Novel recognition mechanisms in biological adhesion

Molecular recognition is generally thought of in terms of bond formation between unique sites on host and complementary guest molecules, but recent studies have revealed new complexities in biological recognition at cell. Adhesion between cell surfaces similarly involves specific interactions between analogous ligands and receptors. Recent force measurements, however, suggest that cell adhesion proteins may bind via multiple interaction sites that can form in a sequential manner. Other studies further show that in some instances, the principal recognition event may not be receptor–ligand docking, but the assembly of a complex pattern of many receptors and ligands.     

电化学发光免疫检测技术研究进展

本文介绍了电化学发光的发展状况和最新研究方向,综述了近年来电化学发光免疫检测技术的应用和研究进展,并展望了电化学发光免疫检测技术的发展前景.     

Tetrapodal receptors for selective fluorescent sensing of AMP: analyte-induced conformational restriction to persuade fluorescence enhancement

An imine linked fluorescent receptor for AMP has been synthesized with both hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor motifs as recognition sites in the design of a receptor. The receptor recognizes AMP selectively over a number of tested anions and biomolecules such as ADP and ATP, as illustrated through fluorescent enhancement.     

OVID and SUPER: Two overlap programs for drug design

Summary Two programs, OVID and SUPER, for exploring the similarity of molecules with respect to their action at a receptor are described. OVID accepts two molecules as input and optimizes the three-dimensional overlap of specified atoms in one molecule with specified atoms in the second molecule. The result is expressed as a percent of the theoretical maximum. OVID gives a quantitative measure of the extent of a guessed correspondence between two molecules based on volume overlap of selected atoms. The Achilles' heel of OVID is that the correspondence between the two molecules has to be guessed. We realized that it would be better to systematically examine all possible correspondences of two structures to minimize the chance of overlooking a superior correspondence. We created SUPER to satisfy this need. SUPER accepts two molecules as input and finds the top twenty correspondences of their surfaces and charge distributions, giving a quantitative measure of the extent of each correspondence. An instructive example of the application of OVID and SUPER to the design of leukotriene D₄ receptor antagonists is described. SUPER appears to be a practical brainstorming tool for the medicinal chemist trying to understand how molecules whose structures may not resemble one another in an obvious way can bind to the same site.     

Recent advances in electrochemiluminescence imaging analysis based on nanomaterials and micro-/nanostructures

In this review, the basic principles and apparatus of ECL imaging were briefly introduced at first. Then several latest and representative applications of ECL imaging based on nanomaterials and micro-/nanostructures were overviewed. Finally, the superiorities and challenges in ECL imaging for further development were discussed.     

单细胞成像观测研究进展

综述了近几年各种研究手段如STM,AFM和NOSM等在单细胞成像观测方面的研究进展,并对细胞成像观测的历史、现状及发展趋势作了综述。     

Facile One‐Step Syntheses of Modified O‐Glycoprotein Galβ1‐3GalNAc Structures by Transglycosylation Employing Three β‐Galactosidases from Bovine Testes,Xanthomonas manihotis,and Bacillus circulans *

Natural O‐glycoproteins such as the Thomsen‐Friedenreich antigen or gangliosides contain the motif Galβ1‐3GalNAc as an important disaccharide with significant biologic activity. The arrangement of spatial functionalities in this structure are of particular interest with regard to the development of potential leads en route to pharmaceuticals. Therefore, it was desired to obtain access to a range of modified derivatives of the aforementioned motif paying particular attention to introducing specific deoxy functions instead of hydroxyl groups.     

