UKF滤波技术在AUV组合导航中的应用研究

高精度的导航定位是AUV研究中所面临的主要挑战之一。采用GPS辅助的INS／DVL组合导航是目前AUV的主流导航模式。当前实现GPS／INS／DVL组合导航的技术主要有航迹推算(DR)和卡尔曼滤波。中将UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)滤波技术应用于AUV组合导航，并把UKF与传统的DR和EKF(Extended Kalman filter)方法进行了仿真比较研究。仿真结果表明，UKF在计算量上与EKF相当，但是UKF的位置、航向估计精度都要优于DR和EKF。     

基于UKF的GPS/SINS伪距(伪距率)组合导航系统设计

采用位置、速度组合的GPS/SINS组合导航系统由于GPS各量测量之间的相关性,影响了组合导航的整体精度.为了提高组合导航的精度和可靠性,采用了直接利用GPS接收机原始测量信息伪距、伪距率的组合方式.UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)是针对非线性模型的滤波方法,它避免了对非线性方程线性化的过程,具有较高的精度和较好的鲁棒性.将UKF滤波方法应用于伪距、伪距率的组合导航系统中,并将UKF与卡尔曼滤波和自适应滤波方法进行了仿真比较研究.实验结果表明,UKF位置、航向估计的精度都要优于卡尔曼滤波和自适应滤波,使整个导航系统具有更高的精度和可靠性.     

信息融合技术在水下组合导航系统中的应用

以捷联惯性导航系统作为组合导航系统的主导航设备,地形匹配、多普勒测速仪等为辅助导航设备,分析了S1NS、DVL以及地形辅助导航系统等的工作原理并建立输出误差模型,利用联邦Kalman滤波技术对水下组合导航系统进行信息融合,建立了水下组合导航系统联邦滤波器的观测方程和量测方程,并进行计算机软件仿真实验.仿真结果表明:使用联邦卡尔曼滤波的水下组合导航系统导航状态输出精度满足水下航行器高精度高可靠性的要求.该水下组合导航系统能够得到较高精度的位置、速度和姿态信息,提高了水下航行器远距离长时间导航的精度.     

基于联邦滤波的INS/GPS/CNS位置、姿态组合算法

为了充分利用姿态量测信息来提高组合导航系统的姿态精度,以联邦滤波为基础,研究了以姿态和位置信息作为观测量的多信息融合导航技术,提出了位置、姿态组合模型,并详细推导了基于联邦滤波的位置、姿态组合算法的观测矩阵的具体形式,最后对系统进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,基于联邦滤波的位置、姿态组合滤波算法能够给出正确的INS误差的估计值,且估计精度较高,平台水平误差角的估计误差控制在10″以内,平台方位误差角的估计误差控制在20″以内,有效地提高组合导航系统的姿态精度.     

低成本车载GPS/INS组合导航姿态角更新算法

低成本INS系统的元件误差严重影响INS导航精度.针对车载系统,提出一种低成本车载GPS/INS组合导航姿态角更新算法.首先在GPS/INS组合导航Kalman滤波方程基础上,给出两种姿态角更新的观测方程.然后给出利用GPS测速确定航向角的原理,并且对低成本车载INS系统的俯仰角和翻滚角进行了分析,指出由INS随机误差造成的俯仰角和翻滚角误差比其本身量值要大,建议令俯仰角和翻滚角数值保持不变.利用实测算例确定了不同速度下的航向角精度,并且验证了该算法的有效性,以及相对于基于位置、速度组合的Kalman滤波,导航精度有明显提高.     

