无配体铜催化芳溴和K_4[Fe(CN)_6]的氰化

铜催化芳溴氰化反应通常在惰性气体保护下进行, 而且配体和碱的使用也是必要的. 本文发现无配体的Cu(OAc)_2·H_2O能够有效地催化芳溴的氰化;并且反应无需使用碱, 无需惰性气体保护;为芳腈的合成提供一种经济有效的方法. 此方法可应用到多种芳溴的腈化, 在16种芳溴底物反应的例子中, 得到了56%-94%的产率.     

无溶剂无催化条件下一锅合成芳酰基腈化合物

无溶剂无催化剂条件下,以芳香酸、二氯亚砜和铁氰化钾为原料,经氯化、氰化两步一锅合成了一系列芳酰基腈化合物。 考察了氰化过程中反应温度、反应时间对产率的影响。 实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为：反应温度为180 ℃,反应时间为2 h,产物收率达71%~92%。 产物经IR、1H NMR和13C NMR分析确认。 本方法具有工艺操作简单、产率高、无溶剂无催化和环境友好等优点。     

焦脱镁叶绿酸的区域和立体选择性的芳(芳酰)亚甲基化及其叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成（英文）

以焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为起始原料,利用其外接环酮的空气氧化反应,在大环色基N²¹-N²³轴的水溶性端向的不同位置上构建了甲酰基和邻位二酮结构.通过交叉羟醛缩合反应,在焦脱镁叶绿酸的外接环和12-位上区域和立体选择性地完成了芳(芳酰)亚甲基化,合成出一系列未见报道的具有芳(芳酰)烯酮结构单元的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物,同时,讨论了芳(芳酰)亚甲基化二氢卟吩的形成机理、立体异构以及紫外-可见光谱性质.所有新合成化合物的结构均经UV-Vis、¹H NMR、MS以及元素分析予以证实.     

几种Cardo聚芳醚砜的合成与表征

酚酞型聚芳醚砜(PES-C)是综合性能优异的热塑性工程塑料,可通过溴化、磺化等改性.本文用一步法,K₂C0₃存在下以二甲基亚矾为介质,合成了不同取代烷基的聚合物.     

一锅法合成芳(杂环)胺亚甲基双膦酸四乙酯

以I₂为催化剂,原甲酸三乙酯、芳(杂环)胺和亚磷酸二乙酯为原料,室温无溶剂条件下,一锅合成了系列芳(杂环)胺亚甲基双膦酸四乙酯,收率96%~99%。 当I₂物质的量分数为5%时,产物收率最高。 本方法底物适用范围广,操作简单。 I₂作为催化剂,安全高效。     

光催化苄基邻卤芳醚与CO2的连续去芳构化/羧化反应合成螺环羧酸(英文)

自1900年首次发现螺环化合物以来,由于它在药物分子、手性配体、激光染料等领域的重要作用,越来越多的螺环化合物被发现和研究.目前已研发出了几种典型的反应来合成螺环化合物,如分子间的环加成或偶联反应及双官能团化合物分子内的偶联反应.但这些方法仍存在选择性难以控制、螺环中官能团耐受性差、条件苛刻等不足.因此,有必要发展合成含各类官能团的螺环的方法.近年来,芳基化合物的分子内去芳构化已经成为合成螺环骨架的有效策略,尤其是通过光催化去芳构化合成螺环.CO₂作为C1合成子具有丰富、低成本、可持续及无毒等优势,若将CO₂作为羧酸源键联在螺环骨架上,将有可能构建具有潜在生物活性的螺环羧酸衍生物.基于本课题组对光催化CO₂转化利用反应的持续研究,本文设计开发了一种合成螺环羧酸化合物的便捷方法,即光催化苄基邻卤芳醚与CO₂的连续去芳构化/羧化反应.根据条件筛选实验结果,最终选择1,2,3,5-四(咔唑-9-基)-4,6-二氰基苯(4Cz IPN)作为光敏剂, N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(DIPEA)为还原剂,叔丁醇钠作为...     

熔融法合成2-芳氧甲基苯并咪唑化合物

以邻苯二胺和芳氧基乙酸为原料, 采用熔融法合成出了10种2-芳氧甲基苯并咪唑化合物, 并利用IR和1H NMR对其结构进行了表征. 在熔融法的合成中, 两种原料物质的量之比为n(邻苯二胺)∶n (芳氧乙酸)＝1∶1.1, 反应温度为(180±5) ℃. 该合成方法具有操作简便、反应时间短、后处理容易、副产物少、产率较高、绿色环保等优点.     

