) μs⁻¹, the ttμ fusion reaction rate λ _f = 15.6(2.0) μs⁻¹, and the probability of muon sticking to helium ω _tt = 13.9(1.5)%. The results agree with those obtained earlier by other groups, but better accuracy was achieved due to our unique experimental method. The article is published in the original.     

Measurement of the mass difference between t and t quarks

We present a direct measurement of the mass difference between t and t quarks using tt candidate events in the lepton+jets channel, collected with the CDF II detector at Fermilab's 1.96 TeV Tevatron pp Collider. We make an event by event estimate of the mass difference to construct templates for top quark pair signal events and background events. The resulting mass difference distribution of data is compared to templates of signals and background using a maximum likelihood fit. From a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.6 fb(-1), we measure a mass difference, ΔM(top) = M(t) - M(t) = -3.3 ± 1.4(stat) ± 1.0(syst) GeV/c2, approximately 2 standard deviations away from the CPT hypothesis of zero mass difference.     

A constraint from B decay on models with no t quark

We show that if the b quark is assigned to a singlet representation of the weak interaction SU(2) symmetry and if it decays through the usual weak bosons W^± and Z⁰, then neutral current decays occur at such a rate that Λ(B→X?⁺?^?)/Λ(B→X?⁺ν)?0.12, even allowing arbitrarily many quarks with which the b can mix. We discuss the manner in which the experimental exlusion of this inequality would constrain the possibilities for t-free models.     

A study of 't Hooft and Wilson loops

An investigation is undertaken for 't Hooft loop operators in four-dimensional gauge theories. For the first time, a perimeter law is shown to be their behavior in weak coupling Wilson lattice (and continuum) non-abelian SU(N) gauge theories for all N. However, it is also argued that this perimeter law is poor criterion for quark confinement. Rather, it is suggested that non-leading long-distance behavior is what is crucial and relevant in distinguishing non-abelian from abelian (and hence confining from non-confining) theories. A new object, “the 't Hooft line”, is introduced to measure this non-leading behavior and is computed in strong coupling on the lattice. There, one finds magnetic screening characterized by a magnetic screening mass, m_s. It is shown to all orders in strong coupling that m_s is the glueball mass, a result which is expected to persist in weak coupling and in the continuum. Two further consequences of this work are that pure non-abelian gauge theories cannot be in a Higgs phase and that in such models that absence of massless physical particles implies confinement.Finally, non-leading behavior in Wilson loops is examined. The present picture of confinement suggests the absence of van der Waals forces in Yang-Mills theories.     

6He中t+t结构的实验研究

在25MeV/u ⁶He轰击⁹Be靶的反应中,用探测器望远镜测得氚碎片,得到了5个角度的能谱,经过仔细的分析取得了高能直接破碎成分的角分布.利用Serber模型进行了破碎反应的理论计算,证实了实验中高能成分的t来自于⁶He的直接破碎反应.利用Fermi破碎模型计算了⁶He中各破碎反应道基于相空间的百分比产额,进而估算出⁶He初态中t+t结构的概率约占1/3, 而⁴He核心加价中子的组态约占2/3.     

Phase Diagram of the Two-dimensional t–t′ Falicov-Kimball Model

The ground-state phase diagram of the two-dimensional Falicov-Kimball model with nearest-neighbour and next-nearest-neighbour hoppings has been studied in the perturbative regime where hoppings are small compared with the on-site Coulomb interaction. The phase diagram at fourth-order exhibits a richer structure than the one of the ordinary Falicov-Kimball model. PACS numbers: 71.10.Fd, 71.21.+a, 75.10.Hk, 75.30.Kz     

Is (3He,t) primarily A (3He,α) (α,t) reaction?

The reaction ⁴⁸Ca(³He, t)⁴⁸Sc to the low-lying even spin states has been studied as a pure sequential (³He, α) (α,t) process using an exact finite-range formalism. It is found that the strength of the cross-sections to these states is under-predicted by large factors. The consideration of second-order processes via the inelastic channels also fails to account for the strength of these states. The (³He, t) discrepancy still exists.     

A study of the Ti(He, t) and Ni(He, t) reactions to isobaric analogue states

The (³He, t) reaction populating 0⁺ and 2⁺ states in ^{58, 60}Cu and ^{46, 48}V which are isobaric analogue states (IAS) of the 0⁺ ground states and 2⁺ first excited states in ^{58, 60}Ni and ^{46, 48}Ti have been studied at an incident ³He energy of 24.6 MeV. Triton spectra were measured for the targets ^46,48Ti, ^natNi and ⁵⁸Ni and angular distributions for the 0⁺ and 2⁺ IAS of ^{46, 48}Ti and ^{58, 60}Ni determined. The data were obtained using a magnetic spectrometer and position-sensitive detectors. The results have been analysed using DWBA theory. The 0⁺ → 0⁺ transitions to analogue states are described quite well using a microscopic form factor derived from a nucleon-nucleon interaction. However, with a Gaussian form, the m.s. radius of this interaction is only limited to the region 0–9 fm². Comparisons with data at other incident energies indicate that the strength of the effective interaction is strongly energy dependent. The Coulomb energies and (³He, t) angular distributions of the states assigned as the 2⁺ analogues in ⁴⁸V and ^58,60Cu are not described well by the models investigated. The ⁴⁶V 2⁺ IAS angular distribution is reproduced by a microscopic calculation, however. The ratios of the 0⁺ → 2⁺ IAS to the 0⁺ → 0⁺ IAS transitions are used to deduce a quadrupole deformation for the valence neutrons. The difference in the quadrupole deformations of the matter and proton distributions, as determined by other means, is found to be correlated with those of the valence neutrons. Several transitions to non-analogue states are also investigated.     

Integrabilität,Irreversibilität und Kosmogonie

Integrability, Irreversibility, and Cosmogony Leading the famous discussion with Boltzmann on the foundation of statistical thermodynamics Zermelo was backed by Planck himself. Zermelo's objections to Boltzmann's atomism and Boltzmann's answers are again vital today. After all Boltzmann founded statistical thermodynamics cosmogonically.     

权重梯形网络等效电阻的研究

权重梯形网络是梯形网络的推广,上、中、下3层各级电阻为等比级数.由电阻的串、并联性质,得到了这个网络N阶等效电阻的递推关系式及计算程序.当权重系数相等时,给出了无穷权重梯形网络等效电阻的解析表达式.