Sorption Purification of Scandium(III) To Remove Zirconium(IV) Impurity in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

A study was made on separation of the Zr(IV) impurity from scandium(III) in hydrochloric acid solutions by sorption with KRF-20t-60 cation exchanger, including sorption kinetics and sorption under dynamic conditions. The sorbent regeneration with 5% ammonium fluoride or 10% potassium carbonate at 22°C was considered.     

Effect of ionizing radiation on the spectral and electrical properties of clean NH3-mercerized cotton fabric strips

Three different types of ion exchangers namely Dowex-50 WX8, AG-2X8 and Chelex-100 are used to study the sorption behavior of Th(IV) and U(VI) from solutions of Arsenazo-I. The sorption behavior of Arsenazo-I itself is also studied. Possible species sorbed on these resins or present in solutions of U(VI)-and Th(IV)-Arsenazo-I at different concentrations and at different hydrogen ion concentrations are identified. From the obtained data, optimal conditions for separating the two elements are recommended. The possibility of individual concentration of Th(IV) and U(VI) as coloured Arsenazo-I complexes on AG-2X8 is evaluated.     

Sorption of Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Ion Exchangers

Sorption of Ni²⁺ions from aqueous solutions by ion exchangers differed in their chemical nature and structure was studied. Based on the endothermic curves of ice melting obtained by a differential scanning calorimetry, the amounts of freezing and non-freezing water present in free volumes (pores) of the studied ion exchangers were calculated. Comparison of results obtained from the kinetic curves of nickel ion sorption with data on differential scanning calorimetry indicates a role of structural factor in the sorption of nickel ions. It was found that, depending on the total amount of freezing and non-freezing water, the KU-2-8 sulfonated cationite is the most preferable ion exchanger for the sorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions. Therefore, sorbent efficiency in this case is determined by its structure rather than by chemical nature.     

Sorption properties of new nitrogen-containing wood-based ion exchangers with respect to gold(III) ions

Sorption properties of new nitrogen-containing wood-based ion exchangers with respect to gold(III) ions were examined in relation to the metal ion concentration in solution, pH of medium, and sorption temperature and time. The rate-limiting steps in the process were identified. The mechanism of sorption of aurate ions from solutions was considered in relation to their acidity.     

Ion-exchange recovery of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) from sulfuric acid solutions

Sorption recovery of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) in their joint presence in sulfuric acid solutions was studied on new samples of domestic ion exchangers of CYBBER brand. It was shown that the ion exchangers under study have a high sorption capacity for ions of both nonferrous metals, depending on the structure of a sorbent and on the acidity of a contacting solution. It was found that, after Co(II) and Ni(II) ions are extracted from weak or strong sulfuric acid solutions, they can be effectively eluted from the ion exchangers under study with a 2 M hydrochloric acid solution to an extent of 85–95% (nickel) and 87–95% (cobalt).     

Ion exchange extraction of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions

Sorption concentration of platinum(II, IV) and palladium(II) from freshly prepared and aged two-yearold hydrochloric acid solutions by a series of anion exchangers with different functional groups and of different physical structure of Purolite and CYBBER grades was studied. The high sorption ability of the ion exchangers in relation to the extracted chlorocomplexes of noble metals is shown. It was demonstrated that palladium(II) from all tested ion exchangers can be completely desorbed with thiourea solutions acidified with hydrochloric acid, while complete desorption of platinum is achieved only from Purolite S 985 anion exchanger of the complexforming type and Purolite A 111 weak base anion exchanger.     

Thermochemical kinetics of the formation of supramolecular compounds of amino acids with carboxylic cation exchangers

The kinetics of sorption of glycine and methionine from aqueous solutions with various acidities on the carboxylic cation exchangers KB-2 and KB-4 in protonated, deprotonated, and copper forms at 298 K was studied by microcalorimetry. In the sorption of the amino acids on the copper forms of the cation exchangers, the heat flux changes its sign. The character of the aliphatic amino acid-carboxylic cation exchanger interparticle interaction depends on the ionic form of the cation exchanger. As determined by the sorption method and IR spectroscopy, the nature of the glycine and methionine sorption sites in the ion exchanger phase changes on passing from the protonated to the copper form of the sorbent.     

