固—气相平衡时的蒸气压方程

本文以固气平衡为例，当考虑到潜热与温度的关系时，深入地讨论了克劳修斯－克拉珀龙方程或称蒸气压方程的形式。     

热核多重碎裂与液-气相变的新进展

回顾了热核研究的基本理论方法和液－气相变的研究历史,对近年有关研究的进展作了评述,指出了将来进一步研究的主要方向． The basic theoretical methods for investigating the hot nuclei and their multifragmentation are reviewed. After the history of the studies of the liquid gas phase transition is introduced briefly, the comments on its new advances are given. The main frontiers in the corresponding fields are pointed out as well.     

高激发核物质液-气相变与核温度

评述了高激发核的激发能及核温度的测量方法,以及这些测量方法的可靠性．同时还根椐理论模拟的结果讨论了当前得到的核物质量热曲线中可能存在的问题,提出了进一步开展核物质量热曲线研究中温度测量的一些措施．The methods measuring excitation energies and temperature of highly excited nuclear matter and their reliability have been summarized. According to the research and simulation the measured caloric curve has been discussed and some suggestions for further investigation of nuclear temperature were pointed out.     

自然循环型气液固三相流载气蒸发传热的实验研究

符号表Cs固体颗粒在液体中的含量vol．％dp固体颗粒直径mmde实验段当量直径mmh表面传热系数kw／m2Kk液体导热率W／mKq热通量kw／m2r液体汽化潜热kJ／kgTw加热壁面温度℃ug载气表现速度mm／sul循环液速m／sρg载气的密度kg／m3ρl液体的密度kg／m3ρs固体颗粒的密度kg／m3μg气相粘度mPa·sμl液相粘度mPa·sBo沸腾准数Nu努塞尔准数Reg载气雷诺数Rel液体雷诺数沸腾与蒸发装置内换热壁面上的结垢与结疤是降低换热效率的重要因素之一。换热装置的防垢抗垢一直受到重视。近年来，一些研究者将固体颗粒引入换热器的加热管内，形成流化床换热…     

气液固三相流载气蒸发的抗垢性能

分析了化工设备换热面上碳酸钙碱性污垢生成及其影响因素,认为液体在加热壁面上的过热是导致碳酸钙碱性污垢沉积的重要原因,降低料液在加热壁面上的过热度可收到明显的防垢抗垢效果。在蒸发器加热管内引入少量的惰性气体(载气)与流态化固体颗粒,使之形成气液固三相流载气蒸发,可显著强化传热,降低料液在加热壁面上的过热度。以碳酸钙模拟工业硬水的实验结果表明,气液固三相流载气蒸发过程表现出明显的防垢抗垢效果,且具有一定的在线清洗作用。     

描述混合物固液相变的两个近似模型

 提出了描述混合物固液相变的两个近似模型：混合相模型和等效物质模型。通过对304钢的计算和比较表明，由两个模型计算得到的结果与直接利用304钢的材料参数计算得到的结果相符合。     

压力和充满率对低温气瓶蒸发流量影响的研究

蒸发率是低温气瓶绝热性能的一项重要指标,本文将气瓶做一维传热过程分析,采用二维轴对称的VOF(Volume of Fluent)模型,数值模拟研究了压力和充满率对低温绝热气瓶蒸发状态的影响。结果显示,当气瓶工作压力数倍于大气压力时,压力越高,气瓶出口蒸发质量流量越高。在蒸发过程中,气瓶内液相区温度基本保持不变,而气相区温度则出现明显的分层现象。当充满率降低时,由于液体减少,蒸发质量流量随之降低,但仍随着工作压力的升高而增大。     

镧系氮化物压致结构相变的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,得到了常压下镧系氮化物的晶格常数,以及在压力作用下镧系氮化物从NaCl型结构(B1)到CsCl型结构(B2)转变的压力。并把考虑电子自旋极化与不考虑电子自旋极化作用的计算结果进行了对比,分析了4f电子对镧系氮化物这些强关联体系的压致结构转变压力的影响。结果显示:5个镧系元素的氮化物(GdN、TbN、DyN、HoN和ErN)从B1相到B2相转变的压力与电子自旋极化作用关系很大,而其它镧系氮化物的相变压力与电子自旋极化作用的关系很小。     

β-MnO2高压相的从头计算模拟

 基于密度泛函理论（DFT），用完全势能线性缀加平面波方法（FPLAPW）计算模拟了MnO₂的同质多相变体（金红石型结构、CaCl₂型结构、黄铁矿型结构），通过计算，预测了β-MnO₂在5 GPa时从金红石型结构转变为CaCl₂型结构，在20 GPa时进一步转变为黄铁矿型结构。另外，还总结和比较了几种金红石型结构二氧化物的压致相变特点，得出第Ⅳ主族元素的金红石型结构氧化物有很好的规律性，发生的相变序列基本一致；并随着金属阳离子半径的增大，发生相变的压力值也相应地递减，各氧化物的体积模量值相应地减小。     

非等温气固两相各向同性湍流的直接数值模拟

本文对非等温气固两相各向同性湍流中颗粒及颗粒所见流体温度的统计行为进行了直接数值模拟研究,系统地讨论了颗粒惯性的影响。对于Tp/Tk<1的颗粒,其温度脉动随惯性增大而减弱;对于Tp/Tk>1的颗粒,其趋势相反。颗粒及颗粒所见流体温度的自相关都随颗粒惯性的增加而减弱,而且随颗粒惯性的增加,颗粒所见流体温度的自相关比颗粒自身温度的自关联下降得快。     

用计算机数据采集系统测量液氮的汽化潜热

在液氮汽化潜热的测量实验中,通过计算机数据采集系统准确记录了液氮汽化过程中质量的变化,并由铜的定压比热随温度变化的曲线准确计算出了液氮的汽化潜热.     

