共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 468 毫秒
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环保型纺织品阻燃剂对人体和环境危害较小,符合绿色发展的理念.传统的阻燃剂如卤素阻燃剂阻燃效率较高,但在使用时会释放大量有毒及腐蚀性气体.氮系、磷系、硼系、硅系等阻燃剂在单独使用时,阻燃效果并不理想,而且成本高,因此需与其它阻燃剂复配协效使用才能达到阻燃效果.复配协效技术避免了使用单一阻燃剂的缺陷,综合了各种阻燃剂的优势... 相似文献
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Thirteen phosphorus-containing flame retardants were synthesized in this work. The solubilities of flame retardant [(6-oxide-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-methyl]-butanedioic acid (DDP) in selected solvents are measured. TGA measurements of the 13 phosphorus-containing flame retardants were carried out and thermal stabilities of three flame-resistant PET (FRPET) resins were investigated. A FRPET incorporated by DDP with terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol reported in literature was also discussed and compared. The thermal stability of the FRPET is improved by the incorporation of phosphorus-containing flame retardants. The LOI values of all phosphorus-containing polyesters are higher than 27%. The improvement of the flame-resistant ability is due to the formation of the char that is not only caused by the existence of phosphorus elements in the resin but also by the relative large number of carbon atoms of the phenyl group in the flame retardants. 相似文献
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Solubilities of hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene and tri(2-cyanoethyl)phosphine in selected solvents were measured in this work using a static analytical method. The solubilities of a series of phosphorus-containing flame retardants in organic solvents and water were recently measured in our laboratory. Based on these data and the solid?Cliquid equilibrium equation for the solute, the activity coefficients of these flame retardants were derived in pure solvents. The Scatchard?CHildebrand activity coefficient model was used to correlate these activity coefficients and the solubility parameters of the solutes were obtained. With the help of the analysis of the solubility parameters for the solute and solvents, solubility enhancement can be achieved due to the occurrence of the synergetic effect of the mixed solvent. 相似文献
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在全球阻燃材料无卤化的推进过程中,氮系、磷系、硅系等阻燃剂以及其复配物受到各国研究人员的广泛关注。利用聚合法(原位聚合法和共聚法)制备阻燃尼龙,可有效解决共混法中常存在的阻燃剂在基体中分散不均匀而导致的材料性能下降的问题。原位聚合法和共聚法是根据阻燃成分在基体中的存在方式而区分的,通常前者以物理均匀分散为主,后者多以化学键结合。本文在不同制备方法的背景下,根据阻燃剂类别进一步细分,综述了用原位聚合法和共聚法制备无卤阻燃尼龙的相关研究,并探讨了该领域中亟待解决的问题及未来发展方向。 相似文献
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分别介绍了采用金属氢氧化物阻燃剂、蒙脱石型阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、膨胀型阻燃剂、有机硅阻燃剂、碱式硫酸镁晶须(MOS)阻燃剂和辐射交联技术制备的无卤阻燃乙烯―乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)复合材料的研究开发现状,并展望了无卤阻燃EVA复合材料的发展趋势。 相似文献
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Gueorgui Borissov Hristo Sivriev Koljo Troev 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(3-4):615-618
Abstract New phosphorus - containing monomers and oligomers from tetrakis(hydroxymetyl)phosphonium chloride and dialkylphosphites are synthesized. On the basis of new products phosphorus-containing polyesters, polyurethanes and polyuretanesemicazbazides with improved fire resistance are obtained. The dependence of fire resistance of the polymers on the structure of the use flame retardants is investigated. 相似文献
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Ying-Ling Liu Ging-Ho Hsiue Yie-Shun Chiu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1997,35(3):565-574
A new phosphorus-containing oxirane bis-glycidyl phenylphosphate (BGPP), and a diamine, bis(4-aminophenyl)phenylphosphate (BAPP), were synthesized. Both of these two phosphorus-containing compounds lead to phosphate-containing epoxy resin via curing reaction. The kinetics of the curing reaction of BGPP with various curing agents, including BAPP, were studied. The introduction of electron-withdrawing group into the compounds increases the BGPP and decreases the BAPP reactivity in the curing reaction. The thermal and the weight loss behavior of the cured epoxy resins were studied by TGA. High char yields (32–52%) as well as high limiting oxygen index (LOI) values (34–49) of these phosphorylated resins were found, confirming the usefulness of these phosphorus-containing epoxy resins as flame retardants. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 565–574, 1997. 相似文献
