第五、六族元素的有机化合物在有机合成中应用的研究 LII: 含氟烯醚的合成

含氟烯醚可作为亲偶极体进行偶极环加成反应. 某些含氟烯醚在亲核试剂作用下可作为烷基化试剂. 本文报导了Wittig反应通过芳氧.     

Synthesis of phthalide derivatives using nickel-catalyzed cyclization of o-haloesters with aldehydes

The reaction of o-bromobenzoate (1 b) with benzaldehyde (2 a) in the presence of [NiBr(2)(dppe)] (dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) and zinc powder in THF (24 hours, reflux temperature), afforded 3-phenyl-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one (3 a) in an 86 % yield. Similarly, o-iodobenzoate reacts with 2 a to give 3 a, but in a lower yield (50 %). A series of substituted aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes (2 b, 4-MeC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 c, 4-MeOC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 d, 3-MeOC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 e, 2-MeOC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 f, 4-CNC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 g, 4-(Me)(3)CC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 h, 4-C(6)H(5)C(6)H(4)CHO; 2 i, 4-ClC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 j, 4-CF(3)C(6)H(4)CHO; 2 k, CH(3)(CH(2))(5)CHO; 2 l, CH(3)(CH(2))(2)CHO) also underwent cyclization with o-bromobenzoate (1 b) producing the corresponding phthalide derivatives in moderate to excellent yields and with high chemoselectivity. Like 1 b, methyl 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate (1 c) reacts with tolualdehyde (2 b) to give the corresponding substituted phthalide 3 m in a 71 % yield. The methodology can be further applied to the synthesis of six-membered lactones. The reaction of methyl 2-(2-bromophenyl)acetate (1 d) with benzaldehyde under similar reaction conditions afforded six-membered lactone 3 o in a 68 % yield. A possible catalytic mechanism for this cyclization is also proposed.     

2-(N-三氟乙酰-N-三甲基硅烷基)氨基-3-三甲基硅烷氧基-羧酸三甲基硅烷酯和2-(N-三氟乙酰)-2,3-脱氢氨基酸的合成

利用三氟甲基磺酸三甲基硅烷酯, 我们合成了一种新的、化学活性很高的合成中间产物2-(N-三氟乙酰-N-三甲基硅烷基)氨基-1, 1-二(三甲基硅烷氧基)乙烯。脂肪醛或芳香醛发生碳碳成键的加成反应, 生成β碳原子上带有易离去基团三甲基硅烷氧基、N原子上带有保护基团三氟乙酰基的α氨基酸三甲基硅烷酯。消除反应得到了一个合成α、β脱氢氨基酸的可行途径。这类化合物是合成复杂多肽和肽生物碱的基元物。     

A new, efficient glycosylation method for oligosaccharide synthesis under neutral conditions: preparation and use of new DISAL donors

Efficient, stereoselective glycosylation methods are required for the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides as tools in glycobiology. All glycosylation methods, which have found wide acceptance, rely on Lewis acid activation of glycosyl donors prior to glycosylation. Here, we present a new and efficient method for glycosylation under neutral or mildly basic conditions. Glycosides of methyl 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoate (DISAL) and its para regioisomer, methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoate, were prepared by nucleophilic aromatic substitution. In a first demonstration of their potential as glycosyl donors, stereospecific glycosylation of methanol was achieved. In the glycosylation of more hindered alcohols, the beta-donor proved more reactive, and alpha-glucosides were predominantly formed. Glycosylation of protected monosaccharides, with free 6-OH or 3-OH, proceeded smoothly in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) at 40-60 degrees C in the absence of Lewis acids and bases in good to excellent yields. Glycosylation of 3-OH gave the alpha-linked disaccharide only.     

