老鼠血清中苯扎贝特的HPLC-MS法测定

建立一种简便、快速、灵敏的高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定老鼠血清中苯扎贝特的方法。 采用Gemini C18色谱柱;流动相：V(乙腈)∶V(甲醇)∶V(水)=60∶15∶25(0.03%甲酸水溶液);柱温35 ℃,流速0.3 mL/min;紫外吸收波长为235 nm;进样量5 μL。 质谱采用电喷雾电离负离子模式,用于定量分析的离子分别为[M-H]- m/z 359.65→273.70(苯扎贝特)和[M-H]- m/z 212.95→127.08(氯贝酸)。 对苯扎贝特检测的线性范围为0.073~7.884 mg/L,r=0.9995。 得到苯扎贝特的平均回收率为94.3%~103.1%;方法的日内和日间的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于6%;最低检测限(LOD)与定量限(LOQ)分别为9.0和30 μg/L;为临床上人体血清中苯扎贝特的浓度检测提供了一种重现性好、灵敏度高的分析方法。     

Cyanex301的纯化及其特性

研究了用Ｃｙａｎｅｘ３０１［ＴＭ］铵盐在苯中重结晶以纯化Ｃｙａｎｅｘ３０１的方法，该法收率６２．４％，产品纯度＞９９％。测定了经纯化后产品的红外光谱，研究了纯化产品在－水正庚烷体系中的分配平衡及其在正庚烷中的缔合，浓度在０．２～１．０ｍｏ１／Ｌ范围，Ｃｙａｎｅｘ３０１主要以二聚形式存在。     

多靶点受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂ABT-869的有效合成方法

ABT-869是结构新型有效的多靶点受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,目前正处在III期临床研究阶段.从商业廉价易得的间氟苯胺出发,以较低的成本经过7步反应以42.3%的总收率实现了多靶点受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂ABT-869全合成.该工艺在关键步骤Suzuki偶联反应中使用了超声波反应器,极大地缩短反应时间,提高了收率,并且该工艺各步反应中间体不用纯化直接投入下步反应,最终产物只需结晶纯化即可达到大于99%的纯度,无需传统的柱层析分离,更适合于工业生产.     

丹参酚酸B生产中去除胶体类杂质的工艺方法

胶体类杂质的去除是丹参酚酸B(salvianolic acid B, SB)纯化工艺的难点之一。实验中基于前沿色谱与置换色谱相结合的原则,改良常规大孔吸附树脂柱的操作方法,将树脂按一定的比例装入大小两支柱。小柱与大柱串联,上样至胶体类杂质在小柱上达到吸附饱和,用50%甲醇单独洗脱大柱上的SB部分,利用树脂吸附色谱法实现了SB与胶体类杂质的分离。结果表明,经过去胶体类杂质处理后,SB的加权平均纯度由59.6%提高到64.5%,收率由69.75%提高到80.0%,并且SB的洗脱条件降低。本工艺方法适合于规模化工业生产。     

2-苯基吲哚的合成——推荐一个大学有机化学实验

采用Fischer合成法,以苯肼和苯乙酮为原料,在醋酸催化下缩合生成苯乙酮苯腙,苯乙酮苯腙在多聚磷酸催化下,经加热重排、环化后消除一分子氨,得到目标产物2-苯基吲哚.实验操作包括回流、控温、重结晶、干燥、熔点测定、薄层色谱、红外光谱和核磁共振图谱的解析等.该实验合成路线成熟,产物收率高,产品易于纯化,并结合了分子结构的波谱解析,对于学生有机合成实验能力的培养和提高、加深对波谱理论知识的理解和应用,具有很好的教学效果.     

