一种新颖的瞄准线高精度稳定补偿方法研究

在粗精组合二级稳定的基础上,利用光学系数λ＝1的光学元件,通过稳定光学元件本身达到瞄准线稳定的目的,提出并采用低带宽的镜稳回路设计方案,有效抑制了高频扰动,瞄准线稳定精度提高近一个数量级。     

用Ф／I计算并联电路自感系数的条件

回路自感系数的定义Ｌ＝Ф／Ｉ原本只适用于细导线回路，通过对并联电路自感系数的计算分析得出推论：当复杂电路中各闭合电流线中的磁通相等时，可以用一电流线中的磁通作为回路的磁通，按Ｌ＝Ф／Ｉ计算自感系。该结果也可推广应用到互感系数的计算。     

用Φ／I计算并联电路自感系数的条件

回路自感系数的定义Ｌ＝Φ／Ｉ原本只适用于细导线回路，通过对并联电路自感系数的计算分析得出推论：当复杂电路中各闭合电流线中的磁通相等时，可以用一电流线中的磁通作为回路的磁通，按Ｌ＝Φ／Ｉ计算自感系数，该结果也可推广应用到互感系数的计算．     

光电跟踪伺服系统中光纤陀螺滤波算法的应用

光纤陀螺作为光电跟踪伺服系统速度稳定回路的反馈测量元件,它的输出噪声直接影响伺服系统低速跟踪情况下的控制精度。抑制陀螺的输出噪声是改善伺服系统低速特性的有效手段之一。采用了一种简化的卡尔曼α-β滤波算法,使伺服系统的低速精度指标由原来采用移动平均滤波的0．0052°／s提高到0．0026°／s。实验证明,该算法可以有效地改善伺服系统的跟踪特性。     

常见电路分析方法的比较

常见的电路有许多种，最简单的是单回路电路，还有多个回路的，对于多个回路电路，有的能用比较简单的串并联方法简化为单回路电路，然而有的则不然，或则不能用串并联方法化简为单回路电路，或则能化简也相当复杂，这种回路称为复杂电路．     

基于谷拓扑边界波导实现可重构嵌套式光子环路

构建了一种多层嵌套的谷拓扑光子回路结构，直接通过倏逝场的耦合实现回路间的能量传递。每个回路都有自己的共振频率，通过对光源频率和位置的调节，可以选择性地激发单层或多层回路的共振模式，进而实现对光波传输路径的调控。与同类型的研究结果相比，所设计结构没有采用引入缺陷形成谐振腔的方法，而是保留了谷光子晶体结构的完整性，具有共振和波导传输的双重特征，从而增加了传输信道的密度。研究结果在可重构光子传输波导领域具有较大的应用价值。     

蓝光相变光盘的多层膜结构设计

为了使光盘获得优良的记录／读出性能并能够长期稳定地使用，必须优化设计相变光盘的多层膜结构。采用自行设计的模拟分析相变光盘读出过程设计软件，从光学角度出发模拟计算了蓝光(405nm)相变光盘的膜层结构，研究了多层膜系的反射率和反射率对比度等光学参量与各层膜厚度和槽深的关系。研究得出的最佳多层膜结构为：下介电层／记录层／上介电层／反射层的厚度对于台记录为100nm／10nm／25nm，／60nm，而对于槽记录则为140nm／15nm／30nm，／60nm，槽深为50nm。模拟计算结果对于将来高密度蓝光相变光盘的制备具有一定的指导意义。     

从法拉第电磁感应定律到法拉第-麦克斯韦方程的微分形式

法拉第电磁感应定律的数学表示＝－ｄΦ／ｄｔ是用通过回路的磁通Φ对时间ｔ的全导数形式ｄ／ｄｔ来表示的，而从法拉第电磁感应定律推出的法拉第－麦克斯韦方程的微分形式×Ｅ＝－　Ｂ／　ｔ是采用磁感应强度Ｂ对时间ｔ的偏导数形式／ｔ来表示的，本文对这两种导数形式及微分形式的由来作一论述．     

