超薄超导YBa2Cu3O7薄膜的外延生长和电阻温度关系

利用紫外脉冲激光源淀积生长氧化物薄膜的技术，我们在ＳｉＴｉＯ３衬底上成功地外延生长了超薄超导ＹＢａ０．２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７薄膜样品．样品ＹＢａ０．２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７层厚度分别为２．４ｎｍ至１０．８ｎｍ（二至九个原胞）．四端引线电阻法测量了样品的电阻温度关系和超导转变．超导零电阻温度分别为１６Ｋ至８１Ｋ．超薄超导薄膜样品显示当ＹＢａ０．２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７层厚度达到和超过四个原胞层厚（９．６ｎｍ）时，厚度变化对样品超导零电阻转变的影响并不十分明显．实验观察到ＹＢａ０．２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７层厚度对样品超导零电阻温度和超导起始转变影响不同．这说明样品中的缺陷对样品性能有着不容忽视的影响．超薄ＹＢａ０．２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７超导薄膜样品的成功制备为进一步的研究提供了有利条件．     

强磁场下（YBa2Cu3O7）24／（PrBa2Cu3O7）2多层膜的电阻转变展宽

本文研究了不同磁场位形下（ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７）２４／（ＰｒＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７）２多层膜的电阻转变展宽，结果表明电阻转变展宽性质主要由磁场和多层膜ｃ轴的相对位形决定，而与磁场和所加电流的相对取向无关。有效钉扎势和磁场的关系表明，Ｈ‖ａｂ时，Ｕ０∝Ｈ＾－α，Ｈ‖ｃ时，Ｕ０∝ｌｎＨ。这种三维－二维（３Ｄ－２Ｄ）转变，可以归因于ＹＢＣＯ／ＰｒＢＣＯ和ＹＢＣＯ层厚度处于３Ｄ－２Ｄ转变厚度范围所致。     

La_(1-x)Ca_xMnO_3的巨磁电阻效应

通过测量Ｌａ２／３Ｃａ１／３ＭｎＯ３，Ｌａ０．６Ｃａ０．４ＭｎＯ３单相多晶样品的磁电阻、电阻与温度的依赖关系，发现在Ｌａ１－ｘＣａｘＭｎＯ３体系中随ｘ的变化，其磁电阻峰和电阻峰都发生了位移．作者认为体系中Ｍｎ４＋含量是受Ｃａ含量调制的，正是Ｍｎ４＋含量的变化，导致磁性结构发生转变．基于Ｚｅｎｅｒ的双交换机制，对实验结果给出了满意的解释     

对含Y_2O_3和Gd_2O_3的La_2O_3-B_2O_3-BaO玻璃化学稳定性研究

本文研究了含Ｙ２Ｏ３和Ｇｄ２Ｏ３的Ｌａ２Ｏ３－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＢａＯ玻璃的耐水性和耐酸性。结果表明，比硅酸盐玻璃化学稳定性差的Ｌａ２Ｏ３－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＢａＯ玻璃，可以适量的用Ｙ２Ｏ３和Ｇｄ２Ｏ３取代Ｌａ２Ｏ３，可得以改善     

掺镁YFeO3固溶体的电导和气敏性能研究

用化学共沉淀法制备了复合氧化物ＹＦｅＯ３镁掺杂固溶体Ｙ１－ＭｇｘＦｅＯ３气敏半导体材料,并对其相组成、电导和气敏性能进行了研究。结果表明：Ｍｇ＾２＋在ＹＦｅＯ３的Ａ位固溶范围为０≤ｘ≤０．８;电导测量显示,该Ｐ型固溶材料电导突变较纯相ＹＦｅＯ３低１００℃以上;９００℃以下灼烧４ｈ所得的Ｙ０．９４Ｍｇ０．０６ＦｅＯ３粉料制作的元件在２５７℃时对乙醇灵敏度最高,对４．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙醇的灵敏度高达４４     