Biaryl formation in the synthesis of endo and exo-platinacycles

The reactions of cis-[Pt(2)(4-MeC(6)H(4))(4)(μ-SEt(2))(2)] with bifunctional ligands ArCH=NCH(2)(2-XC(6)H(4)) containing a C-X bond at the ortho positions of the benzyl ring (Ar = 4-ClC(6)H(4), X = Br (1d); Ar = 2,4,6-(CH(3))(3)C(6)H(2), X = Br (1e); Ar = 2,4,6-(CH(3))(3)C(6)H(2), X = Cl (1f); Ar = 2-CH(3)C(6)H(4), X = Br (1h); Ar = 2,6-F(2)C(6)H(3), X = Br (1i)) in refluxing toluene were studied. Several types of platinum(II) cyclometallated compounds containing a biaryl linkage were obtained: i) endo-five-membered with a Pt-C(sp(2)) bond (2d, 2h), ii) endo-six-membered with a Pt-C(sp(3)) bond (2e, 2f), and iii) exo-five membered with a Pt-C(sp(2)) bond (2i). The formed biaryl linkage involves the metallated ring for 2i and the non-metallated ring for the endo-metallacycles. The reaction of compounds 2 with PPh(3) produced the corresponding phosphine derivatives, some of which (3d, 3e, 3h and 3i) were characterised crystallographically. In addition, compound [PtBr{2-CH(3)C(6)H(3)C(6)H(4)CH=NCH(2)(2-C(6)H(4)Br)}SEt(2)] (2c) containing a seven-membered endo-metallacycle was also obtained and characterised crystallographically.     

Application of a catalyst-free Domino Mannich/Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction for the synthesis of novel tetrahydroquinolines of potential antitumor activity

A useful and efficient method to construct diversely substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines in good to excellent yields has been developed through a catalyst-free Domino Mannich and intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions of N-arylamines with paraformaldehyde and electron-rich olefins via the formation of N-aryl-N-alkylmethyleneiminium ions as the key intermediates to afford the target products. Nine of the new compounds were evaluated in the US National Cancer Institute (NCI), where compound 5f (R1?=?6-MeO, R2?=?p-ClC6H4 and X?=?pyrrolidin-2-onyl) presented a remarkable activity against 57 cancer cell lines, with the most important GI50 values ranging from 1.46 to 8.28?μM from in vitro assays. Further studies performed over the active compound 5f on HCT116 colon cancer cells indicated that its effect on cell death is exerted through a cell cycle arrest (S phase) in a dose dependent manner, as well as suppression on the cell proliferation process.     

固-液相转移催化合成V.醛亚胺的michael加成和羰基加成反应合成α-氨基 酸

报道了在以K~2CO~2为固体碱的固-液相转移催化条件下,用醛亚胺与亲电的 烯烃和醛类化合物进行Michael加成,羰基加成反应,合成了一系列醛亚胺亲核加成产物.并通过水解羰基加成产物制备了一系列丝氨酸衍生物.该法简便,温和,反应时间短,产率高,是合成具有取代基的甘氨酸,丙氨酸和丝氨酸及其酯的一种有用方法.     

Phosphonium and arsonium ylides. XVII. A facile synthesis of methyl 2,6-bisperfluoroalkylbenzoates via acyclic precursors

The title compounds 6a—6f were prepared with high yield via intramolecular Wittig reaction of methyl 3-perfluoroalkyl-6-peifluoroacyl-2-triphenylphosphoranylidenchex-3,5-dienoates (5a—5i) which were obtained from the reaction of 3-perfluoroacylprop-2-enylidenetriphenylphosphoranes (3a—3c) with methyl perfluoroalkynoates (4a—4c).     

2-苯甲酰基-N-芳基氨基脲的合成及抑菌活性

以N-取代三氯乙酰胺在碱催化下与苯甲酰肼反应,合成了8种2-苯甲酰基-N-芳基氨基脲3a～3h,其结构经元素分析、IR和1H NMR所表征;初步生物活性测定表明,部分化合物对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有一定的抑菌活性.     

Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical studies of molybdenum and tungsten dinitrogen, diazenido, and hydrazido complexes that contain aryl-substituted triamidoamine ligands

One-electron reduction of [ArN(3)N]MoCl complexes (Ar = C(6)H(5), 4-FC(6)H(4), 4-t-BuC(6)H(4), 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3)) yields complexes of the type [ArN(3)N]Mo-N=N-Mo[ArN(3)N], while two-electron reduction yields ([ArN(3)N]Mo-N=N)(-) derivatives (Ar = C(6)H(5), 4-FC(6)H(4), 4-t-BuC(6)H(4), 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3), 3,5-Ph(2)C(6)H(3), and 3,5-(4-t-BuC(6)H(4))(2)C(6)H(3)). Compounds that were crystallographically characterized include ([t-BuC(6)H(4)N(3)N]Mo)(2)(N(2)), Na(THF)(6)([PhN(3)N]Mo-N=N)(2)Na(THF)(3), [t-BuC(6)H(4)N(3)N]Mo-N=N-Na(15-crown-5), and ([Ph(2)C(6)H(3)N(3)N]MoNN)(2)Mg(DME)(2). Compounds of the type [ArN(3)N]Mo-N=N-Mo[ArN(3)N] do not appear to form when Ar = 3,5-Ph(2)C(6)H(3) or 3,5-(4-t-BuC(6)H(4))(2)C(6)H(3), presumably for steric reasons. Treatment of diazenido complexes (e.g., [ArN(3)N]Mo-N=N-Na(THF)(x)) with electrophiles such as Me(3)SiCl or MeOTf yielded [ArN(3)N]Mo-N=NR complexes (R = SiMe(3) or Me). These species react further to yield ([ArN(3)N]Mo-N=NMe(2))(+) species in the presence of methylating agents. Addition of anionic methyl reagents to ([ArN(3)N]Mo-N=NMe(2))(+) species yielded [ArN(3)N]Mo(N=NMe(2))(Me) complexes. Reduction of [4-t-BuC(6)H(4)N(3)N]WCl under dinitrogen leads to a rare ([t-BuC(6)H(4)N(3)N]W)(2)(N(2)) species that can be oxidized by two electrons to give a stable dication (as its BPh(4)(-) salt). Reduction of hydrazido species leads to formation of Mo=N in low yields, and only dimethylamine could be identified among the many products. Electrochemical studies revealed expected trends in oxidation and reduction potentials, but also provided evidence for stable neutral dinitrogen complexes of the type [ArN(3)N]Mo(N(2)) when Ar is a relatively bulky terphenyl substituent.     

A comparative study of the structures and reactivity of cyclometallated platinum compounds of N-benzylidenebenzylamines and cycloplatination of a primary amine

The reaction of cis-[PtCl(2)(dmso)2] with ligands 4-ClC(6)H(4)CHNCH(2)C(6)H(5) (1a) and 4-ClC(6)H(4)CHNCH(2)(4-ClC(6)H(4)) (1b) in the presence of sodium acetate and using either methanol or toluene as solvent produced the corresponding five-membered endo-metallacycles [PtCl{(4-ClC(6)H(3))CHNCH(2)C(6)H(5)}{SOMe(2)}] (2a) and [PtCl{(4-ClC(6)H(3))CHNCH(2)(4'-ClC(6)H(4))}{SOMe(2)}] (2b). An analogous reaction for ligands 2,6-Cl(2)C(6)H(3)CHNCH(2)C(6)H(5) (1c) and 2,6-Cl(2)C(6)H(3)CHNCH(2)(4-ClC(6)H(4)) (1d) produced five-membered exo-metallacycles [PtCl{(2,6-Cl(2)C(6)H(3))CHNCH(2)C(6)H(4)}{SOMe(2)}] (2c) and [PtCl{(2,6-Cl(2)C(6)H(3))CHNCH(2)(4'-ClC(6)H(3))}{SOMe(2)}] (2d) when the reaction was carried out in methanol and seven-membered endo-platinacycles [PtCl{(MeC(6)H(3))ClC(6)H(3)CHNCH(2)C(6)H(4)}{SOMe(2)}] (3c) and [PtCl{(MeC(6)H(3))ClC(6)H(3)CHNCH(2)(4'-ClC(6)H(3))}{SOMe(2)}] (3d) when toluene was used as a solvent. The reaction of 2,4,6-(CH(3))(3)C(6)H(2)CHNCH(2)(4-ClC(6)H(4)) (1e) produced in both solvents an exo-platinacycle [PtCl{(2,4,6-(CH(3))(3)C(6)H(2))CHNCH(2)(4'-ClC(6)H(3))}{SO(CH(3))(2)}] (2e). Cyclometallation of 4-chlorobenzylamine was also achieved to produce compound [PtCl{(4-ClC(6)H(3))CH(2)NH(2)}{SOMe(2)}] (2g). The reactions of endo- and exo-metallacycles with phosphines evidenced the higher lability of the Pt-N bond in exo-metallacycles while a comparative analysis of the crystal structures points out a certain degree of aromaticity in the endo-metallacycle.     