基于加速度反馈的上反稳瞄系统最优控制研究

针对某车载上反稳瞄系统中火炮瞄准线稳定精度0.2 mrad的要求,提出在惯性速率稳定闭环内增加高增益的加速度闭环校正,形成多闭环的控制回路,并通过ITAE(integral of time-weightde absolute error)最优控制对系统控制回路的PID参数进行整定。对上反稳瞄系统构成进行分析,对控制系统的负载、陀螺和无刷力矩电机等闭环回路进行建模仿真;利用ITAE最优控制器对多闭环控制系统的PID控制参数进行调节;对系统添加随机干扰和单位阶跃响应,测试其相关性能。测试结果表明:相比传统的调整PID参数和单速度环控制系统,基于加速度多闭环ITAE最优控制器可以使系统抗扰动性能提高约78%,超调量减小约23%,摇摆稳定精度提高约29%,可较好地满足上反稳瞄系统稳定性能的要求。     

用Φ／I计算并联回路的自感系数

本文进一步明确了公式Ｌ＝Φ／Ｉ中Φ的物理意义，即Φ＝１／Ｉ∫ｉｄψ是相应于总电流的一种平均磁通量；并将此公式用于并联回路，从而体现了用此公式计算自感系数的统一处理。     

16 mv精细导星星库构建与评价

精细导星星库是空间大口径望远镜开展导星过程的必要组成部分,是用来确定空间望远镜视轴绝对指向的关键依据。基础星表的挑选、导星星库的容量、划分方式和天区搜索速度对于实现精细导星功能和性能指标都极为重要。在视场约为0.08 deg2精度要求高的条件下,选用UCAC4星表作为基础星表,提出混合分区星等过滤算法进行导星筛选,为了实现星表的快速搜索,对导星星表的存取方式进行了详细分析,构建了一个由约400万颗10 mv~16 mv导星组成的精细导星星库,并进行星库均匀性和搜索速度分析。仿真结果表明,基于UCAC4星表构建的16 mv精细导星星库全局均匀性达到0.44,导星搜索时间0.05 s,视场中星数适中,能被高效识别的概率达到75.51%,可作为精细导星星图识别的基准,支撑未来大口径空间望远镜的观测。     

基于Matlab和ADAMS的光电稳瞄系统结构控制联合仿真

为了研究多轴多框架光电稳瞄系统的稳定精度并且避免推导其复杂的动力学微分方程,提出了利用Matlab和ADAMS进行光电稳瞄系统结构控制联合仿真的方法。研究了联合仿真模型的方位轴和俯仰轴单位阶跃响应,和在不同方向的随机线振动下的瞄准线惯性角速率,以及在2°、1Hz不同方向角扰动下瞄准线的稳定精度。仿真结果与理论定性分析吻合,表明联合仿真方法可行,可用于后续产品的开发。     

Difference thresholds for intensity perception of whole-body vertical vibration: effect of frequency and magnitude

Difference thresholds for seated subjects exposed to whole-body vertical sinusoidal vibration have been determined at two vibration magnitudes [0.1 and 0.5 ms(-2) root mean square (r.m.s.)] and at two frequencies (5 and 20 Hz). For 12 subjects, difference thresholds were determined using the up-and-down transformed response method based on two-interval forced-choice tracking. At both frequencies, the difference thresholds increased by a factor of five when the magnitude of the vibration increased from 0.1 to 0.5 ms(-2) r.m.s. The median relative difference thresholds, Weber fractions (deltaI/I), expressed as percentages, were about 10% and did not differ significantly between the two vibration magnitudes or the two frequencies. It is concluded that for the conditions investigated the difference thresholds for whole-body vibration are approximately consistent with Weber's Law. A vibration magnitude will need to be reduced by more than about 10% for the change to be detectable by human subjects; vibration measurements will be required to detect reductions of less than 10%.     

A method for determining the contribution of an individual source to the vibrational and acoustic field of complex mechanical structures

A calculation-experimental method is presented for determining the contribution of individual mechanisms to the vibrational and acoustic field of complex structures. The method is based on measuring vibrations in a set of points on the vibration energy propagation path from an operating mechanism, as well as on the subsequent calculation of the dynamic forces and external field using a numerical model of the structure. Experimental implementation of the method has shown that the contribution of an individual mechanism can be evaluated with high accuracy, including in the presence of vibrations at its base induced by external sources, the magnitude of which may significantly exceed the eigenvibrations of the mechanism.     

