金属表面非相干线结构光条纹中心提取方法

采用线结构光法测量金属表面形貌时,由于受到金属表面光学特性和散斑噪声的影响,条纹中心的提取误差往往较大。为此,提出了一种非相干线结构光形貌测量方法,避免了散斑噪声的影响。通过分析该方法测量金属表面形貌时的条纹图像特点,提出一种适合非相干线结构光条纹的中心提取方法。该方法首先采用结合积分图像原理的自适应阈值分割算法,对原条纹图像进行分割。采用灰度重心法粗提取原条纹中心坐标,以该坐标为基准向条纹宽度方向延伸,从而确定阈值分割后条纹图的感兴趣区和背景区,并去除背景区的噪声。经中值滤波后,采用几何中心法提取条纹中心。实验结果表明：采用该方法提取粗糙度样块表面非相干光条纹中心的平均误差为1.5μm,提取齿轮渐开线样板表面非相干光条纹中心的平均误差为0.9μm,均比其线激光条纹中心的提取误差小。所提方法能实现金属表面非相干线结构光条纹中心的精确提取。     

散斑条纹的快速高精度处理技术

本文提出一种快速高精度散斑杨氏条纹(斑纹)场处理方法——同态阀值滤波法。用它实现了散斑场条纹的快速、逐点连续高精度处理。     

基于特征约束的谱线自动提取

已有的谱线自动提取方法均采用整体阈值约束或局部阈值约束进行谱线识别,因而谱线提取结果中普遍存在谱线遗失或伪谱线过多的缺点。文章在谱线识别时加入了2个特征约束,第1个特征约束是： 谱线线心的强度必须大于局部阈值和整体下阈值,并且如果某一点的强度大于整体上阈值,则可认为在该点存在谱线;第2个特征约束是： 谱线的起始波长和终止波长处的强度必须小于谱线线心的强度。这2个特征约束使得该文的谱线提取效果较之已有方法有显著的提高。通过实验对该文方法和已有的方法进行了比较,实验结果充分体现了该文方法的优势。     

基于非线性偏微分方程的灰度图像骨架线提取方法

基于变分法提出用于计算灰度图像梯度矢量场的非线性偏微分控制方程,利用图像梯度矢量场的拓扑性,可实现骨架线的提取。该方法的主要优点是它的简单性,可直接应用于灰度图像,不需要任何的分割处理。把提出的方法应用于牛顿环干涉条纹中,并与广泛使用的分块二值化细化算法和极值跟踪法进行了比较,实验结果表明了本方法的良好性能。     

电子散斑干涉条纹骨架线提取的新方法

电子散斑干涉条纹的强噪声特性使其信噪比过低，常用的图像二值化、细化等算法对散斑干涉条纹的骨架提取都存在一定的不足，文章在对散斑条纹图像平滑去噪、对比度增强的预处理基础上，对其进行边缘提取、填充、细化，从而得到干涉条纹的中心骨架线，提出一种基于MATLAB的散班图像自动处理算法。结果表明：文中提出的干涉条纹的细化方法可以准确地找到骨架线，为获得面内位移场的等位移线图提供了一种新方法。     

光条纹中心的实时快速提取

在光电检测系统中,光条纹中心的准确、快速提取是保证系统精度和实时性的必要条件。采用大规模并行算法和串行流水技术,提出了一种基于Steger算法的串并结合的处理结构。该方法在比原算法节省大量逻辑资源的同时,光条纹中心提取速度得到了大大的提升。给出了基于FPGA的实现方法,提取精度达到了亚像素级。     

条纹管激光成像雷达条纹图像噪音分析与处理

从条纹管激光成像雷达的结构和成像原理出发,讨论了各种噪音来源、噪音特点、影响因素、对最终图像的贡献大小和抑制方法.通过条纹管激光成像雷达阶梯目标扫描成像实验结果分析,噪音源理论分析得到了验证.结合条纹图像处理的特殊目的,通过对比几种边界保持类平滑滤波算法,得出K近邻平滑均值滤波器具有更低的时间复杂度和空间复杂度和更好的滤噪效果,当取N=7,K=25时,可以在允许的处理时间内极大地提高条纹图像信噪比,然后,利用阈值算法有效滤除了背景噪音,最终成功地从复杂的噪音中提取到了条纹数据.这项工作为后续的目标像重构奠定了基础,并指出了下一步工作的方向和重点.     

