Co-MOFs材料在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用研究进展

该文阐述了近年来钴金属有机骨架(Co-MOFs)材料在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用研究进展,分别对Co-MOFs材料及Co-MOFs衍生的氧化钴、氧化钴/碳复合材料、硫化钴/碳复合材料等用作锂离子电池负极材料进行了分类总结,旨在为广大研究者提供相关方面的信息.     

金属有机框架(MOFs)材料在锂离子电池及锂金属电池电解液中的应用

总结了金属有机框架(MOFs)材料在锂离子电池电解液中的研究进展.通过归纳锂离子电池长期存在的一些缺陷,随后将MOFs材料作为离子筛、人造负极保护层、准固态电解质以及用来调节电解液构型,使得锂离子电池的性能得到显著提升.最后,基于MOFs材料本身的特性,还对MOFs材料在电化学储能领域中的后续应用进行了合理地前瞻性展望...     

核壳结构金属-有机骨架及其衍生物在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用

金属–有机框架(MOFs)材料具有比表面积较大、孔径可调、制备容易、结构与功能多样性等优势,被广泛应用于电化学能源转化与储存领域。其中独特的核壳结构材料由于表面修饰的作用往往更能表现出核内与壳层的协同作用。本文介绍了具有核壳结构MOFs作为锂离子电池负极材料的发展现状,并重点综述其衍生物(多孔碳材料、金属氧化物、金属硫/硒化物以及金属/金属氧化物)的制备方法以及在锂离子电池负极中的应用。MOFs通过高温煅烧或改变化学反应条件的方法,可制备出结构可调的传统无机电极材料并表现出更优异的电化学性能。最后总结了核壳结构MOFs材料作为锂电负极材料存在的问题和挑战,并提出可能的解决途径和未来的应用前景。     

锂离子电池正极材料的第一性原理研究进展

锂离子电池的发展主要依赖于电极材料的突破,解决现有电极材料存在的问题和预测新型未知材料是提高锂离子电池性能的关键,而第一性原理计算的出现能够较好的满足这一需求。本文介绍了第一性原理计算在锂离子电池正极材料研究方面的原理和应用,并对该原理在正极材料的平均嵌锂电压计算,嵌/脱锂机理、结构稳定性研究及新材料预测等方面的应用进行了详细论述,并指出了这一理论计算工具在电池材料设计过程中的重要性和局限性。     

锂离子电池正极材料的第一性原理

锂离子电池的发展主要依赖于电极材料的突破,解决现有电极材料存在的问题和预测新型未知材料是提高锂离子电池性能的关键,而第一性原理计算的出现能够较好地满足这一需求.本文介绍了第一性原理计算在锂离子电池正极材料研究方面的原理和应用,对该原理在正极材料的平均嵌锂电压计算、嵌/脱锂机理、结构稳定性研究及新材料预测等方面的应用进行了详细论述,并指出了这一理论计算工具在电池材料设计过程中的重要性和局限性.     

过渡金属氮化物在锂离子电池中的应用

锂离子电池因其卓越的性能已成为当前使用最广泛的二次电池。过渡金属氮化物因具有低而平的充放电电位平台、可逆性能好与容量大等特点,被广泛应用于锂离子电池负极材料。本文简要综述了过渡金属氮化物在锂离子电池中的应用现状和研究进展。重点介绍了过渡金属氮化物及其复合物的物理和化学制备方法及其在锂离子电池中的应用研究进展,并且指出过渡金属氮化物应用于锂离子电池中目前面临的问题以及相应解决方案。     

MOF构筑的电化学传感器及应用

金属-有机框架化合物(以下简称金属-有机框架)是一类有机配体与金属中心通过自组装形成的具有三维框架结构的多孔材料,其特异复杂的结构使其具有良好的化学性能。金属-有机框架化合物在分析化学方面的应用受到广泛关注,在电化学传感器应用方面也取得了显著进展。本文简要介绍近年来金属-有机框架用于构建电化学传感器的方法及在电化学传感器中的作用;对基于金属-有机框架的电化学传感器的应用进行了综述;分析了目前金属-有机框架-电化学传感器研究中存在的问题和局限性并对其应用进行了展望。     

钒系磷酸盐锂离子电池正极材料

商业化锂离子电池以锂过渡金属氧化物作正极材料,由于安全性等问题限制了其更广泛的应用。在已经研究和开发的众多新型锂离子电池正极材料中,钒系磷酸盐由于具有较高的对锂电位和理论比容量而成为研究热点。本文综述了各种钒系磷酸盐类锂离子电池正极材料的研究现状,重点对各种材料的结构、制备方法和电化学性能进行了总结,并对改善材料综合性能的方法和机理进行了探讨。     