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This paper provides an insight into some developments in flame retardants for different polymeric materials in China, primarily based on the publications that have appeared in the last 15 years. It focuses on the following aspects: halogen‐containing flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants (e.g. metal oxides and hydroxides, silicon‐containing materials, ammonium polyphosphate, red phosphorus, and expandable graphite), and organic flame retardants (e.g. aliphatic and aromatic phosphonates, nitrogen‐containing organics, and multi‐element organics). The inherently flame‐retardant polymer systems are also reviewed. The exploration of the novel flame retardants and flame‐retardant systems provides a powerful basis for the construction of flame‐retardant technologies and industrial applications in China. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Organohalogen flame retardants, particularly brominated aromatics, are popular, effective, low cost, and widely used in the
plastics industry. However, an increasing concern about persistence in the environment and potential negative health effects
of these materials has generated intense interest in the development of alternatives. Ideally, these should have all the positive
attributes of the materials that will be replaced. In addition, it is desirable that the new materials be as “green” as possible,
e.g., based on renewable resources and be degradable to nontoxic products in the environment. A series of new, non-halogenated
flame retardants based on tartaric acid is being developed. Tartaric acid is a by-product of the wine industry and is readily
available locally on an annual basis (Michigan is the thirteenth largest producer of wine in the U.S.). It can be readily
converted to the corresponding diethyl ester. This ester may serve as the base for the development of a series of new, non-halogenated
flame-retarding agents. The presence of the reactive hydroxyl groups allows the introduction of a variety of phosphorus-containing
moieties. For example, treatment of diethyl tartrate with diphenylphosphinyl chloride generates diethyl 2,3-di(diphenylphosphinato)-1,4-butanedioate.
This material may serve as a monomer for the preparation of various phosphorus-containing polymers and oligomers via step-growth
transesterification. The thermal stability of this compound has been assessed by thermogravimetry. 相似文献
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A systematic investigation of structurally identical flame retardant viscose, modal and polyester blended fabrics and fibres was carried out in order to develop a chemical basis for more effective products based on organic and inorganic flame retardants. The oxygen indices and chemical compositions of phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants (P-N) were used in efficiency and synergy evaluations. A new flame retardant viscose fibre containing silicid acid was included in the comparative evaluation procedure. Thermal gravimetry and X-ray diffractometry were used for determine physical factors during pyrolyzing of fibres. Charred residues were analyzed by applying elementary and solid 13-C NMR (CPMAS) spectrometry. The pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatographer connected with a gas phase FT infrared spectrometer was applied to identify the decomposition products of P-N-containing fabrics. 相似文献
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Synthesis and properties of phosphorus polyesters with systematically altered phosphorus environment
Monomers with phosphorus-containing substituents were incorporated into aromatic-aliphatic polyesters to develop polymeric halogen-free flame retardants as additives for poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). They were built into the polyester backbone of PBT substituting 1,4-butane diol as monomer by phosphorus-containing aromatic-aliphatic diols. Starting from 10-(2,5-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-HQ-GE), the chemical structure of the phosphorus monomers was systematically varied resulting in new polymers with diphenyl phosphine oxide substituents and bridged phosphine oxide units. The polymers were prepared by transesterification polycondensation in the melt in lab-scale as well as in a 2.4 l-autoclave. The properties of the polyesters were determined and compared to the DOPO-based polyester with respect to the achieved molar mass and polydispersity, solid state structure, glass transition temperature, thermal stability and combustion behavior.It was found that the different phosphorus substituents lead to different glass transition temperatures. The polymers containing bridged phosphorus structural units showed higher glass transition temperatures Tg and resulted in higher char yields after thermal decomposition. Both phosphine oxide structures showed only one-step decomposition with a shoulder at the end of the step. In contrast, two separate steps were observed in the polyesters with DOPO-substituents. The results indicated that the phosphorus polyesters under discussion are suitable to adjust the flame retarding mechanism. 相似文献