基于小波变换条纹修补和条纹自相似性的干涉条纹极值提取

提出了基于小波变换的条纹修补方法和利用干涉条纹自相似性的条纹灰度极值自动判读方法.基于小波变换的条纹修补方法包括滤除噪音、多尺度小波变换、模极大值检测滤除奇异区域、近似信号自动修补,在此基础上进行多项式拟合,首先实现最外层条纹灰度极值的自动提取.基于干涉条纹自相似性的条纹灰度极值自动判读方法是通过逐渐平移拟合区域,准确地提取了内层条纹的灰度极值位置,从而可以处理整幅图片的干涉条纹.此方法的特点是自适应、无需人为设定参量、处理速度快.实验结果表明,该方法有很好的可靠性和准确性,并且处理区域大、用时少,仅需对图片扫描一次即可提取全部条纹的灰度极值.     

动态干涉条纹相位提取的抗干扰算法

为减小在动态干涉条纹的相位提取中噪声带来的计数误差,研究了在希尔伯特变换相位提取的基础上,利用反正切相位跳变特性,通过软件实现可逆计数的抗干扰算法。通过模拟实验对算法的抗干扰性能进行了验证,实验结果表明：所提出的相位提取算法具有较强的抗干扰性能,在信噪比为11时,算法仍然能得到正确的结果。     

基于神经网络特征线提取的飞机位姿识别方法研究

为实现复杂情况下的飞机位姿识别,提出了基于神经网络特征线提取的位姿识别新方法。该方法利用3D模型进行图像渲染,通过添加背景形成数据集,为提高算法鲁棒性进行了数据集增强。特征线提取模型采用卷积神经网络提取目标深度特征,利用热力图获取飞机特征线。结合飞机特征线、飞机3D模型以及n线透视方法解算目标位姿。该方法建立的飞机特征线提取模型,在复杂背景下准确率约为91%。叠加了各类噪声后,准确率为84%。飞机位姿通过EPnL算法与非线性优化进行求解。在目标背景复杂的情况下,实验得到的平均预测角度误差约为0.57°,平均预测平移误差约为0.47%。图像叠加各类噪声后,得到的平均预测角度误差约为2.11°,平均预测平移误差约为0.93%。提出的飞机位姿识别方法在复杂背景、各类噪声影响下可以较精准地预测飞机位姿,应用场景更加广泛。     

Fringe skeletonizing using an improved derivative sign binary method

A modified derivative sign binary method is proposed to extract fringe skeletons from interferometric fringe patterns. A fringe direction map ranging from 0° to 360° is obtained with an unambiguous relationship between the grayscale and fringe tangent direction. Using this approach, the derivative sign binary map is detected without a fringe direction jump. The dark (light) fringe intensity minimum (maximum) can be extracted automatically to define fringe skeletons. In addition, two different anisotropic one-dimensional filters are described that can be used for further improving the fringe quality. Examples are provided for a holographic interferogram and a Moiré fringe pattern to illustrate applications and benefits of the approach.     

基于希尔伯特变换的干涉条纹相位解调新算法

提出了一种新的应用希尔伯特变换解调干涉条纹相位的算法,可以从单幅干涉条纹图中解调出全场相位分布.在实际应用中,常借助傅里叶变换实现希尔伯特变换算法,但是会忽略负频率成分,造成相位信息的丢失.对于相位分布非单调变化的干涉条纹,提出了一种判断函数,用来计算相位信息零频率点的分布.利用相位的零频率点分布构造了一个二元模板,使用该模板对本文提出的两次希尔伯特变换法产生的包裹相位图进行修正.对修正后的包裹相位图进行解包裹处理,可以得到连续的全场相位分布.对该方法用计算机模拟进行了验证.     

Determination of skeleton and sign map for phase obtaining from a single ESPI image

A robust method of determining the sign map and skeletons for ESPI images is introduced in this paper. ESPI images have high speckle noise which makes it difficult to obtain the fringe information, especially from a single image. To overcome the effects of high speckle noise, local directional computing windows are designed according to the fringe directions. Then by calculating the gradients from the filtered image in directional windows, sign map and good skeletons can be determined robustly. Based on the sign map, single image phase-extracting methods such as quadrature transform can be improved. And based on skeletons, fringe phases can be obtained directly by normalization methods. Experiments show that this new method is robust and effective for extracting phase from a single ESPI fringe image.     