纳米（Li2AO4）1—x—（ZrO2）x固体电解质陶瓷

用溶液凝胶共混法制备了纳米级的Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４－ＺｒＯ２复合固体电解质陶瓷。在复合陶瓷中，Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４、ＺｒＯ２的晶粒平均尺寸分别为４５、２７ｎｍ。晶粒尺寸的纳米化在材料中引入了大量的界面结构和表面结构。研究了掺不同量的纳米ＺｒＯ２第二相对Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４相变温度、相变行为及体系电导的影响，在纳米ＺｒＯ２作用下，Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４的相变温度可以降低１４０℃。在适当配比时，在５４０℃其离子电导可达到０．２Ｓ／ｃｍ     

钕与3—甲氧基苯甲酸和邻菲罗啉三元配合物的合成及光谱表征

合成了新的三元固体配合物ＮｄＬ３；ｐＨｅｎ．Ｈ２Ｏ对所合成的配合物进行了元素分析，摩尔电导，红外，可见－紫外光谱，核磁共振谱的测定与表征，初步研究了配合物的组成结构和性质。     

ICP—AES法直接测定高纯Eu2O3中14种稀土元素

建立了ＩＰＣ－ＡＥＳ测定高纯Ｅｕ２Ｏ３中１４种稀土元素的方法，用正交设计法优化仪器测量条件，实验了基体Ｅｕ２Ｏ３对被测元素的干扰和对方法测定下限的影响。１４个稀土元素的测定下限为：Ｙｂ２Ｏ３０．５μｇ．ｇ＾－１，Ｙ２Ｏ３１μｇ．ｇ＾－１，Ｄｙ２Ｏ３，Ｈｏ２Ｏ３，Ｔｍ２Ｏ３和Ｎｄ２Ｏ３５μｇ．ｇ＾－１、Ｇｄ２Ｏ３、Ｓｍ２Ｏ３、Ｅｒ２Ｏ３、Ｃｅ２Ｏ３、Ｐｒ６Ｏ１１和Ｌａ２Ｏ３１０μｇ．ｇ＾－１，Ｌｕ２     

Y_(1-x)Pr_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)膜1/f噪声的研究

我们在８０～３００Ｋ温区测量了电阻随温度变化行为十分不同的Ｙ１－ｘＰｒｘＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－δ（ｘ＝０，０．２，０．５，１）膜的１／ｆ噪声，发现Ｐｒ含量对样品噪声水平没有明显的影响．我们还将实验结果与Ｄｕｔａ－Ｈｏｒｎ热激活模型进行了比较．发现ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－δ膜符合较好，ＰｒＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－δ膜定量上有较大差别．     

Y_2O_3和Gd_2O_3对含La_2O_3硼酸盐玻璃析晶性能的影响

用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）、Ｘ射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）方法研究了Ｙ２Ｏ３和Ｇｄ２Ｏ３对７０Ｂ２Ｏ３２５Ｌａ２Ｏ３５ＺｎＯ（ｍｏｌ％）玻璃析晶性能的影响；用梯温炉测定比较了Ｙ２Ｏ３和Ｇｄ２Ｏ３对玻璃失透倾向的影响；用红外光谱（ＩＲ）研究了Ｙ２Ｏ３和Ｇｄ２Ｏ３在玻璃中的结构作用。结果表明，适量用Ｙ２Ｏ３或Ｇｄ２Ｏ３取代Ｌａ２Ｏ３可以减轻玻璃的失透倾向，但没有改变玻璃的析晶相。玻璃的析晶相是ＬａＢ３Ｏ６，Ｙ２Ｏ３和Ｇｄ２Ｏ３在玻璃结构中为网络修饰体。玻璃的折射率ｎｄ高于１．７０，色散系数υ低于５５。     

Observation of weak-limit quasiparticle scattering via broadband microwave spectroscopy of a d-wave superconductor

There has long been a discrepancy between microwave conductivity measurements in high temperature superconductors and the conductivity spectrum expected in the simplest models for impurity scattering in a d-wave superconductor. Here we present a new type of broadband measurement of microwave surface resistance that finally shows some of the spectral features expected for a d(x2-y2) pairing state. Cusp-shaped conductivity spectra, consistent with weak impurity scattering of nodal quasiparticles, were obtained in the 0.6-21 GHz frequency range in highly ordered crystals of YBa2Cu3O6.50 and YBa2Cu3O6.99.     