依托考昔杂质Ⅰ的合成工艺

依托考昔是一种非甾体药,在动物模型中它具有抗炎、镇痛和解热作用。而在依托考昔的合成过程中会产生一系列的杂质,其中依托考昔杂质Ⅰ是最主要的杂质之一。为了更好地研究该物质并提高依托考昔的产率,本文开发了一条关于依托考昔杂质Ⅰ新的合成路线并对其进行了工艺优化,以5-氯-2-羟基吡啶为起始原料,经取代和Suzuki偶联等反应得到目标产物,该方法原料简单易得、反应条件温和、操作简单且收率较高,总收率为25.22%。     

4种氮杂双环化合物的合成方法改进

以邻苯二胺及2,3-二氨基吡啶为原料,与羰基化合物反应制备苯并吡嗪、吡啶并吡嗪、苯并咪唑和吡啶并咪唑4种氮杂双环化合物,探讨了溶剂、温度、时间和pH值等实验条件对反应的影响。 在合成吡啶并吡嗪时,采用正丙醇为溶剂,用甲醇钠调节pH=9,回流反应1 h,将收率从35.7%提高至89.4%;在合成苯并吡嗪时,用水作溶剂,用亚硫酸钠调节pH=9,60 ℃反应40 min,产物纯化采用低温静置代替减压蒸馏,收率可提高至98.3%;尝试不同方法合成苯并咪唑和吡啶并咪唑,确定最优合成条件分别为：邻苯二胺在88%的甲酸溶液中回流2 h,苯并咪唑收率为92%;2,3-二氨基吡啶在原甲酸三已酯中回流3 h,加浓盐酸继续回流1 h,吡啶并咪唑收率为84.2%。     

度鲁特韦的合成工艺优化研究

以4-甲氧基乙酰乙酸甲酯为原料,经过六步反应合成了度鲁特韦关键中间体6,总体收率为18. 7%。六步反应中,仅仅在第四步和第六步通过洗涤滤饼的简单操作纯化了目标产物,其余步骤均采用粗产品进行下一步投料,极大地简化操作。通过对中间物7以及度鲁特韦终产物进行了重结晶纯化操作,提高了度鲁特韦原料药的纯度。     

反相柱色谱法分离纯化洛沙坦原料中的杂质

采用反相柱色谱法对洛沙坦原料中的洛沙坦同分异构体杂质(含量约4%)进行了分离制备。收集每份流出液并进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测,合并含有目标化合物的流出液。对杂质粗品进行重结晶,所得产物的纯度大于99%(经HPLC检测);质谱分析结果表明,该杂质的相对分子质量与洛沙坦的相同,质谱裂解规律与洛沙坦一致;并通过核磁共振对该化合物进行了结构确证。与常规制备色谱相比,该方法分离步骤简单,分离效率高,上样量大,收率高。     

降血脂药环丙贝特的合成

报道了一种合成降血脂药物环丙贝特的新工艺。以对羟基苯甲醛为原料,经Witting反应、醚化、环化及水解共4步反应合成了环丙贝特,总收率69.4%,纯度99.7%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI)确证。     

An Improved Method for Product Separation in Metathetical Reactions and its Demonstration for the Synthesis of Anhydrous Cesium Salts

In conventional metathetical reactions, product separation is based on solubility product differences, and the resulting products are often impure and require purification by recrystallization. A new approach to product separation is described that relies on the formation of an unstable, volatile by‐product, such as NH₄⁺CH₃O^—. This method provides very pure and anhydrous products in high yield and was demonstrated successfully for the syntheses of anhydrous cesium salts.     

Rapid separation of radiogallium from Zn and Cu targets using anion exchange technique

A simple, non-destructive and rapid radiochemical separation of radiogallium from Zn and Cu targets by ion-exchange chromatography using Amberlyst 21b was studied. The separation yield was high, while the chemical impurity in the separated radiogallium (inactive Zn or Cu) was low (<0.4 μg). The final product was obtained in the form of gallium citrate in a single step method technique that avoided the time consumption and corrosive evaporation.     

法西多曲原料药的合成

以胡椒醛和丙二酸酯为原料,经Knoevenagel缩合、常压催化氢化、缩合、加成、酰化5步反应合成了法西多曲,其结构经元素分析、IR和1H NMR表征。总收率72．1％。     

Separation of Liquiritin by simulated moving bed chromatography

Liquiritin was extracted from the natural product Licorice, and then purified using a three-zone simulated moving bed set up in our laboratory, with a C(18)-bonded silica as the stationary phase and an aqueous solution of ethanol as the mobile phase. The isotherm parameters of Liquiritin and of the only closely eluting impurity were obtained using the inverse method, fitting the experimental elution profiles to calculated elution profiles, assuming a binary Langmuir isotherm model as an approximation. The operating parameters of the simulated moving bed were selected according to the Equilibrium Theory. This allowed the preparation of 85% pure Liquiritin. Finally, 99% pure Liquiritin was obtained through a last step of recrystallization.     