小尺寸物体三维面形高精度测量

采用变形光栅条纹囹样直接分析的方法对小尺寸物体面形实现高精度测量.研制了一台小型的三维表面轮廓测试仪,测量范围(30×30)mm²,精度20μm,初步用于人类牙齿表面三维测量.最后提出了存在的问题和改进方向.     

Lens distortion elimination for improving measurement accuracy of fringe projection profilometry

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is a powerful method for three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement. However, the measurement accuracy of the existing FPP is often hindered by the distortion of the lens used in FPP. In this paper, a simple and efficient method is presented to overcome this problem. First, the FPP system is calibrated as a stereovision system. Then, the camera lens distortion is eliminated by correcting the captured images. For the projector lens distortion, distorted fringe patterns are generated according to the lens distortion model. With these distorted fringe patterns, the projector can project undistorted fringe patterns, which means that the projector lens distortion is eliminated. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully eliminate the lens distortions of FPP and therefore improves its measurement accuracy.     

Measuring velocity of speckle fields with digital speckle pattern interferometry

We investigate a digital method for detecting the velocity of a diffusing object. The technique is based on Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry (DSPI). A set of reference fringes is generated externally through the reference beam in a digital interferometer. As the object moves, subsequent frames are acquired and subtracted according to the normal DSPI procedure and stored. By means of the theory of first order speckle statistics applied to speckle intensity correlation, we relate the visibility variations in the reference fringes with the object velocity. Thus, by measuring the fringe visibility variation in the resulting DSPI stored frames the mean object velocity can be obtained. The theoretical results are experimentally verified.     

A simple method for phase wraps elimination or reduction in spatial fringe patterns

In this paper, we propose a simple method for processing a 2D wrapped phase map that contains a spatial carrier signal in order to completely eliminate, or greatly reduce, the number of phase wraps in the image. The 2D Fourier transform of the wrapped phase map is calculated. Then the spectrum is shifted to the origin in frequency space. After that, the inverse 2D Fourier transform is computed. Finally, a four-quadrant arctangent function is used to calculate the angle of the complex array that was produced by the inverse 2D Fourier transform. This produces a phase map with a smaller number of 2π phase jumps than the original phase map. In some cases, all of the phase wraps are eliminated and there is therefore no need to unwrap the resultant phase map. The reduction of the number of 2π phase jumps can reduce the execution time and improve the noise performance of some phase unwrapping algorithms such as the Flynn method. The validation of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated experimentally and also via computer-simulation.     

The leveling of mask and wafer in proximity nanolithography using fringe pattern phase analysis

The fringe pattern phase analysis method is proposed for the leveling of mask and wafer in proximity lithography. The tilt between mask and wafer in the space is reflected in the tilted fringe pattern. The method combining the 2-D Fourier transform and 2-D Hanning window is proposed for processing the tilted fringe pattern. The offset and angle of tilt are extracted through phase analysis. Computer simulation and experiment are both performed to verify this method. The results indicate that the tilt of the mask and wafer in the space can be extracted with high accuracy through this method.     

An algorithm for estimating both fringe orientation and fringe density

In this paper, an algorithm is proposed which can estimate good fringe orientation and estimate fringe density at the same time. This algorithm accumulates differences along four orientations and then obtains the local orientation and estimates local fringe density according to the differences. The obtained orientation results are more accurate and more robust than the plane-fit method. And it will be shown both theoretically and experimentally that the accumulated differences can estimate fringe density roughly.     

Applications of windowed Fourier fringe analysis in optical measurement: A review

The applications of windowed Fourier fringe analysis in the past decade are reviewed. Because fringe patterns from different optical measurement systems are similar, the reviewed applications are classified according to the functions of the windowed Fourier transform being used in fringe pattern analysis: denosing exponential phase fields, demodulating carrier fringe patterns, getting phase derivatives, and utilizing local properties. From these applications, the windowed Fourier transform is shown to be effective and versatile for fringe pattern analysis.