内嵌微流道低温共烧陶瓷基板传热性能（英）

随着系统级封装（SIP）所容纳的电子元器件和集成密度迅速增加,传统的散热方法（热通孔、风冷散热等）越来越难以满足系统级封装的热管理需求。低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC）作为常见的封装基板材料之一,设计并研制了三种内嵌于LTCC基板的微流道,其中包括直排型、蛇型和螺旋型微流道（高度为0.3 mm,宽度分别为0.4, 0.5和0.8 mm）。通过数值仿真和红外热像仪测试相结合的方式分析了微流道网络结构、流体质量流量、雷诺数、材料热导率对内嵌微流道LTCC基板换热性能的影响,实验结果表明:当去离子水的流量为10 mL/min,热源等效功率为2 W/cm2时,直排型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在3.1 kPa输入泵压差下能降低75.4 ℃,蛇型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在85.8 kPa输入泵压差下能降低80.2 ℃,螺旋型微流道的LTCC基板最高温度在103.1 kPa输入泵压差下能降低86.7 ℃。在三种微流道中,直排型微流道具有最小的雷诺数,在相同的输入泵压差下有最好的散热性能。窄的直排型微流道（0.4 mm）在相同的流道排布密度和流体流量时比宽的微流道（0.8 mm）能多降低基板温度10 ℃。此外,提高封装材料的热导率有助于提高微流道的换热性能。     

Effect of nanofluids on thin film evaporation in microchannels

A thin film evaporation model based on the augmented Young–Laplace equation and kinetic theories was developed to describe the nanofluid effects on the extended evaporating meniscus in a microchannel. The nanofluid effects include the structural disjoining pressure, a thin porous coating layer at the surface formed by the nanoparticle deposition and the thermophysical property variations compared with the base fluid. The results show that the nanofluid thermal conductivity enhancement mainly due to the Brownian motion tends to greatly increase the liquid film thickness and the thin film heat transfer. The structural disjoining pressure effect tends to enhance the nanofluid spreading capability and the thin film evaporation. The nanoparticle-deposited porous coating layer improves the surface wettability while significantly reducing the thin film evaporation with increasing layer thickness due to the thermal resistance across this layer. The nanofluid thermal conductivity enhancement together with the structural disjoining pressure effect can not counteract the thermal resistance effects of the porous coating layer when the coating layer thickness is sufficiently large.     

The effects of different nano particles of Al2O3 and Ag on the MHD nano fluid flow and heat transfer in a microchannel including slip velocity and temperature jump

The forced convection of nanofluid flow in a long microchannel is studied numerically according to the finite volume approach and by using a developed computer code. Microchannel domain is under the influence of a magnetic field with uniform strength. The hot inlet nanofluid is cooled by the heat exchange with the cold microchannel walls. Different types of nanoparticles such as Al₂O₃ and Ag are examined while the base fluid is considered as water. Reynolds number are chosen as Re=10 and Re=100. Slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions are simulated along the microchannel walls at different values of slip coefficient for different amounts of Hartmann number. The investigation of magnetic field effect on slip velocity and temperature jump of nanofluid is presented for the first time. The results are shown as streamlines and isotherms; moreover the profiles of slip velocity and temperature jump are drawn. It is observed that more slip coefficient corresponds to less Nusselt number and more slip velocity especially at larger Hartmann number. It is recommended to use Al₂O₃-water nanofluid instead of Ag-water to increase the heat transfer rate from the microchannel walls at low values of Re. However at larger amounts of Re, the nanofluid composed of nanoparticles with higher thermal conductivity works better.     

Electronic inhomogeneity and breakdown of the universal thermal conductivity of cuprate superconductors

We report systematic, high-precision measurements of the low-T (down to 70 mK) thermal conductivity kappa of YBa2Cu3O(y), La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4, and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+delta). Careful examinations of the Zn- and hole-doping dependences of the residual thermal conductivity kappa0/T, as well as the in-plane anisotropy of kappa0/T in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+delta), indicate a breakdown of the universal thermal conductivity, a notable theoretical prediction for d-wave superconductors. Our results point to an important role of electronic inhomogeneities, which are not considered in the standard perturbation theory for thermal conductivity, in the underdoped to optimally doped regime.     