水的比汽化热测量装置的改进

对传统的测量水的比汽化热实验中的加热和输气装置进行改进,采用集成电路温度传感器测量量热器中温度,实现了水比汽化热非电量电测,较准确地测量水的比汽化热．     

The thermo-elastic instability model of melting of alkali halides in the Debye approximation

The Debye model of lattice vibrations of alkali halides is used to show that there is a temperature below the melting temperature where the vibrational pressure exceeds the electrostatic pressure. The onset temperature of this thermo-elastic instability scales as the melting temperature of NaCl, KCl, and KBr, suggesting its role in the melting of the alkali halides in agreement with a previous more rigorous model.     

用电加热方法测量液氮的汽化潜热

对测量液氮汽化潜热实验进行改进,引入计算机数据采集技术,记录液氮的汽化过程,通过浸入液氮中的通电电阻释放热量,来改善汽化程度,这样既可以长时间地观察液氮的汽化过程,又能较准确的测量汽氮汽化潜热.     

Similarity criteria for Debye temperatures of simple solids at compression

A similarity criterion for the volume dependence of Debye temperatures of simple solids at compression is presented. It is shown that the volume dependences of the characteristic Debye temperatures of various solids fall on a single common curve in dimensionless coordinates. The validity of the model is tested on examples of solids with various types of interatomic forces – molecular crystal, ionic crystal, metals and covalent crystal.     

非简谐振动和形变对ZnSe类石墨烯德拜温度热容量以及极性的影响

应用哈里森(Harrison)键联轨道法和固体物理理论和方法,考虑到原子的高阶非简谐振动,计算了ZnSe类石墨烯化合物的σ键和π键的极性、简谐系数和非简谐系数,得到它的德拜温度和定容热容量随温度变化的解析式以及形变引起的极性参量的改变量,探讨了形变对ZnSe类石墨烯极性的影响,并讨论了原子非简谐振动对化合物热力学性质的影响,结果表明:在300 K到1600 K温度区间内,简谐近似下,ZnSe的德拜温度为常量,热容量随着温度的升高呈非线性增大,其中温度较低时变化较快,温度较高时变化较慢并随着温度的升高而趋于常量.考虑到非简谐项后,德拜温度随着温度升高而增大,几乎为正比关系,而热容量的值比简谐近似的值有所减小,与第一非简谐项的影响相比,第二非简谐项的影响很小.形变对ZnSe类石墨烯的极性有重要的影响,在它的几种形变中,剪切形变对σ键的极性的影响最大,而键长形变对π键的极性的影响最小.温度愈高,非简谐效应愈显著.     

Astrophysically significant solutions of the Einstein and Einstein-Maxwell equations from the Laplace’s seed

The stationary solutions given by Amenedo and Manko generated from known solutions of Laplace’s equation as seed have been generalised to include the electromagnetic field. Further, the exterior solution of an axially symmetric rotating body with higher multipole moments and a solution corresponding to a Kerr object embedded in a gravitational field are given. We also give a method for constructing stationary vacuum solutions from static magnetovac solutions and vice versa and discuss a specific application of this method.     

纳米颗粒与纳米块材摩尔定压热容的理论计算

探讨了纳米颗粒和纳米块材摩尔定压热容 C_P(T)的理论计算方法,提出了利用纳米颗粒的熔点数据来计算纳米颗粒的德拜(Debye)温度、体膨胀系数和C_P(T)的理论公式,以铜纳米颗粒为例,C_P(T)的理论计算值与实验值符合较好;提出了纳米块材的Debye温度随块材密度变化的关系式,随着块材密度减小,Debye温度降低;铜纳米块材C_P(T)的理论计算值与实验值也符合较好;纳米块材的体 关键词： 纳米颗粒 纳米块材 C_P(T)')" href="#">摩尔定压热容C_P(T) 德拜温度     

Quantum Mayer Graphs for Coulomb Systems and the Analog of the Debye Potential

Within the Feynman–Kac path integral representation, the equilibrium quantities of a quantum plasma can be represented by Mayer graphs. The well known Coulomb divergencies that appear in these series are eliminated by partial resummations. In this paper, we propose a resummation scheme based on the introduction of a single effective potential that is the quantum analog of the Debye potential. A low density analysis of shows that it reduces, at short distances, to the bare Coulomb interaction between the charges (which is able to lead to bound states). At scale of the order of the Debye screening length ^–1 _D, approaches the classical Debye potential and, at large distances, it decays as a dipolar potential (this large distance behaviour is due to the quantum nature of the particles). The prototype graphs that result from the resummation obey the same diagrammatical rules as the classical graphs of the Abe–Meeron series. We give several applications that show the usefulness of to account for Coulombic effects at all distances in a coherent way.     

On the Einstein model for EXAFS parallel and perpendicular mean‐square relative displacements

The correlated Einstein model for EXAFS parallel and perpendicular mean‐square relative displacements (MSRDs) is discussed. By means of dynamical simulations on different crystalline structures, the error owing to the Einstein‐fit model on the EXAFS MSRDs is estimated as a function of the standard deviation of the density of vibrational states. This error should be taken into account to improve the accuracy of the MSRDs.