补硒对预防原发性肝癌的作用

原发性肝癌病因为多因素协同作用的结果,我国肝癌病因以乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）、黄曲霉毒（ＡＦＢ１）、饮水污染和遗传等因素为主。某些微量元素缺乏,促进了肝癌的发生、发展。科学工作者针对肝癌病因采取以“防治肝炎、管粮防霉、改良饮水、适量补硒”为中心的综合防治措施,已取得初步成效,本硒进一步阐明在肝癌高发现场应用补硒肝癌的作用。通过四年前瞻研究结果表明,食硒盐补硒组较对照组血硒ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ升高,ＵＤＳ、微     

高血脂大鼠摄入富硒饲料对血清中铜,锌,钙,镁含量的影响

将４０只雄性ＳＤ大鼠随机分成两组，采用猪油（Ｌ）或玉粮米油（Ｍ）加胆固醇饲料诱导出大高血脂模型后，再分出两组、分别加入亚硒酸钠（Ｌ－Ｓｅ，Ｍ－Ｓｅ），观察大鼠补硒后血清中锌铜、锌、钙、镁等元素的变化。结果表明，高血脂大鼠补硒后血 锌的含量明显下降，铜／锌比值长高。相关分析显示：血硒水平与血清锌含量呈负相关，各组大鼠血清铜、钙、镁的浓度未观察到显著性差异。     

硒对不同水体致癌因子诱发健康人微核的拮抗作用

采用微核检测技术，研究了亚硒酸钠对启东肝癌高发区不同类型饮用水诱发健康人外周血淋巴细胞微核的拮抗作用。结果表明：（１）各实验水体对细胞的毒性作用，宅沟水〉泯沟水〉自来水〉双蒸水。微核率随着实验水体剂量的增加而升高；（２）１ｍｇ／Ｌ的亚硒酸钠浓度对泯沟水，自来水诱发的微核效应有是显的抑制和／或拮抗作用，呈现明显的剂量－效应关系，提示肝癌高发区饮用水体中确存在与肝癌发病相关的致畸因子，补硒确有防与治原     

高危人群补硒预防肝癌的作用

通过调查、抽血检测男性20～65岁18000人,检出HBsAg+、AFP(-)、肝功能(ALT)基本正常的患者2065例,按地区随机分为补硒组1112例及对照组953例。补硒组每人每天服亚硒酸钠05mg1片,对照组则服安慰剂1片。通过服药前瞻观察2年,补硒组血硒显著升高,与对照组比较有明显差异(P<001);相应谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶随之升高,与对照组比较亦有显著差异(P<001);相反补硒组外周血淋巴细胞微核检出率显著低于对照组(P<001)。补硒组肝癌发病率170863/10万(19/1112),对照组430220/10万(41/953),有非常显著差异(P<001),进一步证实在肝癌高发区高危人群中,尤其是低硒地区,补硒可以预防肝癌,补硒方法简单,易于推广。     

硒缺乏的预防

防治硒缺乏可采用补硒方法。目前常用的补硒制剂主要包括有机物（硒蛋氨酸）和无机物（亚硒酸钠或硒酸钠）。硒主要在小肠吸收，人体对硒的吸收率很高，约为50％～100％。膳食来源的硒主要以硒蛋氨酸形式存在。硒蛋氨酸和硒酵母中生物结合形式的硒在直接消除氧自由基、抑制脂质过氧化方面，在激发免疫反应、促进免疫蛋白合成、刺激淋巴细胞增殖方面，在提高肝脏、肌肉中硒含量和提高肝GSH-Px活性方面，效果均明显好于无机硒化合物。与硒的无机盐相比，硒蛋氨酸不仅生物学活性高出许多，而且更容易被吸收，     

慢性肝病患者血中sIL—2R,LPO水平测定及补硒的影响

为探讨硒对慢性肝病患者血中白细胞介素Ⅱ受体的影响,５６例慢性肝病患者随机分为常规治疗组和补硒治疗组,对治疗前后患者血中硒,过氧化脂质和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平进行了测定和比较。     

低硒对大鼠血管一氧化氮合酶和微循环的影响

采用低硒饲料饲养大鼠造成体内贫硒。１４周时测定血浆中脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）和血栓素（ＴＸＡ２）的水平以及部分血液流变学指标。实验第３９周,测定血管组织一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性及一氧化氮（ＮＯ）水平。结果显示,低硒饲料组的血管ＮＯＳ活性、ＮＯ水平显著低于常规饲料的对照组;而在实验第１４周时,当低硒饲料组的血硒、血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性显著下降、血浆ＬＰＯ水平明显上升的同时,其对应的血浆６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α水平也显著降低,但其ＴＸＢ２与对照组无显著差异。此外,随着大鼠体内的贫硒,其红细胞变形能力下降,但红细胞聚集指数和血沉方程Ｋ值提高。因此,硒不足可能会通过影响ＮＯＳ活性和ＰＧＩ２的合成以及红细胞特性而损害微循环功能。     