2-[4-取代苯基-2-氧-3-酰氨基-1-吖丁啶基]-2-苯基乙酸类化合物的合成

用叠氮钠和D-苯基甘氨酸为原料合成了2-[4-取代苯基-2-氧-3-酰氨基-1-吖啶基]-2-苯基乙酸类化合物. 在叠氮乙酰氯和亚胺化合物在三乙胺存在下在-78℃时进行环缩合反应, 可导致立体专一性合成顺-甲基-2-(4-取代苯基-2-酮-3-叠氮-1-吖啶基)-2-苯基乙酸, 催化氢化或硫化氢可减少叠氮基和得到氨基β-内酰胺后者被酰化生成α-酰氨基-β-内酰胺, 在温和碱性条件下选择性地氢化酯基既不会影响β-内酰胺环, 又不全影响酰胺侧链. 合成了二十个标题化合物, 其中九个被表明对β-内酰胺酶有抑制活性.     

Synthesis of triamidoamine ligands of the type (ArylNHCH(2)CH(2))(3)N and molybdenum and tungsten complexes that contain an [ArylNCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]3- ligand

Aryl bromides react with (H(2)NCH(2)CH(2))(3)N in a reaction catalyzed by Pd(2)(dba)(3) in the presence of BINAP and NaO-t-Bu to give the arylated derivatives (ArylNHCH(2)CH(2))(3)N [Aryl = C(6)H(5) (1a), 4-FC(6)H(4) (1b), 4-t-BuC(6)H(4) (1c), 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3) (1d), 3,5-Ph(2)C(6)H(3) (1e), 3,5-(4-t-BuC(6)H(4))(2)C(6)H(3) (1f), 2-MeC(6)H(4) (1g), 2,4,6-Me(3)C(6)H(2) (1h)]. Reactions between (ArNHCH(2)CH(2))(3)N (Ar = C(6)H(5), 4-FC(6)H(4), 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3), and 3,5-Ph(2)C(6)H(3)) and Mo(NMe(2))(4) in toluene at 70 degrees C lead to [(ArNHCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]Mo(NMe(2)) complexes in yields ranging from 64 to 96%. Dimethylamido species (Ar = 4-FC(6)H(4), 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3)) could be converted into paramagnetic [(ArNHCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]MoCl species by treating them with 2,6-lutidinium chloride in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The "direct reaction" between 1a-f and MoCl(4)(THF)(2) in THF followed by 3 equiv of MeMgCl yielded [(ArNHCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]MoCl species (3a-f) in high yield. If 4 equiv of LiMe instead of MeMgCl are employed in the direct reaction, then [(ArNHCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]MoMe species are formed. Tungsten species, [(ArNHCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]WCl, could be prepared by analogous "direct" methods. Cyclic voltammetric studies reveal that MoCl complexes become more difficult to reduce as the electron donating ability of the [ArylNCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]3- ligand increases, and the reductions become less reversible, consistent with ready loss of chloride from ([(ArNHCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]MoCl)(-). Tungsten complexes are more difficult to reduce, and reductions are irreversible on the CV time scale.     