锂离子电池高容量合金复合负极材料的研究新进展

随着锂离子电池的应用范围向薄膜电池、储能和动力电池等方面扩展，对电池的能量密度和使用寿命提出了更高的要求，电极材料是决定这些性能的关键。目前商业化的锂离子电池负极材料主要是中间相炭微球和改性石墨。它们的比容量，尤其是体积比容量不够高。而且，由于它们的嵌锂电位接近金属锂，快速充电时容易在电极表面析出锂并产生锂枝晶，有安全隐患。因此，寻求新的高性能负极材料一直是锂离子电池研究的重要方向。     

锂离子电池及材料发展前瞻——第16届国际锂电会议评述

每两年举行一次的国际锂电会议（1MLB）旨在促进国际合作和交流,为在锂离子电池领域工作的科学家和工程师提供一个讨论锂电基础研究和技术革新的论坛．本文总结了2012年6月17-22日在韩国济州岛召开的第16届国际锂电会议的学术报告情况．具有较好安全性的磷酸铁锂正极材料和具有较高倍率特性和较好循环性能的纳米电极材料依然是研究热点;同时可以看到,富锂锰基材料、钛酸锂材料、5V尖晶石材料和纳米硅负极材料成为新的研究热点;而锂硫电池、锂空气电池和超级电容器等新电池体系正在引起大家的兴趣和关注．     

Metal–Organic Frameworks as Metal Ion Precursors for the Synthesis of Nanocomposites for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials with fascinating properties. Their widespread applications are sometimes hindered by the intrinsic instability of frameworks. However, this instability of MOFs can also be exploited for useful purposes. Herein, we report the use of MOFs as metal ion precursors for constructing functional nanocomposites by utilizing the instability of MOFs. The heterogeneous growth process of nanostructures on substrates involves the release of metal ions, nucleation on substrates, and formation of a covering structure. Specifically, the synthesized CoS with carbon nanotubes as substrates display enhanced performance in a lithium‐ion battery. Such strategy not only presents a new way for exploiting the instability of MOFs but also supplies a prospect for designing versatile functional nanocomposites.     

Metal–Organic Frameworks as Metal Ion Precursors for the Synthesis of Nanocomposites for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials with fascinating properties. Their widespread applications are sometimes hindered by the intrinsic instability of frameworks. However, this instability of MOFs can also be exploited for useful purposes. Herein, we report the use of MOFs as metal ion precursors for constructing functional nanocomposites by utilizing the instability of MOFs. The heterogeneous growth process of nanostructures on substrates involves the release of metal ions, nucleation on substrates, and formation of a covering structure. Specifically, the synthesized CoS with carbon nanotubes as substrates display enhanced performance in a lithium-ion battery. Such strategy not only presents a new way for exploiting the instability of MOFs but also supplies a prospect for designing versatile functional nanocomposites.     

Terpyridine-Based 3D Metal–Organic-Frameworks: A Structure–Property Correlation

Design, synthesis, and applications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are among the most salient fields of research in modern inorganic and materials chemistry. As the structure and physical properties of MOFs are mostly dependent on the organic linkers or ligands, the choice of ligand system is of utmost importance in the design of MOFs. One such crucial organic linker/ligand is terpyridine (tpy), which can adopt various coordination modes to generate an enormous number of metal–organic frameworks. These frameworks generally carry physicochemical characteristics induced by the π-electron-rich (basically N-electron-rich moiety) terpyridines. In this minireview, the construction of 3D MOFs associated with symmetrical terpyridines is discussed. These ligands can be easily derivatized at the lateral phenyl (4′-phenyl) position and incorporate additional organic functionalities. These functionalities lead to some different binding modes and form higher dimensional (3D) frameworks. Therefore, these 3D MOFs can carry multiple features along with the characteristics of terpyridines. Some properties of these MOFs, like photophysical, chemical selectivity, photocatalytic degradation, proton conductivity, and magnetism, etc. have also been discussed and correlated with their frameworks.     

Fabrication of Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks in Uninterrupted Mesoporous Tunnels: Hierarchical Structure for Efficient Trypsin Immobilization and Stabilization

Hierarchically porous metal–organic frameworks (HP‐MOFs) are promising in various applications. Most reported HP‐MOFs are prepared based on the generation of mesopores in microporous frameworks, and the formed mesopores are connected by microporous channels, limiting the accessibility of mesopores for bulky molecules. A hierarchical structure is formed by constructing microporous MOFs in uninterrupted mesoporous tunnels. Using the confined space in as‐prepared mesoporous silica, highly dispersed metal precursors for MOFs are coated on the internal surface of mesoporous tunnels. Ligand vapor‐induced crystallization is employed to enable quantitative formation of MOFs in situ, in which sublimated ligands diffuse into mesoporous tunnels and react with metal precursors. The obtained hierarchically porous composites exhibit record‐high adsorption capacity for the bulky molecule trypsin. The thermal and storage stability of trypsin is improved upon immobilization on the composites.     