Comparison of absolute magnitude estimation and relative magnitude estimation for judging the subjective intensity of noise and vibration

The method of magnitude estimation is used in psychophysical studies to obtain numerical values for the intensity of perception of environmental stresses (e.g., noise and vibration). The exponent in a power function relating the subjective magnitude of a stimulus (e.g., the degree of discomfort) to the physical magnitude of the stimulus shows the rate of growth of sensations with increasing stimulus magnitude. When judging noise and vibration, there is no basis for deciding whether magnitude estimation should be performed with a reference stimulus (i.e., relative magnitude estimation, RME) or without a reference stimulus (i.e., absolute magnitude estimation, AME). Twenty subjects rated the discomfort caused by thirteen magnitudes of whole-body vertical vibration and 13 levels of noise, by both RME and AME on three occasions. There were high correlations between magnitude estimates of discomfort and the magnitudes of vibration and noise. Both RME and AME provided rates of growth of discomfort with high consistency over the three repetitions. When judging noise, RME was more consistent than AME, with less inter-subject variability in the exponent, n_s. When judging vibration, RME was also more consistent than AME, but with greater inter-subject variability in the exponent, n_v. When judging vibration, AME may be beneficial because sensations caused by the RME reference stimulus may differ (e.g., occur in a different part of the body) from the sensations caused by the stimuli being judged.     

空地激光通信跟踪精度主要外界影响因素研究

为了分析空地激光通信外界因素对跟踪精度的影响情况,将平台振动、大气湍流和背景光三个主要影响因素归结到对跟踪精度影响的统一框架下进行了研究。使用实际测量得到的平台振动数据,建立空地激光通信跟踪仿真系统,分析了不同条件下,三种外界因素对跟踪精度的综合影响情况。在文中假设基础上,分析可知:粗跟踪单元可以较好的抑制地面运动平台的振动,保证激光能够进入精跟踪视场;中强度的湍流使精跟踪残差标准差增大4倍左右,如果试验地点选择在高海拔地区,大气湍流使精跟踪残差标准差增大2倍左右。     

FSM在高精度瞄准线稳定系统中的应用研究

快速反射镜（fast-steering mirrors,简称FSM）是一种精确控制光束方向的装置。提出用一种基于压电陶瓷驱动的FSM补偿稳瞄系统中粗级平台的残余误差的方法,可以提高系统稳定精度,同时对采用FSM的高精度稳瞄系统进行了仿真。仿真结果表明:粗级平台稳定误差为110 rad,通过FSM补偿后的系统稳定误差不大于8 rad,即采用该方法可将稳定精度提高一个数量级以上。     

Passive vibration isolation of reaction wheel disturbances using a low frequency flexible space platform

Reaction wheel assemblies (RWAs) are momentum exchange devices used in fine pointing control of spacecrafts. Even though the spinning rotor of the reaction wheel is precisely balanced to minimize emitted vibration due to static and dynamic imbalances, precision instrument payloads placed in the neighborhood can always be severely impacted by residual vibration forces emitted by reaction wheel assemblies. The reduction of the vibration level at sensitive payloads can be achieved by placing the RWA on appropriate mountings. A low frequency flexible space platform consisting of folded continuous beams has been designed to serve as a mount for isolating a disturbance source in precision payloads equipped spacecrafts.Analytical and experimental investigations have been carried out to test the usefulness of the low frequency flexible platform as a vibration isolator for RWAs. Measurements and tests have been conducted at varying wheel speeds, to quantify and characterize the amount of isolation obtained from the reaction wheel generated vibration. These tests are further extended to other variants of similar design in order to bring out the best isolation for given disturbance loads. Both time and frequency domain analysis of test data show that the flexible beam platform as a mount for reaction wheels is quite effective and can be used in spacecrafts for passive vibration control.     

一种陀螺稳定平台瞄准线漂移的惯性补偿方法

针对陀螺稳定平台系统中地球自转引起的瞄准线漂移问题，提出一种基于惯性姿态信息的瞄准线漂移补偿方法。该方法根据惯导系统解算得出的平台地理坐标和姿态信息计算出地球自转角速率在光电稳定平台坐标系上的投影，稳瞄控制单元利用该投影信息自动补偿平台上的速度反馈数据，消除由地球自转造成的瞄准线漂移。试验结果显示，使用该补偿方法后的方位漂移及俯仰漂移分别是1.69 mrad/h和1.84 mrad/h，远小于不加该补偿方法时的方位漂移6.89 mrad/h及俯仰漂移7.32 mrad/h，证明该方法可有效补偿瞄准线漂移。