5-取代苯氨基-6-苯基-1,2,4-三嗪-3-酮的合成

苯甲铣基-N-取代茜基硫代甲酰胺与氨基脲缩合后,环化可何成4,6-二取代-5-硫酮-1,2,4-三嗪-3-酮.本文报道将其缩氨基脲中硫甲基化,然后在碱性条件下, 改变成环方式,合成九个5-取代苯氨基-6-苯基-1,1,4-三嗪1-3-酮.它们的结构经元素分析,红外,核磁,质谱等予以证实.探讨了两种不同成环原因.     

Suzuki cross-coupling on enantiomerically pure epoxides: efficient synthesis of diverse, modular amino alcohols from single enantiopure precursors

Suzuki arylation of enantiopure (4-bromophenyl)- or (3,5-dibromophenyl)glycidyl ethers has been achieved in toluene under Buchwald conditions [ArB(OH)2 (1.1 equiv), Cs2CO3 (2 equiv), Pd2(dba)3.C6H6 (1 mol %), S-Phos (4 mol %), toluene, 100 degrees C] allowing for the formation of modular arylglycidyl ethers not directly available in enantiopure form by epoxidation routes. These bulky ethers, when submitted to regioselective and stereospecific ring opening with ammonia [aq NH3, LiClO4 (1 equiv), THF, microwave irradiation (80 W), 125 degrees C] in a sealed tube, provide access to novel enantiopure beta-amino alcohols which, in turn, provide an easy access to structurally complex C2 symmetrical bisoxazolines.     

Photochemical synthesis of intensely luminescent isocyano rhenium(I) complexes with readily tunable structural features

A new class of readily tunable isocyano rhenium(I) diimine luminophores, cis,cis-[Re(CO)(2)(CNR)(2)(N-N)](+) (R=2,4,6-Cl(3)C(6)H(2), 4-ClC(6)H(4), 4-Br-2,6-(CH(3))(2)C(6)H(2), 2,6-(CH(3))(2)C(6)H(3), 4-[(CH(3))(2)N]C(6)H(4), 4-(C(6)H(5))C(6)H(4), 4-nBuC(6)H(4), tBu), has been synthesized in high yield by a highly selective photochemical substitution reaction. These complexes were characterized by (1)H NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The X-ray crystal structures of one of the complexes and one of the precursor complexes for the photosubstitution reaction were also determined. As the isocyanide ligands are readily tunable, complexes with excellent solubility in benzene or other nonpolar solvents could be designed through slight modification of the isocyanide ligands with a short nBu substituent. With the characteristic strong infrared absorptions of the carbonyl (C≡O) and isocyanide (C≡N) stretches as well as the high solubility of the reactant and product in benzene, which is the solvent for the photoreaction, the photosubstitution reaction of [Re(CO)(3)(nBuC(6)H(4)NC)(2)Br] with 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine was also studied by in situ IR spectroscopy. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these complexes were also investigated. Except for the complex with [(CH(3))(2)N]C(6)H(4)NC ligands, all complexes displayed intense luminescence with quantum yields of up to 0.37 in degassed CH(2)Cl(2) solution at room temperature. These emissions were assigned as the phosphorescence derived from the metal-to-ligand charge transfer [dπ(Re)→π*(N-N)] excited state. The emissive excited states of these complexes have also been characterized by transient absorption spectroscopic studies. The capability of tuning the emissive excited-state energy through the modification of the isocyanide ligands could be reflected by the significant shifting of the phosphorescence from 530 to 620 nm with the same phenanthroline ligand.     