同位素源激发X射线荧光分析法测定硒酵母中的硒含量

硒具有防癌及抑制癌的作用。江苏省启东县是我国肝癌的高发区之一,其肝癌的死亡率与该地区人体血液中的硒水平呈负相关。为此,启东肝癌研究所研究采用硒酵母(主要是含硒氨基酸)来补充人体中的硒。常用的测定硒方法是氢化物——原子     

慢性肝病患者血中TNF、LPO水平的变化及其相互关系

为探讨脂质过氧化与肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）释放之间的关系,观察了７２例慢性肝病患者抗氧化治疗前后血中过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）和ＴＮＦ水平。结果表明,治疗２～３月后,所有患者血中ＬＰＯ、ＴＮＦ水平均下降,以补硒抗氧化治疗组最明显,与常规治疗组比较有显著差别（Ｐ〈０．０５）。提示慢肝患者体内脂质过氧化状态可能影响免疫介质ＴＮＦ的释放。     

测定血浆中微量硒的三元包合物荧光分析法

采用氧瓶燃烧法对血样进行破坏,利用β－环糊精和十二烷基硫酸钠形成包合物的性质,将4,5－苯并苯硒二唑包合,建立了三元包合物荧光分析法,不经萃取,直接测定血浆中的硒。方法的日内精密度为5．4％－9．3％（n＝7）;日间精密度为3．5％－14．5％（n＝7）;线性范围为10－500μg／;回收率为91．0％－97．8％。对新疆汉族、维吾尔族和沈阳汉族58人的血样进行测定,结果表明：新疆汉族与沈阳汉族间血硒值无显著性差异（F＝1．36,P＞0．05）;新疆汉族与维吾尔族间血硒值有非常显著性差异（F＝1．01,P＜0．01）;男女之间血硒值有非常显著性差异（P＜0．01）。     

Electrokinetic analyte transport assay for alpha-fetoprotein immunoassay integrates mixing, reaction and separation on-chip

A rapid and highly sensitive CE immunoassay method integrating mixing, reaction, separation, and detection on-chip is described for the measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a liver cancer marker in blood. Antibody-binding reagents, consisting of 245-bp DNA coupled anti-AFP WA1 antibody (DNA-WA1) and HiLyte dye-labeled anti-AFP WA2 antibody (HiLyte-WA2), and AFP-containing sample were filled into adjacent zones of a chip channel defined by the laminar flow lines of the microfluidic device using pressure-driven flow. The channel geometry was thus used to quantitatively aliquot the reagents and sample into the chip. DNA-WA1 was electrokinetically concentrated in the channel and sequentially transported through the AFP-sample zone and HiLyte-WA2 zone by ITP in such a manner that the AFP sandwich immune complex formation took place in the sample and HiLyte-WA2 zones. The sandwich AFP immune complex was then detected by LIF after CGE in a separation channel that was arranged downstream of the reaction channel. AFP was detected within 136 s with a detection sensitivity of 5 pM. The on-chip immunoassay described here, applying ITP concentration, in-channel reaction, and CGE separation, has the potential of providing a rapid and sensitive method for both clinical and research applications.     

Metal sulfide quantum dots-aggregated PAMAM dendrimer for cadmium ion-selective electrode-based immunoassay of alpha-fetoprotein

An ion-selective electrode(ISE)-based immunoassay has been innovatively designed for the sensitive detection of liver cancer biomarker(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP),using metal sulfide quantum dot(QD)-based nano labels.Cd S QDs-aggregated PAMAM dendrimer(QD-DE)was first synthesized and functionalized with polyclonal rabbit anti-human AFP antibodies.Thereafter,a sandwich immunoreaction was implemented on monoclonal mouse anti-human AFP antibody-coated microplate by using antibody-functionalized QD-DE as the secondary antibody.Accompanying the immunocomplex,subsequent potentiometric detection of cadmium ion dissolved from the QD-DE under acidic condition was conducted on a portable cadmium ion-selective electrode(Cd-ISE).Results revealed that the electrode potential of the Cd-ISE increased with the increment of AFP concentration from 0.1 to 100 ng m L~(-1)at a detection limit(LOD)of 68 pg m L~(-1).The relative standard deviations(RSD)were below9.09%and 10.54%for the intra-and inter-assay,respectively.Additionally,six human serum specimens were determined on CdISE-based immunosensor by using commercial human AFP ELISA kit as the reference,and gave good relationship between two methods.Importantly,Cd-ISE-based immunoassay offers the promise for simple and cost-effective screening of disease-related biomarkers.     

硒与肿瘤关系研究的进展

概述了近20年来，硒与肿瘤关系的研究进展．包括：环境中的硒水平与肿瘤，肿瘤患者硒水平及其临床意义，硒的抗癌机理和在防治肿瘤上的应用。     

Chiroplasmonic assemblies of gold nanoparticles as a novel method for sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein

Microchimica Acta - Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is present in enhanced concentrations in patients with liver cancer. Thus, sensitive detection of AFP plays an important role in the early...     