智能Kalman滤波在水下地形组合导航系统中的应用

为了避免现实环境的动态变化对水下航行器系统模型造成的随机干扰影响,保证水下航行器长时间导航精度的稳定性,提出了利用RBF神经网络辅助联邦Kalman滤波方法对SINS/TAN/DVL/MCP组合导航系统进行信息融合。给出了各子导航系统的误差模型,通过足够精度的样本对前向神经网络进行离线训练,建立神经网络控制模型。仿真结果表明,该方法可使水下航行器的系统状态在较短的时间内以较高的精度达到稳定。通过与联邦Kalman滤波结果对比表明,采用智能控制方法辅助的信息融合方式的导航定位精度提高了一倍,能有效提高常规联邦Kalman滤波器的自适应能力,达到减小误差,提高精度的目的。     

光纤罗经和卫星测姿的组合导航算法

为了提高光纤罗经和卫星测姿的组合导航精度和系统稳定性,提出了一种光纤罗经/卫星测姿的组合导航算法。首先分别对光纤罗经、卫星测姿和组合系统的误差进行了数学建模,以姿态作为组合系统的观测量,建立了组合系统的状态方程和观测方程。然后,给出了一种改进的Kalman滤波器,这种滤波器不但能够保证滤波器稳定可靠,防止滤波发散,还提高了准确度,有助于提高组合导航精度。最后,通过静态试验和动态跑车试验得出,光纤罗经/卫星测姿组合导航系统的航向角误差在0.1°以内;通过极区航行实验得出,船舶在高纬度航行中组合导航系统航向角误差在0.5°以内。     

一种SINS/GNSS级联闭环反馈式组合导航系统的设计与研究

对于目前的级联式SINS／GNSS组合导航系统来说，其卡尔曼滤波器的输出校正方式不能深入到捷联解算内部，无法抑制平台姿态误差的发散，也无法校正惯性器件误差，因而在该方式长时间运行不能控制滤波发散，导舷精度随时间下降。为此设计了一种SINS／GNSS级联闭环反馈式组合导航系统，该系统能对SINS的位置、速度误差、平台误差及惯性器件误差作出最优估计并实施反馈。通过仿真证明：该系统不仅能提高导航解的精度，还在校准的同时具有动机座对准能力，满足了长时间导航定位的稳定性。     

机载SAR用的GPS/SINS组合导航系统研究

提出了进行SINS姿态校正的四元补偿算法。采用闭环KF（卡尔曼滤波）技术实时校正惯性仪表误差，补偿四元数误差，修正位置，速度误差，GPS／SINS组合导航系统样机的试验结果表明：采用该提出的算法后，组合导航精度较高，在组合导航过程中若去掉GPS信息，短时间内纯SINS的导航精度很高，能够满足SAR对运动补偿精度的要求，待恢复GPS信息后，组合导航系统继续正常工作。     

状态变换卡尔曼滤波的进一步解释及应用

针对速度误差定义的坐标系一致性,对状态变换卡尔曼滤波(ST-EKF)的合理性作出了进一步的解释,并将其应用于捷联惯导的初始对准及组合导航。为提高陀螺仪、加速度计的零偏误差估计效果,初始对准和组合导航过程采用统一的15状态滤波器。"单"位置精对准实验表明,由于在基座振动的环境下误差状态不完全可观,传统卡尔曼滤波会有随时间增长航向角估计误差反而逐渐发散的情况出现,而状态变换卡尔曼滤波的航向角估计结果相对稳定。激光陀螺IMU和光纤陀螺IMU的3 min双位置对准实验均表明,在同样的卡尔曼滤波预测和更新频率下,状态变换卡尔曼滤波的航向角估计精度要比传统卡尔曼滤波提高45%以上。激光陀螺IMU/卫星和MEMS-IMU/卫星组合导航跑车实验均表明,多处断开卫星信号的情况下,状态变换卡尔曼滤波组合导航系统具有更高的定位精度。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

Preface

This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1-3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organised by the University of Leeds in collaboration with Chinese Society of Particuology, Particle Technology Subject Group （PTSG） of the Institution of Chemical Engineers （IChemE）, Particle Characterisation Interest Group （PCIG） of the Royal Society of Chemistry （RSC） and International Fine Particle Research Institute （IFPRI）. The forum was supported financially by the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council （EPSRC） of United Kingdom,     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.