中药通心络对抑郁-动脉粥样硬化大鼠干预作用的血浆代谢组学研究

采用快速液相色谱串联离子阱飞行时间质谱(UFLC/MS-IT-TOF)技术对通心络干预下的抑郁-动脉粥样硬化大鼠的血浆代谢谱进行研究.结果表明,抑郁-动脉粥样硬化模型大鼠体内的氨基酸代谢、脂肪酸的β-氧化、胆固醇代谢及磷脂代谢发生了异常.中药通心络通过调节模型大鼠体内的色氨酸、苯丙氨酸代谢及某些胆汁酸的代谢,抑制大鼠抑郁-动脉粥样硬化的形成.该研究结果表明代谢组学在中药整体性药效评价、作用机理的阐明等方面具有很好的应用前景.     

TBP萃淋树脂分离氢醌容量法测定矿石中的金

矿石中金的分离、富集通常采用活性碳吸附法、聚氨脂型泡沫塑料吸附法、离子交换法、纤维素吸附法、萃取色层分离法等。TBP萃淋树脂分离法是近几年出现的新型的分离方法。该法与其他方法相比具有简单快速,色层柱制备要求不严格,分离效果好等优点。本文拟定了TBP萃淋树脂分离富集金,以氢醌容量法测定矿石中金的方法。经实验证明,该法简单快速,准确度高,选择性较好,适用于矿石中金的测定。     

气泡富集-高效液相色谱法测定地表水样中微量土霉素

建立了气泡富集-高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定地表水样中微量土霉素的方法。采用新型样品前处理方法--气泡富集法,对水溶液中的微量土霉素进行富集,考察了气泡富集条件对富集效果的影响。研究发现,在优化的气泡富集和色谱条件下,土霉素的富集倍数可达37.06,土霉素含量测定的RSD为4.8%（n=11）,LOD为0.038 mg/L。将该方法用于地表水样中土霉素的测定,平均加标回收率为101.9%。可见,气泡富集法对土霉素的富集效果好,能与色谱结合用于地表水样中土霉素的快速、灵敏、准确检测。同时,在进行样品前处理时无需任何有机溶剂,而且装置简单、成本低廉、易操作。可见气泡富集法是一种非常有研究和推广价值的绿色样品前处理方法,有望用于复杂样品中其他微量甚至痕量物质的分析。     

基于单螺旋微流控芯片的细菌气溶胶的高效富集

设计了一种单螺旋通道的聚二甲基硅氧烷(Poly(dimethylsiloxane),PDMS)微流控芯片,用于副溶血性弧菌气溶胶的快速有效富集。该芯片的特征在于其通道呈螺旋分布,且通道内部含有均匀分布的鱼骨形结构。结果表明,在不同富集时间段内,采用该芯片方法捕获的细菌总数均远高于传统落板法。对于传统落板法无法有效捕获的低浓度样本(10~4CFU/mL)的缺陷,该方法的优势在于:芯片内部的螺旋通道可增大对气溶胶中微生物的离心力;鱼骨形结构的设计增加了待测样品与芯片内壁间的接触几率。此外,以无鱼骨形的螺旋芯片作为对照,验证了鱼骨形结构对于高效富集的意义。此芯片设计巧妙、易于制备、高效便携、富集效果较好,在气溶胶污染严重的水产加工等场所具有较大的应用前景。     

Investigation on Effect of Pb Expelling by Nano-Pearl Powder

通过腹腔注射醋酸铅溶液建立大鼠铅中毒模型,用试剂盒法检测了血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量,观察了给铅中毒大鼠喂食纳米珍珠粉后大鼠体内该两项指标的变化,探讨了纳米珍珠粉对铅中毒驱铅的作用效果.结果表明,纳米珍珠粉对铅中毒引起的超氧化物歧化酶活性降低和丙二醛含量升高现象有明显的改善作用,可作为驱铅试剂用于铅中毒的治疗.     

纳米珍珠粉驱铅作用研究

通过腹腔注射醋酸铅溶液建立大鼠铅中毒模型,用试剂盒法检测了血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量,观察了给铅中毒大鼠喂食纳米珍珠粉后大鼠体内该两项指标的变化,探讨了纳米珍珠粉对铅中毒驱铅的作用效果。结果表明,纳米珍珠粉对铅中毒引起的超氧化物歧化酶活性降低和丙二醛含量升高现象有明显的改善作用,可作为驱铅试剂用于铅中毒的治疗。     

快速高分辨液相色谱-质谱联用技术分析2型糖尿病大鼠口服四君子汤的药代动力学

研究四君子汤在2型糖尿病大鼠体内的药代动力学。 将四君子汤水提物以18 g/kg给正常大鼠和2型糖尿病大鼠灌胃,分别在不同时间点取尿液和粪便,检测其成分及代谢产物的含量;比较正常大鼠和2型糖尿病大鼠的药代动力学参数。 采用快速高分辨液相色谱-质谱联用技术对人参皂苷Rc、甘草甜素及其脱糖代谢物进行表征。 结果表明,四君子汤中人参皂苷Rc和甘草甜素在2型糖尿病大鼠体内的累计排泄率均高于正常大鼠,大部分人参皂苷通过尿液排出体外、粪便代谢为稀有人参皂苷;大部分甘草甜素在尿液和粪便中转化为甘草次酸,2型糖尿病大鼠与正常大鼠人参皂苷Rc和甘草甜素的药代动力学参数存在明显差异。 初步总结了四君子汤在体内的药代动力学机制和代谢途径。本分析方法具有高度自动化,灵敏性和准确性,这将有助于四君子汤的临床研究的不断发展。     