Recent advances in electrochemiluminescence imaging analysis based on nanomaterials and micro-/nanostructures

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a kind of luminescent phenomenon caused by electrochemical reactions. Based on the advantages of ECL including low background, high sensitivity, strong spatiotemporal controllability and simple operation, ECL imaging is able to visualize the ECL process, which can additionally achieve high throughput, fast and visual analysis. With the development of optical imaging technique, ECL imaging at micro- or nanoscale has been successfully applied in immunoassay, cell imaging, biochemical analysis, single-nanoparticle detection and study of mechanisms and kinetics of reactions, which has attracted extensive attention. In this review, the basic principles and apparatus of ECL imaging were briefly introduced at first. Then several latest and representative applications of ECL imaging based on nanomaterials and micro-/nanostructures were overviewed. Finally, the superiorities and challenges in ECL imaging for further development were discussed.     

Thiourea-isothiouronium conjugate for strong and selective binding of very hydrophilic H2PO4 anion at the 1,2-dichloroethane-water interface

Potential use of a surfactant-like receptor is demonstrated at the 1,2-dichloroethane-water interface for strong and selective binding of H₂PO₄⁻ over Br⁻ and Cl⁻. The analysis by interfacial tensiometry reveals that the interfacial adsorption of a thiourea-isothiouronium conjugate, BT-C₁, is significantly stabilized by the binding of H₂PO₄⁻ with the adsorption constant of 1.7 × 10⁵ M⁻¹ while the interfacial adsorptivity of this receptor is relatively moderate for Br⁻ (0.81 × 10⁵ M⁻¹) and Cl⁻ (0.63 × 10⁵ M⁻¹). Such complexation-induced interfacial adsorption behaviors of BT-C₁ are discussed as a basis for the development of receptor-based chemical sensors for phosphate anions.     

人工调控细胞表面受体聚集状态及功能

从利用物理刺激和生物大分子诱导两个方面综述了人工调控细胞表面受体聚集状态的策略.前者是利用相应的纳米材料在光、磁场、温度等物理刺激作用下实现人工调控受体聚集;后者则利用包括蛋白/多肽类分子、核酸在内的生物分子的自组装对其靶向识别的受体进行人工调控.系统介绍了相关研究领域取得的最新进展,并阐述和展望了该领域现存的挑战和发展方向.     

Branched Multimeric Peptides as Affinity Reagents for the Detection of α-Klotho Protein

α-Klotho, an aging-related protein found in the kidney, parathyroid gland, and choroid plexus, acts as an essential co-receptor with the fibroblast growth factor 23 receptor complex to regulate serum phosphate and vitamin D levels. Decreased levels of α-Klotho are a hallmark of age-associated diseases. Detecting or labeling α-Klotho in biological milieu has long been a challenge, however, hampering the understanding of its role. Here, we developed branched peptides by single-shot parallel automated fast-flow synthesis that recognize α-Klotho with improved affinity relative to their monomeric versions. These peptides were further shown to selectively label Klotho for live imaging in kidney cells. Our results demonstrate that automated flow technology enables rapid synthesis of complex peptide architectures, showing promise for future detection of α-Klotho in physiological settings.     

双光子敏化Eu3+高效发光活细胞成像纳米生物探针

将Eu(tta)₃dpbt (dpbt: 2-(N,N-diethylanilin-4-yl)-4,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine; tta:thenoyltrifluoroacetonato)包埋在甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物、正辛基三甲氧基硅及其水解缩合产物组成的杂化基质中, 制备了Eu(tta)₃dpbt 质量分数为40%的荧光纳米粒子, 其平均粒径为45 nm. 所制备的发光纳米粒子在水中分散稳定性高、光稳定性好、细胞毒性低、长波敏化Eu³⁺发光性能优良, 适宜作为生物分析的发光标记物. 所制备的发光纳米粒子的可见区激发峰位于415 nm, 激发峰尾部延展至475 nm, 其发光量子产率为0.31(λ_ex=415 nm, T=23 ℃), 最大双光子激发作用截面为5.0×10⁵ GM (λ_ex=830 nm, 1 GM=10^-50 cm⁴·s·photo^-1×particle^-1). 以转铁蛋白修饰上述发光纳米粒子表面制备的纳米生物探针被成功应用于活的HeLa肿瘤细胞的特异性标记和双光子激发Eu³⁺发光成像.