Speciation of metabolites of selenate in rats by HPLC-ICP-MS

The metabolic pathway for and metabolites of selenium (Se) administered intravenously to rats in the form of selenate at a dose of 0.3 mg Se kg-1 body weight were studied by speciating Se in the bloodstream, liver and urine by HPLC-inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry. Selenate was not taken up by red blood cells (RBCs) and disappeared from the bloodstream much faster than selenite, without any change in its chemical form before it disappeared from the plasma. Selenium excreted into the urine after the administration of selenate showed different patterns from those of selenite in both amounts and chemical forms. With the selenate group, the concentration of Se in urine was highest at 0-6 h and the chemical species of Se was selenate at 0-6 h; thereafter a monomethylselenol-related Se compound (MMSe*) and trimethylselenonium ions (TMSe) appeared, selenate not being excreted after 6 h. On the other hand, in the selenite group, the concentration of Se peaked at 6-12 h, and the chemical species of Se were MMSe* and TMSe. Selenate was reduced in vitro on incubation in either a liver homogenate or supernatant fraction, although much more slowly than in the whole body. Selenate was not reduced by glutathione or dithiothreitol. The results suggest that in contrast to selenite, which is taken up by and reduced in RBCs, and then transferred to the liver, approximately 20% of the selenate administered to rats was excreted into the urine without any change in its chemical form with the present dose, and the major portion of selenate was taken up by the liver, reduced and then utilized for the synthesis of selenoproteins or excreted into the urine after being methylated.     

A study of the postnatal change in trace element levels in rat tissues by thermal neutron activation analysis

In order to obtain information about postnatal changes in trace element levels in rat tissues, the age-dependent variations in the concentrations of 6 elements (Fe, Zn, Co, Se, Rb and Cs) were investigated by thermal neutron activation analysis. Several variation patterns were revealed in their concentrations as a function of postnatal age, depending on the combination of an element and an organ: (1) A steady state without significant variations (Zn and Se in brain, Rb and Cs in liver), (2) accumulation till a steady level is attained in time (Se in liver and kidney, Co in kidney), (3) depletion till a steady level is attained in time (Fe and Co in brain, Zn in liver and kidney, Rb and Cs in kidney), (4) permanent depletion (Rb and Cs in brain), and 95) initial drop followed by gradual increase in concentration levels (Fe in liver and kidney, Co in liver)     

硒对癌症的预防和临床问题的研究现状

从流行病学、实验室和临床等的研究均表明微量元素硒具有化学防癌的潜力，特别是近来富硒酵母应用于肺癌、肠癌、前列腺癌和肝癌等临床干预试验，表现出硒具有强大的保护作用。本文着重论述了硒化合物发展成为化学防癌药物的作用机制问题，这些机制表现在硒具有抗致癌的生物活性。还讨论了对硒的化学预防试验人群的选择，硒的干预试验，临床应用结果和安全范围的指标等问题。     

胎儿肝、肾上腺微量元素的时序变化与抗氧化酶活性的关系

为探讨胎儿发育过程中组织器官抗氧化酶活性和微量元素的关系，分析了不同月龄胎儿肝、肾上腺中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se的含量和抗氧化酶活性，并分别与月龄进行相关分析。结果表明，肝、肾上腺中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se与抗氧化酶活性之间显示有依存关系，为揭示人体胚胎微量元素与酶的关系及其分子生物学机制提供了依据。     

Application of a mimetic enzyme for the enzyme immunoassay for α-1-fetoprotein

A new mimetic enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) method for α-1-fetoprotein (AFP) was developed using a mimetic enzyme Mn(III)-tetra(sulfophenyl)porphine (Mn-TPPS₄) as a labelling reagent to catalyze the fluorescence reaction of 4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid (HPA) and hydrogen peroxide. In the sandwich assay standard AFP solution or AFP containing umbilical blood serum first reacts with antibody (anti-AFP)coated on a 40-well plate (polystyrene), and then further reacts with Mn-TPPS₄-labelled anti-AFP; the Mn-TPPS₄ on the bound fraction, after removing the free fraction was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity as a result of the reaction between HPA and H₂O₂, catalyzed by bound Mn-TPPS₄ and anti-AFP conjugate, which was proportional to the concentration of AFP. AFP in the range 0.01–10 μg per well can be determined with a detection limit of 1 ng per well. The method has sufficient sensitivity to be applied to the determination of AFP in umbilical blood serum.     

反复呼吸道感染与血清中微量元素关系的研究

反复呼吸道感染是儿科的常见病、多发病 ,研究表明 ,RRTI患儿急性期血清铁、锌明显降低 ,且感染发作频率与铁、锌下降程度有关[1] 。作者旨在通过对 68例 RRTI患儿 ,67例营养不良患儿及 5 6例健康儿童血清硒、铁、铜、锌、铅、钙、镁 7种元素含量的测定分析及比较 ,为临床诊断及治疗提供参考。1　材料与方法1 .1　主要仪器与试剂WYX— 90 0 3型原子吸收分光光度计 (沈阳分析仪器厂 ) ,WHG— 1 0 2 A2型流动注射氢化物发生器 (北京瀚时制作所 ) ,管式自控电热消化器(北京化工研究院 ) ,硒、铅、铁、锌、铜、钙、镁 7种元素分析物质均属…