Sorption characteristics of uranium onto composite ion exchangers

The composite ion exchangers were tested for their ability to remove UO₂ ²⁺ from aqueous solutions. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composites having natural zeolite, clinoptilolite, and synthetic zeolite, zeolite X, were used as an adsorbents. The influences of pH, U(VI) concentration, temperature and contact time on the sorption behavior of U(VI) were investigated in order to gain a macroscopic understanding of the sorption mechanism. The optimum adsorption conditions were determined for two composites. The sorption behaviors of uranium on both composites from aqueous systems have been studied by batch technique. Parameters on desorption were also investigated to recover the adsorbed uranium.     

Studying the sorption kinetics on peat ions of iron(III) and copper(II) from wastewater

The sorption kinetics on the peat of copper(II) and iron(III) ions from model solutions are studied. The sorption process takes place quickly and is almost complete after 20 minutes. Based on the processing of the experimental absorption curves of the equations of chemical kinetics and diffusion it is established that the sorption process is in the diffusion mode. The stage of the chemical interaction of the metal ions with the functional groups of peat also contributes to the overall speed of the process. The efficiency of the sorption process is determined and the possibility of Using peat as a sorbent for purifying wastewater from the copper( II) and iron(III) ions at industrial sites is shown.     

Sorption of Some Metal Ions on Inorganic Electron and Ion Exchangers Based on Zirconium(IV)

Conditions of sorption of nonferrous metal ions on inorganic electron and ion exchangers based on zirconium(IV) were analyzed. The sorption capacity was evaluated as influenced by pH, concentration, and temperature of the contacting solutions and nature and chemical composition of the ion exchanger.     

Performance of anion exchangers based on aniline,epichlorohydrin, and polyamines in sorption of molybdenum(VI) ions

Polyfunctional anion exchangers based on aniline, epichlorohydrin, and some polyamines were synthesized. The composition and structure of the anion exchangers were studied by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Molybdenum sorption was studied by classical polarography, and dependences of the sorption of molybdenum(VI) ions on the solution acidity, concentration of metal ions, and time of contact of the resins with the Na₂MoO₄ solution were determined in batch experiments. These ion exchangers exhibit high performance in sorption of molybdenum ions. The developed sorbents with increased sorption ability can successfully solve problems of removing molybdenum(VI) ions from process effluents in nonferrous metallurgy.     

Adsorption behaviour of scandium,yttrium, cerium and uranium from xylenol orange solutions onto anionexchange resins

The effects of concentration, pH and anions on the adsorption behaviour of xylenol orange (XO) on the strong anion exchangers, Amberlite IRA-400 and Hitachi 2632 are described. The adsorption behaviour of the XO complexes of Ce(III), Y(III), Sc(III) and U(VI) on the Amberlite IRA-400 resin as a function of XO concentration and pH is reported. A continuous-flow radiometric detector is used to investigate the separations of the Ce(III)—Sc(III), Y(III)—Sc(III), and Ce(III)—Y(III) pairs on the XO-form Hitachi 2632 resin column by pH control. Satisfactory separations of the Ce(III)—Sc(III) and Y(III)—Sc(III) pairs are achieved.     

Use of radioactive indicators for studying the sorption behaviour of polyvalent cations in solution

The soprtion behaviour of Fe(III), Cr(III), Sc(III), Y(III) and U(VI) toward cationite KU-2 and silica gel under hydrolysis condition has been studied. The role of mononuclear and polynuclear hydroxo complexes in sorption is demonstrated and the mechanism of the sorption process is analyzed.     