芳茂铁阳离子聚合光引发剂引发活性研究

研究了7种不同芳烃结构的芳茂铁四氟硼酸盐作为阳离子紫外光聚合和光固化引发剂在环氧体系中的光引发活性,其中[C₅H₅Fe₂,5-(CH₃)₂CO^-C₆H₃]BF₄(Ⅵ)和[CH₃CO^-C₅H₄Fe₂,4-(CH₃)₂-C₆H₄]BF₄(Ⅶ)为新物质.研究发现,这7个芳茂铁四氟硼酸盐在370和450nm附近均有较强吸收;芳环上引入共轭CC和共轭CO使吸收峰发生红移,且使摩尔消光系数和感光速度均有所提高,更适合于以高压汞灯为辐射光源的长波紫外固化;芳茂铁四氟硼酸盐可以引发环氧树脂、脂环族和脂肪族缩水甘油基环氧单分子,通过加热或使用有机过氧化物[如过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)]可明显提高环氧化合物的聚合速度.     

丙酮氰醇为氰源的卤代烃的氰基取代反应研究

氰基取代反应是有机合成中引入氰基官能团的重要方法.以丙酮氰醇为氰化试剂,以脂肪族卤代烷R—X(X=Cl,Br,I)为底物,通过亲核取代反应合成一系列氰基化合物.研究结果表明,在50℃下四氢呋喃(THF)与1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮(DMI)(体积比为3∶1)组成的混合物为反应溶剂,LiOH·H_2O为碱,丙酮氰醇与相应的卤代烷反应可以得到氰化产物,产率达到70%～99%.该反应使用廉价低毒的丙酮氰醇替代剧毒的氰化钠或其他价格昂贵、使用条件苛刻的氰化试剂,且不需要贵金属作催化剂,反应条件温和,适用范围广泛,具有较大的应用价值.     

无配体铜催化芳溴和Ｋ４［Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６］的氰化

铜催化芳溴氰化反应通常在惰性气体保护下进行,而且配体和碱的使用也是必要的．本文发现无配体的Ｃｕ（ＯＡｃ）２·Ｈ２Ｏ能够有效地催化芳溴的氰化;并且反应无需使用碱,无需惰性气体保护;为芳腈的合成提供一种经济有效的方法．此方法可应用到多种芳溴的腈化,在１６种芳溴底物反应的例子中,得到了５６％９４％的产率．     

Triphenylphosphine-Mediated Eco-Friendly Synthesis of (Z)-Diisopropyl-2-(Cyano(Aryl)Methylene)Hydrazine-1,1-Dicarboxylates Using Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) as a Cyanide Source

Abstract

A triphenylphosphine-mediated synthetic method for (Z)-diisopropyl-2-(cyano (aryl)methylene)hydrazine-1,1-dicarboxylates via one-pot three-component reactions using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as a cyanide source was described. This protocol has advantages of no use of strong toxic cyanating agents, high yield, and simple work-up procedure.     

Pd-Catalysed Decarbonylation Free Approach to Carbonylative Esterification of 5-HMF to Its Aryl Esters Synthesis Using Aryl Halides and Oxalic Acid as C1 Source

A decarbonylation free, polystyrene-supported, Pd (Pd@PS)-catalysed carbonylative esterification of the hydroxy group of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) to its corresponding aryl esters has been developed. The use of Pd@PS, oxalic acid as CO source, and aryl halides was first explored for the aryl ester of 5-HMF synthesis. Here, we investigated the vital role of a polystyrene support to avoid the commonly known decarbonylation of 5-HMF. The reaction exhibits vast substrate scope with comparably good yield and catalyst recyclability.     

Preparation of Polyfunctionalized Aromatic Nitriles from Aryl Oxazolines

A selective ortho,ortho’-functionalization of readily available aryl oxazolines by two successive magnesiations with sBu₂Mg in toluene followed by trapping reactions with electrophiles, such as (hetero)aryl iodides or bromides, iodine, tosyl cyanide, ethyl cyanoformate or allylic bromides (39 examples, 62–99 % yield) is reported. Treatment of these aryl oxazolines with excess oxalyl chloride and catalytic amounts of DMF (50 °C, 4 h) provided the corresponding nitriles (36 examples, 73–99 % yield). Conversions of these nitriles to valuable heterocycles are reported, and a tentative mechanism is proposed.     