三代微光管防离子反馈Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 膜电子轰击放气成分分析

为了解决防离子反馈Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜污染对三代微光管ＧａＡｓ光电阴极灵敏度的影响,用四级质谱计对制管超高真空室残气、无膜微通道板（ＭＣＰ）和带Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜ＭＣＰ在电子轰击时的放气成份进行分析。结果表明,带Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜ＭＣＰ放出有对阴极光电发射有害的Ｃ、ＣＯ、ＣＯ２、ＮＯ、Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＣXＨY化合物,它们来源于Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜制备过程的质量污染。经过对制膜工艺质量进行改进,制备出了放气量小于２１０－９ Ｐａ且无ＣＸＨＹ化合物气体的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜。     

Methane steam reforming in an annular microchannel with Rh/Al2O3 catalyst

Regularities of methane conversion in the presence of water steam were obtained experimentally while activating chemical conversions on the inner convex wall of an annular microchannel. The steam methane reforming was done on the Rh/Al₂O₃ nanocatalyst with the heat applied through the microchannel gap from the outer wall. Concentrations of the products of chemical reactions in the outlet gas mixture are measured at different temperatures of the outer microchannel wall. The range of channel wall temperatures at which the ratio of hydrogen and carbon oxide in the outlet mixture grows substantially is determined. Data on the composition of methane conversion products for the ratio H₂O/CH₄ = 1.77 and the activation energy of methane steam reforming at reactor outer wall temperatures of up to 880°C are obtained. The effect of the radiation heat exchange and the external diffuse limitation on the rate of chemical conversions in methane steam reforming in an annular microchannel with external heat supply is determined.     

基于康托尔分形微通道流动与传热的模拟

高密度、 小体积和高集成的电子元器件散热困难, 易造成过早失效, 采用微通道换热器可以实现小体积内高热流的散热, 但流动阻力很大. 为了保证传热效果, 降低流动阻力, 本文提出了一种新型的微通道结构并对其流动与传热特性进行了数值模拟. 首先研究了微通道形状和结构, 模拟结果表明: 进出口截面宽高比为0.8 的矩形微通道的换热效果最好; 并在此基础上提出一种康托尔分型凹槽结构, 研究了有无康托尔分形以及不同分形级数对流动与传热性能的影响, 综合对比发现: 第二级康托尔分形模型 N2 既能保证热阻显著降低, 又能相比阵列结构降低压降, 具有明显的换热优势; 最后对这种康托尔分形结构的凹槽形状, 尺寸及不同方向上的分形进行研究, 结果表明梯形凹槽的下上表面长度比b/a 为0.6 、 流动方向分形比fx 为1 .25 和通道高度方向分形比fy 为1 .5 时换热流动性能最佳.     

磁性聚苯胺纳米微球的合成与表征

报道了具有核壳结构的Fe3 O4 聚苯胺磁性纳米微球的合成方法和表征结果 .微球同时具有导电性和磁性能 .在优化的实验条件下 ,可得到饱和磁化强度Ms 为 5 5 .4emu/g ,矫顽力Hc 为 6 2Oe的磁性微球 .微球的导电性随着微球中Fe含量的增加而下降 .微球的磁性能则随着Fe含量的增加而增大 .Fe3 O4 磁流体的粒径和磁性聚苯胺微球的粒径均在纳米量级 .纳米Fe3 O4 粒子能够提高复合物的热性能 .实验表明 ,磁流体和聚苯胺之间可能存在着一定的相互作用 ,但这种相互作用较为复杂 ,难于研究 .     

Dopability, intrinsic conductivity, and nonstoichiometry of transparent conducting oxides

Existing defect models for In(2)O(3) and ZnO are inconclusive about the origin of conductivity, nonstoichiometry, and coloration. We apply systematic corrections to first-principles calculated formation energies Delta H, and validate our theoretical defect model against measured defect and carrier densities. We find that (i) intrinsic acceptors ("electron killers") have a high Delta H explaining high n-dopability, (ii) intrinsic donors ("electron producers") have either a high Delta H or deep levels, and do not cause equilibrium-stable conductivity, (iii) the O vacancy V(O) has a low Delta H leading to O deficiency, and (iv) V(O) has a metastable shallow state, explaining the paradoxical coexistence of coloration and conductivity.