碧桃花、叶、茎、果实挥发油成分及抗油脂氧化、抑菌作用

采用超临界CO₂萃取,应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS) 法鉴定碧桃花、叶、茎、果实挥发油中化学成分和相对质量浓度,共鉴定178个化合物。 其中花挥发油中主要成分有苯甲醛(11.42%)、α-金合欢烯(9.18%)、十六烷酸(8.03%)。叶挥发油中主要成分有:苯甲醛(14.72%)、二十五烷(9.85%)、二十八烷(8.29%)、二十三烷(5.14%)。 茎挥发油中主要成分有(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇(28.90%)、(E)-2-己烯醇(16.06%)、正己醇(6.86%)。 果实挥发油中主要成分有:苯甲醛(20.46%)、十六烷酸(5.84%)、苯甲醇(5.01%)。 在10~40 d贮藏期内,花、叶、茎、果实挥发油可明显降低花生油的过氧化值和酸值,其中以茎挥发油高剂量组降低作用最强。 花和茎挥发油具有较强的抑菌作用,其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值在0.024~0.188 g/L范围内。     

GC-MS测定红花酢浆花与叶中的挥发油成分

分析了红花酢浆花与叶中挥发油的化学成分及相对含量。花、叶采用超临界二氧化碳萃取后进行减压蒸馏,再以环己烷和乙醚萃取,在经气相色谱分离后,对离子流中每一峰的质谱图与NIST2011质谱谱库中谱图比对,以匹配率达90%以上确认化学成分;以面积归一化法计算各化合物在挥发油中的相对百分含量。结果从红花酢浆花、叶挥发油中共鉴定出113个化合物,其中花中鉴定了挥发油中主要有甲基环己烷(18.42%)、甲苯(17.46%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(5.76%)、2,3-丁二醇(29.84%)、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮(7.80%)、2-乙氧基-3-氯丁烷(7.00%)等;叶中挥发油主要有甲苯(17.16%)、甲基环己烷(16.59%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(5.43%)、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷(24.22%)、2-乙氧基-3-氯丁烷(14.14%)、2-甲基-2,4-二甲氧基丁烷(6.12%)等成分。     

万寿菊不同部位挥发性化学成分比较研究

通过分析不同部位万寿菊挥发性化学成分,为万寿菊的开发利用提供实验依据.采用同时蒸馏.萃取法(SDE)提取不同部位万寿菊挥发油,气相色谱法分离,质谱法鉴定结构.结果表明万寿菊花、叶、茎挥发油的含量分别为3.7%、3.5%和2.9%.在花、叶和茎挥发油中分别鉴定出40、33和35种化学成分.万寿菊不同部位挥发油的含量及其化学成分存在一定的差异,其中万寿菊花挥发油的含量最高,万寿菊花、叶、茎挥发油中柠檬烯、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯.3-醇、1-环己基-2.甲基-丙烯-2-酮和3-甲基-6-(1-甲乙基)-2-环己烯-1-酮含量较高.     

萃取淫羊藿挥发油的实验与分析

报道了用正交实验法研究超临界萃取淫羊藿挥发性成分的条件;结果显示最佳萃取条件为萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间1 h。按对结果影响大小依次排列为:萃取压力→萃取温度→萃取时间,在最佳条件下萃取挥发油,收率为2.7%;并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了淫羊藿挥发油的化学成分,从中确认出43种化学成分,用峰面积归一化法通过化学工作站数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的质量分数;其中主要成分为薄荷醇、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(2-丙烯基)-苯、5-(1-丙烯基)-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯、3,5-二甲氧基-甲苯、冰片、十五(碳)烷、1,2,3-三甲氧基-5-甲苯、外-葑醇、2,6,6-三甲基-2,4-环庚二烯-1-酮、2-莰酮等。     

三叉耳蕨挥发油HS-SPME-GC-MS分析

采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS),从根中鉴定了31个成分,从叶中鉴定了22个成分。其中有16个共有成分。三叉耳蕨根的挥发油的主要成分是十六醛(11.24%)、正十六酸(9.07%)、十六烷(6.31%)和2,6,10,14-四甲基-十五烷(6.05%)。叶的挥发油的主要成分是邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(9.85%)、(E)-4-(2,6,6-三甲基-2-环己-1-烯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(9.32%)、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮(8.25%)和(E)-4-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己-1-烯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(8.05%)。     

气相色谱-质谱法研究藏药甘青青兰挥发油成分

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取甘青青兰挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法鉴定其化学成分和质量分数。甘青青兰挥发油主要成分为桉油醇(18.08%)、(1,α2α,5α)-2,6,6-三甲基二环[3.1.1]-3-庚酮(8.79%)、甲基环戊烷(4.22%)、芳樟醇(3.68%)、4-甲基-1-(1-甲乙基)-2-环己烯-1-醇(3.05%)等。     