负载Pt催化生物柴油加氢脱氧性能研究

采用XRD、BET、SEM、NH_3-TPD对Pt/Al_2O_3、Pt/Al_2O_3-ZSM-5、Pt/ZSM-5催化剂进行表征,在不同反应工艺条件下考察三种分子筛的酸性、孔径分布、外部形貌、晶体结构对其加氢脱氧性能的影响。结果表明,Br■nsted酸性位点和中孔体积占比对脂肪酸甲酯的加氢脱氧反应来说至关重要,其中,Br■nsted酸性位点在脱氧反应中的C-O键断裂发挥主要作用,中孔孔径则能提高整个反应的质量传递效率以及避免C_(12-18)长链烷烃发生裂解。三种催化剂的加氢脱氧催化效果大小为:Pt/Al_2O_3-ZSM-5Pt/Al_2O_3Pt/ZSM-5;适宜的反应工艺条件为:t=350℃,p=2 M Pa,H2/oil=1000,WHSV=0.5 h~(-1),在此条件下Pt/Al_2O_3-ZSM-5的脂肪酸甲酯转化率为99.4%,目标产物液体收率为86.8%。     

Stereoselective Palladium-catalyzed Cross-coupling of (2-Amido-1-phenylpropyl)zinc Compounds with Aryl Bromides

A controllable diastereoselective C(sp²)―C(sp³) Negishi coupling reaction of secondary benzylic zinc reagents with aryl bromides to form medicinally important 2-arylphenylethylamines was demonstrated. In the presence of Pd(OAc)₂ and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl(S-phos), open-chain(2-amido-1-phenylethyl)zinc reagent bearing a β-NHAc or NHCHO group undergoes coupling reaction to give syn-1-arylphenylethylamine mainly, whereas the zinc reagent bearing a sterically hindered β-amido group, for example NHCOC(CH₃)₂OTBS undergoes the coupling reaction to yield anti-1-arylphenylethylamines with a configuration inversion. In addition, a working mechanism for the stereoselective Negishi cross-coupling was also proposed.     

镍催化环丁酮肟酯与芳基锌试剂的Negishi偶联反应

发展了一种镍催化环丁酮肟酯和芳基锌试剂之间Negishi偶联的方法.镍既作为亚胺自由基的引发剂,也作为芳基锌试剂与烷基自由基偶联反应的催化剂在反应中起作用.本方法可避免使用剧毒的氰化物,且具有很广的底物适应性和官能团兼容性,因此可能是一种具有潜在吸引力的高效合成烷基腈类化合物的新策略.初步的机理研究显示,该反应极可能经历自由基历程.     

Nickel‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Chlorides and Triflates Using Butyronitrile: Merging Retro‐hydrocyanation with Cross‐Coupling

We describe a nickel‐catalyzed cyanation reaction of aryl (pseudo)halides that employs butyronitrile as a cyanating reagent instead of highly toxic cyanide salts. A dual catalytic cycle merging retro‐hydrocyanation and cross‐coupling enables the conversion of a broad array of aryl chlorides and aryl/vinyl triflates into their corresponding nitriles. This new reaction provides a strategically distinct approach to the safe preparation of aryl cyanides, which are essential compounds in agrochemistry and medicinal chemistry.     

Photohomolysis and Photoheterolysis in Aryl Sulfonates and Aryl Phosphates

The photochemical behaviour of selected aryl sulfonates and phosphates (ArOX) in polar and nonpolar media has been investigated by laser flash photolysis (LFP) experiments. Two main pathways have been identified, namely the photohomolysis of the ArO−X bond or the photoheterolysis of the Ar−OX bond depending on the nature of the leaving group (OX) and on the nature of the substituents on the aromatic ring. In nonpolar solvents the esters are quite photostable due to an efficient triplet deactivation. In polar solvents, the homolytic fragmentation of the ArO−S bond from the exited singlets was found in aryl sulfonates bearing moderately electron-donating groups as well as electron-withdrawing groups. In electron-rich aryl phosphates and sulfonates photoheterolysis of the Ar−OP/Ar−OS bond took place as the exclusive pathway.     

Brønsted acid catalyzed formal insertion of isocyanides into a C-O bond of acetals

The Br?nsted acid catalyzed formal insertion of an isocyanide into a C-O bond of an acetal is described. A diverse array of acyclic and cyclic acetals can be applied to the catalytic insertion to form alpha-alkoxy imidates. Functional groups, such as nitro, cyano, halogen, ester, and alkoxy groups, are tolerant to the reaction conditions employed. The course of the reaction is highly dependent on the structure of the isocyanide. The use of an electron-deficient aryl isocyanide, such as 2c and 2d, is required to selectively obtain the monoinsertion product. When aryl isocyanides containing alkyl substituents, such as 2a and 2b, are employed, two molecules of the isocyanide are incorporated, and the double-insertion product is obtained. The reaction of tert-octyl isocyanide also induces a double incorporation, but the subsequent acid-mediated fragmentation leads to the 2-alkoxy imidoyl cyanide. The monoinsertion products, alpha-alkoxy imidates, can readily be hydrolyzed to alpha-alkoxy esters, realizing the formal carbonylation of an acetal.