Sorption studies of radionuclides on argillaceous clays of Cuddapah System

Worldwide argillaceous clays are being studied as promising host rock for nuclear high level waste disposal. Cuddapah argillite is under evaluation for Indian clay rock based repository. Herein characterization of this clay and evaluation for its sorption characteristics towards Cs(I) and Eu(III) has been studied. Surface complexation modeling of Cs(I) sorption on argillaceous clay revealed that Cs(I) is sorbed on high as well as low affinity ion exchange sites. In modeling of Eu(III) sorption data, surface complexes of Eu(III) and europium carbonate species, along with ion exchange reaction, reproduced the sorption profile with ankerite dissolution influencing distribution of various surface complexes.     

Equilibrium sorption of methionine on carboxyl cation exchangers from solutions of various acidities

The influence of the acidity of solutions of methionine on methionine interaction with KB-2 and KB-4 carboxyl cation exchangers in the protonated and deprotonated forms was studied by the calorimetric, sorption, and spectroscopic methods. It was found that nonexchange methionine absorption occurred from acid solutions, and mixed ion exchange and nonexchange sorption, from alkaline solutions. The enthalpies of sorption of methionine at various external solution pH values were determined. Original Russian Text ? D.V. Ovsyannikova, L.P. Bondareva, V.F. Selemenev, S.I. Karpov, 2009, published in Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 2009, Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 961–966.     

New phosphorus-containing sorbents based on wheat straw and glycidyl methacrylate for Hg<Superscript>2+</Superscript> removal

The possibility of preparing new phosphoric acid cation exchangers based on wheat straw and glycidyl methacrylate was explored. The mercury(II) ion sorption properties of the prepared cation exchangers were studied.     

Sorption Kinetics of Ba2+, Cu2+, and Y3+ on KRF-10p Complexing Cation Exchanger

The ion-exchange sorption kinetics of barium, copper, and yttrium on KRF-10p cation exchanger from BaCl₂, CuCl₂, and Y(NO₃)₃ aqueous solutions was studied. The ionic diffusion coefficients were determined as a function of temperature and concentration.     

Concentration, separation and determination of scandium, zirconium, hafnium and thorium with a silica-based sulphonic acid cation-exchanger

A study has been made of the dependence of the sorption of scandium, zirconium, hafnium and thorium from aqueous solutions with a silica-based sulphonic cation-exchanger (SCE-SiO(2)) on the concentration and nature of the acid medium, time of contact, concentration of the element, and the ionic strength. The selectivity decreases in the order Zr approximately Hf > Th > Sc > Fe(III). The sorption characteristics of silica gel and SCE-SiO(2) have been compared, and the sorption mechanism is discussed. The SCE-SiO(2) exchanger has been used for 100-fold concentration of scandium, zirconium, hafnium and thorium from their 10(-8)-10(-7) M solutions, and a spectrophotometric method has been developed for their determination with a detection limit of 0.5 ng/ml for Zr and Sc and 0.1 ng/ml for Hf and Th. Zirconium and hafnium have been determined in the solvent phase by X-ray fluorescence and atomic-emission methods.     

Preparation of sorbents based on chitosan and its sulfoethyl derivative for sorption of perrhenate ions

The ability of cross-linked chitosan to take up perrhenate ions was studied systematically. The degree of sorption from acetate buffer solution at pH in the interval 2.8–3.1 reaches 85% and more. N-Sulfoethylation decreases the sorption ability of chitosan, but expands the pH interval of sorption and shifts the optimum pH value toward higher acidities. The sorption materials exhibit higher sorption rate than standard synthetic ion exchangers do. The data obtained suggest predominant ion-exchange mechanism of sorption of perrhenate ions onto chitosan and its sulfoethyl derivative.     

Comparison of Fibrous Carboxylic Ion Exchangers in Water Treatment to Remove Heavy Metal Ions

Treatment of drinking water to remove heavy metal ions Pb^{2 +}, Cu^{2 +}, Cd^{2 +}, Co^{2 +}, Ni^{2 +}, and Zn^{2 +} with commercial fibrous carboxylic ion exchangers FIBAN Kh-1, K-3, K-4, and K-5 was studied. Features of metal ion sorption from two-component solutions were determined. A comparative evaluation of the sorption selectivity of FIBAN fibrous ion exchangers with respect to heavy metal ions was made.