通过硼氢化-原位再结晶提高二异松莰烷基硼烷光学纯度的简便方法

本文叙述了由国产低光学纯(43.6%e e)(-)-α-蒎烯通过硼氢化-原位再结晶, 制备高光学纯(97.2%ee)(+)-二异松茨烷基硼烷(diisopinocampheylborane, Ipc2BH)的简便新方法。     

Thiazolylalanine-derived catalysts for enantioselective intermolecular aldehyde-imine cross-couplings

Catalytic asymmetric cross-coupling reactions between aldehydes and N-acylimines have been discovered that employ thiazolylalanine derivatives as catalysts. Alkylation of the thiazolyl moiety, followed by in situ generation of the derived thiazolium ylide using a tertiary amine base, leads to the active catalyst. alpha-Amidoketone products are isolated in up to 90% yield with up to 87% enantiomeric excess (>98% ee after a single recrystallization). The use of a hindered base to suppress product racemization was stimulated by a mechanistic study that revealed an isotope effect on the racemization rate of the product.     

Efficient Synthesis of the Nucleus of Atorvastatin Calcium

An efficient synthetic route for the parent nucleus of atorvastatin calcium was successfully established through the modification of the related reactions. Under the optimized conditions, compound 1 was obtained in 61.2% yield (lit. 51.4%) from methyl isopropyl ketone via five steps. Two impurities generated by the aldol condensation of methyl isopropyl ketone were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and their generation can be inhibited by reducing the mixing time of methyl isopropyl ketone and NaH. One oxybromination protocol with hydrogen peroxide was employed to make the best of bromine. A debromination by-product was isolated and confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry and its generation mechanism was discussed. The impurity can be inhibited by protecting the reaction from light and easily removed by recrystallization.     

高锰酸钾氧化法合成2-甲酸吡啶

以2-甲基吡啶为原料,水为溶剂,经80℃下高锰酸钾氧化和乙醇重结晶得到2-甲酸吡啶;采用红外光谱仪和核磁共振谱仪表征了目标产物的结构;考察了高锰酸钾用量、溶剂用量和反应时间对产物收率的影响,讨论了重结晶试剂的选择,进而确定了合成2-甲酸吡啶的较优条件.结果表明:以水作反应溶剂,控制原料和高锰酸钾的摩尔比为1∶2.3时,反应时间为5~6 h,以乙醇重结晶,目标产物的总收率达79.7%.     

杂质对六氯环三聚磷腈热聚合的影响

利用红外光谱、磷核磁共振谱、广角X射线衍射、差示扫描量热、凝胶色谱等分析手段,研究了六氯环三聚磷腈(HCCP)在存放过程中产生的杂质,以及不同纯化方法对这些杂质的去除效果,探讨了这些杂质对HCCP单体真空热开环聚合反应的影响.HCCP在存放过程中接触空气中的水汽在环上氯基团处易被水解,产生Trimer-1、Gem-2、Dimmer-3等杂质,重结晶能去除Gem-2、Dimmer-3和少量的Trimer-1,升华能较好地去除Trimer-1.杂质Gem-2、Dimmer-3中的羟基引发聚二氯磷腈交联,生成不可溶的交联态聚二氯磷腈,而Trimer-1则会降低聚合速度,并在聚合物中引入磷氧基和亚胺基杂链,从而影响后续聚磷腈取代产物的性质,表现为聚合物中晶态发生变异,结晶度降低,玻璃化温度、晶态转化温度和熔融温度出现差别.用重结晶结合升华的方法对HCCP单体进行纯化后,应用FTIR或31P-NMR分析来验证纯化效果,以确保能控制聚合速度和时间,使聚合顺利进行.