火棘叶挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从火棘叶中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用方法分析火棘叶挥发油化学成分,并以面积归一法测定各成分的相对含量。从火棘叶挥发油中共鉴定出69种化合物,占挥发油总量的80.52%,主要成分为(-)-b-杜松烯(22.62%)、植物醇(19.90%)、二环倍半水芹烯(5.95%)、β-桉叶醇(5.78%)、1,2,3,4,4a,7-六氢-1,6-二甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-萘(2.78%)、表圆线藻烯(2.34%)等。     

阔叶箬竹叶和箬竹叶中挥发油的提取及成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取阔叶箬竹叶和箬竹叶中的挥发油,用乙醚作溶剂进行多次萃取,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用分析二者的化学成分并进行比较。从阔叶箬竹叶提取的挥发油中共鉴定出37种化合物,主要成分为叶醇、1-己醇、苯甲醇、己醛、2-乙基呋喃、β-紫罗兰酮等。从箬竹叶提取的挥发油中共鉴定出49种化合物,主要成分为叶醇、苯甲醇、β-紫罗兰酮、2-己烯醛、苯乙醇、2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚、2-乙基呋喃等。两种箬叶挥发油中相对含量最高的成分都为叶醇,都含有酮、醛、醇、酚、酯类化合物,且酮、醛、醇的含量明显高于其他成分。     

南天竹花挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析及体外抗氧化活性

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取南天竹花挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析挥发油化学成分;以ABTS自由基清除作用、金属离子螯合作用为指标评价20%挥发油的体外抗氧化活性。从南天竹花挥发油中共鉴定出60种化合物,占挥发油总量的76.98%,主要成分为棕榈酸、棕榈醛、十八烷醛、3,7-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-醇、1-十六烯等;挥发油对ABTS自由基和金属离子具有较好地清除作用和螯合作用,且样品量与活性呈量效关系。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定超临界流体二氧化碳萃取东紫苏挥发油的化学成分

利用气相色谱-质谱（GeMs）法研究了超临界流体二氧化碳萃取东紫苏挥发油的化学成分。在最佳分析条件下，共分离出43个峰，鉴定出41个化学成分。主成分为百里香酚、香荆芥酚、香薷醇、6，10，14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮、β-香茅醇、香薷酮等，与文献报道有一定的差别，并发现了一些新的成分。方法稳定可靠、重现性好，适用于中草药挥发油化学成分的分析。     

Essential oil of Galinsoga parviflora leaves from Colombia

The chemical composition of the volatile compounds from the leaves of Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Asteraceae) from Colombia was studied by GC and GC/MS. Eighty-eight volatile compounds were identified, of which the major ones were (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (21.7%), beta-caryophyllene (12.4%), and 6-demethoxy-ageratochrome (14%). The leaf oil presented antimicrobial activities against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus.     

Analysis of the essential oil of Amsonia illustris

The root and leaf essential oils, present in trace amounts in Amsonia illustris Woods. (Apocynaceae), were isolated by steam distillation and their chemical constituents identified by GC-FID and GC-MS. More than 80% of the thirty volatile compounds in the leaf oil were identified, the major constituents being mainly sesquiterpenes like a-humulene (14.5%), beta-caryophyllene (12.4%) and guaiol (11.6%). The volatile ingredients of the root oil were pinocampheol, methyl salicylate, (2E,4E)- decadienal, eugenol and trans-isoeugenol.     

Antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents of the essential oils from flower, leaf and stem of Gypsophila bicolor from Iran

The volatile constituents from flower, leaf and stem of Gypsophila bicolor growing in Iran were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The flower oil was characterized by high amounts of germacrene-D (21.2%), p-cymene (20.6%), bicyclogermacrene (17.6%), gamma-dodecadienolactone (13.7%) and terpinolene (9.4%). Twenty-four constituents representing 97.4% of the leaf oil were identified of which germacrene-D (23.4%), terpinolene (14.5%), bicyclogermacrene (7.5%), gamma-dodecadienolactone (6.8%), p-cymene (6.7%) and cis-beta-ocimene (6.3%) were major components. The main components of the stem oil were gamma-dodecadienolactone (28.5%), bicyclogermacrene (14.8%), germacrene-D (12.6%), p-cymene (12.5%), terpinolene (11.6%) and trans-beta-ocimene (4.2%). The antimicrobial effects of flower, leaf and stem essential oils from Gypsophila bicolor were studied according to the agar diffusion cup method. The essential oils had a moderate effect on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but had a substantial effect on the fungi studied.     

Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae and essential oil composition of four Croton species from Caatinga biome in northeastern Brazil

Volatile components of essential oils from the leaves and stems of Croton jacobinensis, C. rhamnifolius, C. muscicapa and C. micans, which are medicinal plants found in the Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil, were analyzed using GC and GC/MS. The acaricidal activity of these oils against Tetranychus urticae was evaluated using the fumigation method. Oil yields from the Croton species ranged from 1.1 +/- 0.0 to 0.6 +/- 0.0%, w/w, for leaves and 0.7 +/- 0.0 to 0.1 +/- 0.0% for stems. Sesquiterpenoids were dominant in all oils, except the stem oil from C. rhamnifolius, which exhibited a high monoterpene content, and the leaf and stem oils from C. muscicapa, which were rich in phenylpropanoids. The major volatile components of the leaf and stem oils from C. jacobinensis were (Z)-alpha-atlantone (24.3 +/- 0.4%) and trans-isolongifolanone (22.8 +/- 0.5%), respectively. The most abundant constituents detected in C. rhamnifolius were alpha-cedrene epoxide (23.3 +/- 0.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (21.9 +/- 0.0%) in the leaf oil, and camphor (16.6 +/- 0.5%) and tricyclene (12.8 +/- 0.1%) in the stem oil. Foenicolin was the main compound identified in the leaf (50.6 +/- 0.2%) and stem (72.7 +/- 0.6%) oils of C. muscicapa, while alpha-bulnesene (32.9 +/- 0.2%) and guaiol (17.9 +/- 0.7%) were the principal components of C. micans oils. These oils exhibited a high degree of toxicity in the fumigation assay. The stem oils from C. jacobinensis and C. rhamnifolius exhibited high lethality rates, with LC50 values of 0.3 and 0.2 microL/L of air after 24 h, respectively. The results suggest the potential use of stem essential oil, especially from C. rhamnifolius and C. jacobinensis, for the integrated control of Tetranychus urticae.     

Citrus essential oil of Nigeria. Part V: Volatile constituents of sweet orange leaf oil (Citrus sinensis)

The volatile oils extracted from leaves of eight cultivars of Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck were comprehensively analysed by a combination of GC and GC-MS. Fifty four constituents accounting for 82.3-98.2% were identified. Sabinene (20.9-49.1%), delta-3-carene (0.3-14.3%), (E)-beta-ocimene (4.4-12.6%), linalool (3.7-11.1%) and terpinen-4-ol (1.7-12.5%) were the major constituents that are common to all the volatile oils. In addition, a cluster analysis was carried out and indicated at least four different chemotypes for the C. sinensis cultivars.     

Composition of the essential oils and antibacterial activities of Hymenocrater yazdianus, Stachys obtusicrena and Nepeta asterotricha three Labiatae herbs growing wild in Iran

Water-distilled essential oils from leaves of Hymenocrater yazdianus Rech.f., flowers of Stachys obtusicrena Boiss., and stems and flowers of Nepeta asterotricha Rech.f., which are endemic to Iran, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-five components of the leaf oil of H. yazdianus were characterized, representing 95.1% of the total components detected. The major constituents were identified as 1,8-cineole (17.6%), beta-caryophyllene (13.9%), alpha-pinene (10.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (10.4%). Germacrene-D (37.5%) and alpha-bisabolol (23.5%) were the main components among the twenty constituents characterized in the flower oil of S. obtusicrena, representing 90.8% of the total components detected. Thirty-five compounds representing 93.0% of the stem oil of N. asterotrica were identified among which terpinen-4-ol (22.8%) and gamma-terpinene (14.1%) were the major ones. The flower oil of the species was characterized by higher amounts of terpinen-4-ol (24.8%), 4a alpha, 7a beta-nepetalactone (18.2%) and 1,8-cineole (11.6%) among the thirty-three components comprising 98.5% of the total oil detected. The antibacterial activity of the stem, leaf and flower oils of Hymenocrater yazdianus, Stachys obtusicrena and Nepeta asterotricha against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were determined using the MIC method. The growth inhibitory zone (mm) was also measured.     

Seasonal variation in the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of volatile oils of three species of Leptospermum (Myrtaceae) grown in Brazil

This study investigates the seasonal variation of three species of Leptospermum (Myrtaceae) grown in Brazil. The chemical composition of the volatile oils of L. flavescens and L. petersonii did not show any significant seasonal variation in the major components, while for Leptospermum madidum subsp. sativum the levels of major constituents of the volatile oils varied with the harvest season. Major fluctuations in the composition of L. madidum subsp. sativum oil included α-pinene (0-15.2%), β-pinene (0.3-18.5%), α-humulene (0.8-30%), 1,8-cineole (0.4-7.1%) and E-caryophyllene (0.4-11.9%). Levels of β-pinene (0.3-5.6%), terpinen-4-ol (4.7-7.2%) and nerolidol (55.1-67.6%) fluctuated seasonally in the L. flavescens oil. In L. petersonii, changes were noted for geranial (29.8-32.8%), citronellal (26.5-33.9%) and neral (22.7-23.5%). The activity of the volatile oils against the tested bacteria differed, depending on season the oils were obtained. In general, the volatile oils were more active against Gram-positive bacteria.     

气相色谱/质谱法分析曼陀罗果实挥发油的化学成分

用水蒸汽蒸馏法从曼陀罗果实中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,用峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对含量。结果确定了68种化合物,占挥发油总量的82.83%,其主要成分为6-戊基-5,6-二氢化吡喃-2-酮(9.13%)、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯-1-醇(6.71%)、二苯酮(6.16%)和1-己醇(6.10%)等。