镉在雄性泥鳅体内的富集分布

以雄性泥鳅作为模型动物,采用半静水式暴露体系,研究了镉(Cd)在泥鳅体内的富集分布以及17β-雌二醇(E2)对Cd富集分布的影响。研究结果显示,肾脏、肝脏、肠和鳃是Cd在雄性泥鳅体内的主要富集器官,且Cd的富集量呈现明显的时间-效应和剂量-效应关系。肌肉、骨头和性腺中Cd的富集量却很低。并且,E2的共同暴露或预暴露并没有改变Cd的主要富集器官。     

具有近红外光热转换性能的双层氧化硅包覆金纳米花复合材料的制备及体内代谢研究

采用种子生长法和改良Stber法制备了双层氧化硅包覆的金纳米花复合材料,并测试了其近红外光热转换性能,研究了其在裸鼠体内的生物毒性,并以种植了人口腔鳞癌CAL27细胞的荷瘤裸鼠为体内模型,应用光声成像方法研究了其体内分布、代谢和在肿瘤组织的被动靶向富集行为.结果表明,所制备的金纳米花复合材料在近红外光区具有良好的光热转换性能,无明显体内生物毒性,是一种良好的光声成像剂,其在荷瘤裸鼠体内主要经肝脏代谢至肠道排出体外,可通过EPR效应实现在肿瘤组织的靶向富集.本研究证明所制备的双层氧化硅包覆金纳米花复合材料可用于生物体内治疗,可作为包括口腔癌在内的恶性肿瘤近红外光热诊疗的理想介导材料.     

化学修饰硅胶预富集—石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中痕量汞

本文提出了用化学修饰硅胶预富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中痕量汞的方法,讨论了二硫氨基甲酸修饰硅胶的制作和方法的测试条件。该法操作简便、快速、灵敏。100ml水样经预富集后,最低检出限为0.l0ng/ml,其相对标准偏差为4.1％。对四种不同水样的测定,回收率在96.5-107.5％之间。     

ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物中铀的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)对铀污染土壤植物中铀的测定方法进行了研究.在λU385.958 nm处,选择了仪器的最佳工作条件,考察了酸度和常见共存元素对测定的干扰情况,并且对比了干灰化消解和湿式消解对测定的影响.研究发现2%硝酸溶液为最佳介质,干扰离子对测定没有显著影响,干灰化消解比湿式消解得彻底.在选定条件下,方法检出限为0.18 mg·L-1,测定下限为0.61 mg·L-1,5.0000 mg·L-1的铀标准溶液的相对标准偏差RSD(n=10)为0.81%,方法回收率为96.2%～106.2%.该方法操作简单,快速.结果表明,用ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物样品中的铀是可行的.     

测定血清中Na 含量不确定度的评定

对血清中Na离子含量的测量不确定度进行评定。不确定度的来源主要包括Na离子标准工作液的配制过程、血清样品的定容消化制备、标准曲线拟合、钠离子各分量不确定度的合成等引入的不确定度计算出各分量的不确定度,通过合成得到测量结果的合成不确定度、扩展不确定度及测试结果的报告形式。     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Production of radicals in the ozonolysis of propene in air

Radical production in the ozonolysis of propene in air was monitored directly by a peroxy radical chemical amplification (PERCA) instrument at room temperature (298±2 K) and atmospheric pressure (1×105 Pa). The ozonolysis reactions were conducted in a flow tube under pseudo-first-order conditions for ozone. The decay in ozone was calculated based on reaction time tr and effective rate constant keff (keff = k1[C3H6]0)) for the ozone-propene reaction. The total radical yields relative to consumed ozone were d...     

Kinetics of dehydration in chelates of quinones involved in photosystem-II

The solid-state deaquation of thetrans- andcis-oximates of lawsone (I) and phthiocol (II) with cobalt(II) was investigated by means of non-isothermal thermogravimetry. The modes of deaquation during the thermolyses of hydrated oximates of (I) and (II) with compositions CoL₂·2H₂O were compared. The weight lossvs. temperature data were treated by using the Coats and Redfern relations. The kinetic data support a rearrangement-type mechanism for the deaquation of the oximate of phthiocol. TheE _a values for both the ligands and water molecules were found to be 23 kJ/mol.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels nichtisothermer Thermogravimetrie wurde die Dehydratation der trans- und cis-Kobalt(II)-oximate von Lawson (I) und Phthiokol (II) untersucht. Die Arten der Dehydratation während der Thermolyse der hydratierten Oximate von (I) und (II) mit der Zusammensetzung CoL₂·2H₂O wurden verglichen. Bei der Auswertung der Massenverlust-Temperatur-Daten wurden Coats-Redfern Beziehungen angewendet. Die kinetischen Daten bekräftigen einen Umlagerungsmechanismus für die Dehydratation des Oximates von Phthiokol. DieE _a Werte betragen sowohl für die Liganden als auch für Wasser etwa 23 kJ/mol.

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- - (I) (II) . I II CoL₂ · 2₂ . -. . _a , 23 · ^–1

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Use of matrix-modifiers in atomic-absorption determination of chromium in argillites

The direct atomic-absorption determination of chromium in argillites, without preliminary concentration and separation, has been studied. A map of selective flame zones for determining Cr in argillites has been designed. An express method for determining Cr in Estonian argillites has been suggested.     

Effect of vibration in processes of structure formation in polymers

It was shown that the strength characteristics of the samples produced from thermoplastics (low density polyethylene, polyamide 6, Armamid, and polyethylene terephthalate) increase as a result of short vibration treating with a frequency close to that of natural vibrations of the structural elements.