Enhanced Long Persistent Luminescence by Multifold Interpenetration in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with long persistent luminescence (LPL) have attracted widespread attention due to potential applications in displays, anticounterfeiting, and so on. However, MOFs often have large pore size, which restricts the formation of efficient inter- and intramolecular interactions to realize LPL. Herein, a new approach to achieving LPL in MOFs by multifold interpenetration of discrete frameworks is reported. By comparison between threefold- and twofold-interpenetrating MOFs, it was found that the former, which have higher multiplicity and denser frameworks, can be endowed with enhanced inter- and intramolecular interactions, and thus enhanced LPL is obtained. Meanwhile, metal-cluster and heavy-halogen effects could also cause variations in LPL duration and color.     

多孔有机骨架材料对顺式二醇化合物富集分离的研究进展

基于在碱性环境下硼酸能与顺式二醇化合物可逆共价结合形成稳定的五元或六元环酯,而在酸性环境下环酯开环释放顺式二醇化合物这一特性,设计合成高效、高选择性、高富集性能的硼亲和材料的研究备受关注。近年来,许多研究工作者合成了各种类型的硼亲和材料,应用于高选择性富集顺式二醇化合物。金属有机骨架(MOFs)和共价有机骨架(COFs)由于具有孔径可调、高孔隙率、高比表面积、骨架结构可调和化学及热稳定性良好等特点,被广泛应用于色谱分离和样品前处理领域。为赋予MOFs和COFs材料对顺式二醇化合物的富集选择性,各种不同结构和不同种类的硼酸修饰的MOFs和COFs被合成出来。该综述主要是对近几年来80余篇源于科学引文索引关于硼酸功能化MOFs和COFs的种类、合成方法及其应用文章的总结,包括“金属配体-片段共组装”“合成后修饰”和“自下而上”的硼酸功能化多孔材料的修饰策略,以及硼酸功能化MOFs和COFs的种类,介绍了其在化学分析和生物分析领域的发展概况和应用前景,客观评价了硼酸功能化MOFs和COFs的区别和优缺点。该文旨在让研究人员能够充分了解近几年硼酸功能化多孔有机骨架材料的研究现状、掌握合成思路和方法,为其应用提供一定的理论指导和技术支撑,为加快硼酸功能化多孔有机骨架材料的商业化脚步贡献绵薄之力。     

Metal–Organic‐Framework‐based Gas Chromatographic Separation

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been applied in various fields because of their fascinating structures and excellent properties. MOFs can serve as stationary phases in gas chromatography (GC), which has led to exceptional improvements of performance. Here, we summarize the application of MOFs in GC based on the classification of analytes. The advantages and separation mechanism of MOFs as stationary phases in GC are discussed in combination with the characteristics and structures of MOFs. The limitations are also summarized in this review, which can provide prospects on further research for the applications of MOFs.     

MOFs – Metallorganische Gerüststrukturen. Funktionale poröse Materialien

MOFs (metal‐organic frameworks) have developed into an important class of materials. This is due to their potential application in the fields of catalysis, gas storage, nanoreactors, or drug release. MOFs are comprised of isolated metal ions or metal‐oxygen clusters, chains or layers, which are connected via organic linkers to form three‐dimensional frameworks of outstanding porosity. Owing to their modular assembly, the pores of MOFs can be tailored using functionalized linkers, following the principle of reticular chemistry.     

Mixed‐Metal MOFs: Unique Opportunities in Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Functionality and Design

Mixed‐metal metal–organic frameworks (MM‐MOFs) can be considered to be those MOFs having two different metals anywhere in the structure. Herein we summarize the various strategies for the preparation of MM‐MOFs and some of their applications in adsorption, gas separation, and catalysis. It is shown that compared to homometallic MOFs, MM‐MOFs bring about the opportunity to take advantage of the complexity and the synergism derived from the presence of different metal ions in the structure of MOFs. This is reflected in a superior performance and even stability of MM‐MOFs respect to related single‐metal MOFs. Emphasis is made on the use of MM‐MOFs as catalysts for tandem reactions.     

Designable Guest-Molecule Encapsulation in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Proton Conductivity

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as a porous frame material, exhibit considerable electrical conductivity. In recent decades, research on the proton conductivity of MOFs has made gratifying progress. In this review, the designable guest molecules encapsulated into MOFs are summarized and generalized into four types in terms of promoting proton conductive performance, and then recent progress in the promotion of proton conductivity by MOFs encapsulating guest molecules is discussed. The existing challenges and prospects for the development of this strategy for promoting MOFs’ proton conductivity are also listed.