Novel dinuclear uranyl complexes with asymmetric schiff base ligands: synthesis, structural characterization, reactivity, and extraction studies

The reaction of uranyl nitrate with asymmetric [3O, N] Schiff base ligands in the presence of base yields dinuclear uranyl complexes, [UO2(HL1)]2.DMF (1), [UO2(HL2)]2.2DMF.H2O (2), and [UO2(HL3)]2.2DMF (3) with 3-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)propane-1,2-diol (H3L1), 4-((2,3-dihydroxypropylimino)methyl)benzene-1,3-diol (H3L2), and 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)propane-1,2-diol (H3L3), respectively. All complexes exhibit a symmetric U2O2 core featuring a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry around each uranyl center. The hydroxyl groups on the ligands are attached to the uranyl ion in chelating, bridging, and coordinate covalent bonds. Distortion in the backbone is more pronounced in 1, where the phenyl groups are on the same side of the planar U2O2 core. The phenyl groups are present on the opposite side of U2O2 core in 2 and 3 due to electronic and steric effects. A similar hydrogen-bonding pattern is observed in the solid-state structures of 1 and 3 with terminal hydroxyl groups and DMF molecules, resulting in discrete molecules. Free aryl hydroxyl groups and water molecules in 2 give rise to a two-dimensional network with water molecules in the channels of an extended corrugated sheet structure. Compound 1 in the presence of excess Ag(NO3) yields {[(UO2)(NO3)(C6H4OCOO)](NH(CH2CH3)3)}2 (4), where the geometry around the uranyl center is hexagonal bipyrimidal. Two-phase extraction studies of uranium from aqueous media employing H3L3 indicate 99% reduction of uranyl ion at higher pH.     

双环戊二烯基二氯钛催化下异丙基溴化镁对亚胺的还原反应

研究了在催化量的二茂钛氯化物存在下亚胺与异丙基溴化镁格氏试剂的反应.九个带有不同取代基的亚胺均以满意的得率还原成相应的胺.讨论了亚胺反应的机理.提出了在反应中有[CP2TiH]活性中间体存在.     

Bromination and diazo-coupling of pyridinethiones; microwave assisted synthesis of isothiazolopyridine, pyridothiazine and pyridothiazepines

Isothiazolopyridines, pyridothiazines and pyridothiazepines are important compounds that possess valuable biological activities. This paper reports on the synthesis of these compounds using both conventional chemical methods and modern microwave techniques. 3-Bromo-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide, 5-arylazo-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamides, 3,5-bis-arylazo-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyridine-3-caboxamide, 4-methyl-2,3,6,7-tetra-hydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]-pyridine-3,6-dione, 2,2'-(methylene-bis-(sulfanediyl))bis(4-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide), 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-e][1,3]-thiazine-4,7(8H)-dione and 2-arylmethylene-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido-[3,2-f][1,4]thiazepine-3,5-diones have been prepared from 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide. Some of these compounds were prepared using microwave-assisted reaction conditions, that provided higher yields in shorter times than the conventional methods.     

Formal synthesis of strobilurins A and X

Known synthetic precursors of strobilurins A and X, i.e., methyl (3Z,5E)-6-aryl-3-methylhexa-3,5-dienoates (aryl is phenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl), were synthesized by highly stereospecific reactions from 2-(2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxyethyl)- and 2-[2-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)-ethyl]-5-arylpenta-2E,4E-dien-1-ols. These dienols were efficiently dehydroxylated to (1E,3Z)-4-methyl-6-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)hexa-1,3-dienylarenes with their subsequent demethoxyben-zylation to (3Z,5E)-6-aryl-3-methylhexa-3,5-dien-1-ols. The latter through the step of corresponding aryldienals and aryldienoic acids were transformed to the target methyl (3Z,5E)-6-aryl-3-methylhexa-3,5-dienoates, which completes a formal synthesis of strobilurins A and X. Configuration of the C=C bonds of the conjugated aryldiene system is preserved in the considered transformations by 95–97%.